寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)氏(shi)宗(zong)祠又(you)稱寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)家(jia)祠堂(tang),位于(yu)云南省騰(teng)沖(chong)縣和順(shun)古(gu)(gu)鎮,是(shi)和順(shun)古(gu)(gu)鎮的(de)(de)標志性建(jian)筑(zhu),是(shi)騰(teng)沖(chong)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)氏(shi)宗(zong)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)象征(zheng)(zheng)。從內到外(wai)建(jian)有(you)(you)正殿、廂樓(lou)、花園、客堂(tang)、大(da)廳、二(er)門(men)(men)、大(da)門(men)(men), 大(da)門(men)(men)外(wai)有(you)(you)兩(liang)層石(shi)月(yue)臺,臨門(men)(men)月(yue)臺高出鄉前通衢175cm,左(zuo)右兩(liang)邊有(you)(you)石(shi)標桿,每棵桿上有(you)(you)兩(liang)個石(shi)斗(為清光緒乙(yi)未科進(jin)士寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)開泰所(suo)立)。通衢外(wai)又(you)有(you)(you)一(yi)個更大(da)的(de)(de)月(yue)臺,前有(you)(you)荷池一(yi)塘,眼界開擴(kuo),風景無限。寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)氏(shi)宗(zong)祠的(de)(de)南亞(ya)風格大(da)門(men)(men);始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間(jian)。擴(kuo)建(jian)于(yu)清代(dai)(dai)(dai)嘉慶(qing)十年(nian)(nian)(1806年(nian)(nian)),當時的(de)(de)族(zu)(zu)長寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)光遠組織闔族(zu)(zu)在(zai)國內外(wai)展,勸捐(juan)’活動,將所(suo)捐(juan)得的(de)(de)錢在(zai)緬(mian)甸(dian)做棉花生(sheng)意。三(san)年(nian)(nian)后陸續把大(da)門(men)(men)、山(shan)(shan)墻(qiang)、圍墻(qiang)等修建(jian)起來(lai)。祠堂(tang)設計之(zhi)精美,做工之(zhi)巧妙(miao),充分體現了(le)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國勞動人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)勤勞智(zhi)慧(hui)和藝術創造力。在(zai)公元(yuan)1935年(nian)(nian),清同治秀才、寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)氏(shi)宗(zong)族(zu)(zu)族(zu)(zu)長寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)性怡主(zhu)(zhu)持重修和順(shun)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)氏(shi)宗(zong)祠新(xin)大(da)門(men)(men),門(men)(men)前的(de)(de)兩(liang)個石(shi)獅是(shi)緬(mian)甸(dian)華僑(qiao)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)姓族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)于(yu)21世紀捐(juan)贈的(de)(de)。一(yi)世祖寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)慶(qing)世居四川(chuan)重慶(qing)府巴縣梁(liang)灘里寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)家(jia)灣(wan)。明(ming)朝(chao)洪武二(er)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)( 1391 年(nian)(nian))奉旨南征(zheng)(zheng)來(lai)滇,隨大(da)軍至永昌(保山(shan)(shan))、騰(teng)越(騰(teng)沖(chong))守御千戶所(suo),寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)姓族(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)要分布(bu)于(yu)云南騰(teng)沖(chong)、盈江、保山(shan)(shan),貴州遵義,臺灣(wan)新(xin)竹(zhu),緬(mian)甸(dian)(華僑(qiao))等地(di)均有(you)(you)分布(bu)。
和順八大宗祠中,寸(cun)氏宗祠是修(xiu)(xiu)建最早的(de)一(yi)家,據碑刻記載(zai):清嘉慶十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1806年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))時(shi)任(ren)族長的(de)武(wu)生寸(cun)光(guang)遠組織闔族神(shen)前起念,勸捐籌款,后(hou)投資緬(mian)甸經(jing)營棉花(hua),獲利后(hou)于嘉慶十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1809年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))臘月初二豎正堂、大門,14年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1810年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))夏修(xiu)(xiu)山墻(qiang)、圍墻(qiang)及廊階,24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1820年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))建廳房,道光(guang)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1823年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))修(xiu)(xiu)廳前照(zhao)壁,道光(guang)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)家堂座,5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)曖閣牌位,6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1827年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))修(xiu)(xiu)月臺,1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重修(xiu)(xiu)新大門,前后(hou)歷時(shi)126年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),經(jing)幾代(dai)人(ren)的(de)辛(xin)勤營作,方始告竣,共有正堂、左(zuo)右廂樓、照(zhao)壁、前廳、花(hua)園、兩個(ge)天(tian)井、尤(you)其新大門在(zai)上下兩個(ge)月臺及分立(li)兩邊的(de)標桿(gan),八字粉墻(qiang)的(de)映襯下十分壯觀。
