寸(cun)(cun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)又(you)稱寸(cun)(cun)家祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂,位于(yu)云(yun)南(nan)省騰(teng)沖縣和(he)順(shun)古(gu)鎮(zhen),是和(he)順(shun)古(gu)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)標(biao)志性建筑(zhu),是騰(teng)沖寸(cun)(cun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)族的(de)(de)象(xiang)征。從內(nei)到外(wai)建有(you)(you)正殿、廂樓、花(hua)園(yuan)、客堂、大(da)廳、二門、大(da)門, 大(da)門外(wai)有(you)(you)兩(liang)層石(shi)月臺(tai)(tai),臨門月臺(tai)(tai)高出鄉前(qian)通(tong)衢175cm,左右兩(liang)邊有(you)(you)石(shi)標(biao)桿,每棵桿上有(you)(you)兩(liang)個石(shi)斗(為清光緒乙未(wei)科進士(shi)寸(cun)(cun)開泰所(suo)立)。通(tong)衢外(wai)又(you)有(you)(you)一個更大(da)的(de)(de)月臺(tai)(tai),前(qian)有(you)(you)荷池一塘,眼界開擴,風景無限。寸(cun)(cun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)南(nan)亞風格(ge)大(da)門;始建于(yu)明(ming)代嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間。擴建于(yu)清代嘉慶(qing)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1806年(nian)(nian)),當時的(de)(de)族長(chang)寸(cun)(cun)光遠組(zu)織(zhi)闔族在國內(nei)外(wai)展,勸(quan)捐’活動,將所(suo)捐得的(de)(de)錢在緬(mian)甸(dian)(dian)做棉花(hua)生(sheng)意。三年(nian)(nian)后陸續把大(da)門、山墻(qiang)、圍(wei)墻(qiang)等修建起來(lai)(lai)。祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂設計之精(jing)美,做工之巧妙,充分體現了古(gu)代中(zhong)國勞動人民的(de)(de)勤勞智慧(hui)和(he)藝(yi)術創造力。在公元1935年(nian)(nian),清同治秀(xiu)才、寸(cun)(cun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)族族長(chang)寸(cun)(cun)性怡主持重(zhong)修和(he)順(shun)寸(cun)(cun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)新大(da)門,門前(qian)的(de)(de)兩(liang)個石(shi)獅是緬(mian)甸(dian)(dian)華(hua)僑寸(cun)(cun)姓族人于(yu)21世(shi)紀捐贈的(de)(de)。一世(shi)祖寸(cun)(cun)慶(qing)世(shi)居(ju)四川重(zhong)慶(qing)府巴縣梁灘里寸(cun)(cun)家灣。明(ming)朝洪武二十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)( 1391 年(nian)(nian))奉旨南(nan)征來(lai)(lai)滇(dian),隨大(da)軍(jun)至永昌(保山)、騰(teng)越(yue)(騰(teng)沖)守御(yu)千戶所(suo),寸(cun)(cun)姓族人主要分布于(yu)云(yun)南(nan)騰(teng)沖、盈江、保山,貴州遵義,臺(tai)(tai)灣新竹,緬(mian)甸(dian)(dian)(華(hua)僑)等地(di)均有(you)(you)分布。
和順八(ba)大(da)宗祠中,寸氏宗祠是修(xiu)建(jian)最(zui)早的(de)(de)一家(jia),據碑刻記載:清嘉慶(qing)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1806年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))時任族長的(de)(de)武(wu)生(sheng)寸光遠組(zu)織闔(he)族神前起念(nian),勸捐籌款,后投(tou)資(zi)緬(mian)甸經營(ying)棉花(hua),獲利(li)后于(yu)嘉慶(qing)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1809年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))臘月初二豎正堂、大(da)門,14年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1810年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))夏修(xiu)山墻、圍墻及廊(lang)階,24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1820年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)廳房,道(dao)光2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1823年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))修(xiu)廳前照壁,道(dao)光3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)家(jia)堂座(zuo),5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)曖閣牌(pai)位,6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1827年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))修(xiu)月臺,1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重修(xiu)新大(da)門,前后歷(li)時126年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),經幾代人(ren)的(de)(de)辛勤(qin)營(ying)作,方(fang)始告竣,共有正堂、左右廂樓(lou)、照壁、前廳、花(hua)園、兩(liang)個(ge)天井、尤其新大(da)門在上(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)個(ge)月臺及分立(li)兩(liang)邊的(de)(de)標桿,八(ba)字粉墻的(de)(de)映襯下(xia)十(shi)分壯觀。
宗祠祭典代表著中國祖先信仰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀(xiu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)形式(shi),具有較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響力和(he)歷史(shi)價值。從寸(cun)氏宗祠內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楹(ying)聯可看出,其內容之豐富,文(wen)(wen)墨之深厚,可窺(kui)僑鄉(xiang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)之一斑。如今(jin)(jin)這些仍然保存完好,建筑樣式(shi)各具特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗祠,已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為和(he)順(shun)輝煌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)藝術(shu)瑰寶(bao),成(cheng)(cheng)為和(he)順(shun)歷史(shi)上燦爛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質文(wen)(wen)明成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)見證,也成(cheng)(cheng)為我們今(jin)(jin)天(tian)研究傳統宗祠文(wen)(wen)化(hua)不可多得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