宗祠祭典代(dai)表著中國祖先信仰的(de)優秀文(wen)化形式,具有(you)較大的(de)影響力和(he)歷史(shi)價值。從寸氏宗祠內的(de)楹聯(lian)可(ke)看出,其內容之(zhi)(zhi)豐富,文(wen)墨之(zhi)(zhi)深厚,可(ke)窺僑鄉文(wen)化之(zhi)(zhi)一斑(ban)。如今這些仍(reng)然(ran)保存完好,建筑樣式各具特色的(de)宗祠,已成(cheng)為(wei)和(he)順輝煌(huang)的(de)文(wen)化藝術瑰寶(bao),成(cheng)為(wei)和(he)順歷史(shi)上(shang)燦爛的(de)物質文(wen)明成(cheng)果的(de)見證,也成(cheng)為(wei)我們(men)今天研究傳統宗祠文(wen)化不(bu)可(ke)多得的(de)。
宗(zong)祠(ci)中還有寸氏(shi)祖先墓(mu)的(de)照片及解(jie)說;值得一提(ti)的(de)是,祠(ci)中懸掛(gua)著清代光(guang)緒乙未進士寸開泰(tai)手書(shu)的(de)“寸氏(shi)家訓(xun)(xun)”,寸氏(shi)家訓(xun)(xun)共十六字(zi):禮(li)、義、廉、恥、忠、信、孝(xiao)、悌、寬、和(he)、謹、勤、慈、讓、恭、儉(jian)。這十六字(zi),概括了(le)做人的(de)方(fang)方(fang)面(mian)面(mian)。每字(zi)下面(mian)均有解(jie)說。寫好(hao)后裱為單條,張掛(gua)于宗(zong)祠(ci)之中。宗(zong)祠(ci)中還有二(er)十四孝(xiao)彩(cai)圖。
寸氏宗祠坐落在馬蹄型的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)壩子(zi)(zi)東(dong)南部和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)古(gu)鎮,四周(zhou)群山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)環抱,黑(hei)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),來風(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),老龜(gui)坡(po),馬鞍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),石頭(tou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等休(xiu)眠火山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與(yu)繞村(cun)(cun)而過的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)小河(he)使(shi)其既有,‘群山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)環衛,朝(chao)抱有情“之(zhi)境(jing)。又(you)含(han)河(he)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)彎曲乃(nai)龍(long)氣之(zhi)聚(ju)會”。藏風(feng)(feng)(feng)聚(ju)氣,滿足中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)村(cun)(cun)落風(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)精(jing)髓(sui),和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)整個主村(cun)(cun)落座落在黑(hei)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北麓(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)坡(po)上。形成(cheng)“居(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而不登高阜,臨水(shui)(shui)而陷澤(ze)困的(de)(de)(de)(de)態勢(shi)(shi)”。舒展平緩(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靠(kao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈蜿蜒幾公里將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳和(he)(he)(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰的(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)子(zi)(zi)環抱村(cun)(cun)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)壩子(zi)(zi)呈(cheng)新月型,平坦開闊,成(cheng)聚(ju)風(feng)(feng)(feng)藏氣之(zhi)勢(shi)(shi)。寸氏宗祠坐東(dong)南朝(chao)西(xi)北,雖有背(bei)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)推從坐南朝(chao)北,但(dan)地(di)處無(wu)需(xu)考慮風(feng)(feng)(feng)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)滇西(xi)南其也(ye)是(shi)因地(di)制宜選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)絕佳風(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)舉。位于村(cun)(cun)落左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)來風(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)石頭(tou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)乃(nai)為護(hu)衛青龍(long),白虎。和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)北面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老龜(gui)坡(po)和(he)(he)(he)(he)擂(lei)鼓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)平緩(huan)低(di)矮,構成(cheng)理(li)想(xiang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朝(chao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)案山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)古(gu)鎮遵循傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)意(yi)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川選(xuan)(xuan)址。加之(zhi)村(cun)(cun)民世代僑居(ju)海外經(jing)商(shang)尊崇儒(ru)重教的(de)(de)(de)(de)民風(feng)(feng)(feng)使(shi)其雖極邊之(zhi)地(di),但(dan)人才輩出。是(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)成(cheng)為遠(yuan)居(ju)滇西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“世外桃園”。和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)“軍(jun)戶”立基業,“僑商(shang)”創輝煌,清朝(chao)初年受政治,經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響和(he)(he)(he)(he)順(shun)人徹底擺脫了“軍(jun)戶”的(de)(de)(de)(de)舒服,紛紛遠(yuan)走(zou)異國“走(zou)夷方(fang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活‘創造了紅遍東(dong)南亞(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“福(fu)圣隆(long)”商(shang)號(hao),翡(fei)翠大王寸尊福(fu)。