宗(zong)祠中(zhong)(zhong)還有寸氏祖先(xian)墓(mu)的照片及(ji)解說;值得一提(ti)的是,祠中(zhong)(zhong)懸(xuan)掛著清代(dai)光緒乙未進士寸開(kai)泰手書(shu)的“寸氏家(jia)訓”,寸氏家(jia)訓共十(shi)六字(zi):禮(li)、義、廉(lian)、恥、忠、信、孝、悌、寬(kuan)、和、謹、勤、慈、讓、恭、儉。這十(shi)六字(zi),概括了做人(ren)的方方面(mian)面(mian)。每字(zi)下面(mian)均有解說。寫好(hao)后裱為單條,張掛于宗(zong)祠之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)。宗(zong)祠中(zhong)(zhong)還有二十(shi)四孝彩圖。
寸(cun)(cun)氏宗祠坐落(luo)(luo)在馬蹄(ti)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)壩(ba)子(zi)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)古鎮,四周(zhou)群山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)環抱(bao),黑(hei)(hei)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),來風(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),老龜(gui)坡,馬鞍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),石頭(tou)(tou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)休眠火山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與繞村而(er)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)小河(he)使(shi)其既有,‘群山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)環衛,朝(chao)抱(bao)有情“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境。又含河(he)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彎曲乃(nai)龍氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聚(ju)會”。藏(zang)風(feng)(feng)聚(ju)氣(qi),滿(man)足中國傳統村落(luo)(luo)風(feng)(feng)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精髓,和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)整個主村落(luo)(luo)座(zuo)落(luo)(luo)在黑(hei)(hei)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)麓(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩坡上。形成“居山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)不登(deng)高阜,臨水(shui)而(er)陷澤困的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態勢”。舒展平(ping)緩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靠(kao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈蜿蜒幾公里將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳和(he)(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村子(zi)環抱(bao)村前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壩(ba)子(zi)呈新月型,平(ping)坦開闊(kuo),成聚(ju)風(feng)(feng)藏(zang)氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢。寸(cun)(cun)氏宗祠坐東(dong)(dong)南(nan)朝(chao)西北(bei)(bei),雖有背傳統風(feng)(feng)水(shui)推從坐南(nan)朝(chao)北(bei)(bei),但地處無需考慮風(feng)(feng)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滇(dian)西南(nan)其也(ye)是因地制宜選擇絕(jue)佳(jia)風(feng)(feng)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉。位于村落(luo)(luo)左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來風(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)(he)石頭(tou)(tou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)乃(nai)為護衛青龍,白虎(hu)。和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)北(bei)(bei)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老龜(gui)坡和(he)(he)(he)擂(lei)鼓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢平(ping)緩低矮(ai),構成理想風(feng)(feng)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朝(chao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)(he)案山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)古鎮遵循傳統風(feng)(feng)水(shui)意象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川選址。加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)村民世代僑(qiao)居海外(wai)經商(shang)尊崇儒重教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民風(feng)(feng)使(shi)其雖極邊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,但人才輩(bei)出。是和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)成為遠(yuan)居滇(dian)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“世外(wai)桃園(yuan)”。和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)“軍戶”立基業,“僑(qiao)商(shang)”創(chuang)輝(hui)煌,清朝(chao)初年受政治,經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響和(he)(he)(he)順(shun)人徹底擺脫了(le)“軍戶”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舒服,紛(fen)紛(fen)遠(yuan)走異國“走夷(yi)方”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活‘創(chuang)造了(le)紅遍(bian)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)亞(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“福圣隆”商(shang)號,翡(fei)翠大王(wang)寸(cun)(cun)尊福。