在長汀縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)。唐(tang)大(da)歷(li)四年(769年),汀州刺史(shi)陳(chen)劍將州治從東(dong)坊口大(da)丘頭(距城(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)約(yue)5里(li))遷移至今址,于臥龍山之陽筑土城(cheng)(cheng)。宋治平三年(1066年),郡守劉均擴城(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)墻周長5里(li)余,基寬3丈,高1.8丈,城(cheng)(cheng)壕深(shen)1.5丈。
辟(pi)城門(men)(men)(men)(men)六處:東曰“濟川”,西曰“秋成(cheng)”,南(nan)曰“頒(ban)條(tiao)”、“鄞江(jiang)”,東南(nan)曰“通(tong)遠”,東北曰“興(xing)賢”。明洪(hong)武四年(nian)(nian)(1371年(nian)(nian))重(zhong)修(xiu),并將(jiang)城墻包以磚(zhuan)石,封(feng)閉(bi)“頒(ban)條(tiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,“濟川門(men)(men)(men)(men)”改(gai)為(wei)(wei)“麗春門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,“秋成(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”改(gai)為(wei)(wei)“通(tong)津門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,“通(tong)遠門(men)(men)(men)(men)”改(gai)為(wei)(wei)“鎮南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,“鄞江(jiang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”改(gai)為(wei)(wei)“廣儲(chu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,“興(xing)賢門(men)(men)(men)(men)”改(gai)為(wei)(wei)“朝(chao)天門(men)(men)(men)(men)”。明弘治十一年(nian)(nian)(1499年(nian)(nian)),建“廣儲(chu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”和“麗春門(men)(men)(men)(men)”兩門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓。崇禎九年(nian)(nian)(1635年(nian)(nian))重(zhong)修(xiu),將(jiang)城墻增高加(jia)厚,并筑“寶(bao)珠門(men)(men)(men)(men)”和“惠吉門(men)(men)(men)(men)”。清順治以后,經幾次重(zhong)修(xiu),至1924年(nian)(nian),城墻大(da)部(bu)分被拆毀,余者十之(zhi)二三(san)。
古(gu)城(cheng)墻始建(jian)于唐大歷四年(nian)(nian),依山傍(bang)水(shui),體現了我國古(gu)代(dai)高超的建(jian)筑技藝(yi)和不朽的藝(yi)術(shu)價值。現在保存(cun)完好(hao)的城(cheng)墻近(jin)3000米,2013年(nian)(nian)被列為全國重(zhong)點文物保護單位。2014年(nian)(nian)11月,長汀縣政府重(zhong)修的濟川(chuan)門建(jian)成(cheng)。?
古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)曾有四大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men),朝(chao)天門(men)(men)(men)是汀(ting)州(zhou)府(fu)(fu)四大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)一(yi),俗稱東(dong)門(men)(men)(men),原名(ming)興賢(xian)門(men)(men)(men),明(ming)洪(hong)武四年進行(xing)修葺,以磚石砌(qi)之(zhi),上有門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou),門(men)(men)(men)固樓(lou)高,形勢雄偉,便改名(ming)朝(chao)天門(men)(men)(men)。清(qing)代汀(ting)州(zhou)知府(fu)(fu)鄢翼明(ming)又重修,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)主體(ti)建筑(zhu)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)高臺之(zhi)上,層(ceng)層(ceng)飛檐,凌空高翥(zhu),列為(wei)汀(ting)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)勝跡“東(dong)翹(qiao)舒嘯”。 坐落(luo)于南大(da)(da)街的寶珠門(men)(men)(men),因南朝(chao)珠峰,故得(de)名(ming)玉珠門(men)(men)(men)。明(ming)崇禎十年被(bei)修繕(shan)過(guo),分為(wei)內外兩重,是一(yi)座較為(wei)特殊的古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men),至(zhi)今(jin)仍保存(cun)完整,人們習慣(guan)稱之(zhi)“寶珠樓(lou)”。
水東橋西(xi)邊城(cheng)墻原有堅(jian)固的城(cheng)門,原名會川門,據志載,明嘉靖(jing)四(si)十年,知(zhi)府楊世芳率(lv)知(zhi)縣王邈督(du)建城(cheng)樓,改名挹(yi)(yi)(yi)清(qing)門。清(qing)兵(bing)入閩時,隆(long)武帝與隨行官員、宮中后妃(fei)逃至長(chang)汀,城(cheng)內即戒備森嚴,城(cheng)門緊閉,許多人(ren)自告(gao)奮勇登城(cheng)守衛(wei)。清(qing)兵(bing)則縱火焚(fen)燒挹(yi)(yi)(yi)清(qing)門,守衛(wei)者戰死于(yu)門樓上(shang)。至民國,因擴充(chong)道路(lu)門樓被拆除(chu),但水東橋西(xi)端(duan)至今群眾還(huan)習(xi)慣稱之為(wei)“挹(yi)(yi)(yi)清(qing)門頭(tou)”。
今三元(yuan)閣(ge)門(men)樓是最古(gu)老的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),原(yuan)名鄞江(jiang)門(men),后(hou)改為廣儲(chu)門(men),是唐(tang)朝(chao)大歷年間汀州(zhou)刺史陳(chen)劍遷徙州(zhou)治建(jian)(jian)筑土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),歷代(dai)均(jun)有(you)修繕,清代(dai)為三層(ceng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓,閣(ge)基是原(yuan)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),用方(fang)塊石條堆砌(qi),上邊(bian)用城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻磚砌(qi)成,翹角飛檐(yan),甚為壯觀(guan)。在歷代(dai)王(wang)朝(chao)中,古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻經(jing)過不斷修葺擴建(jian)(jian),也增設許多城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),如古(gu)郡南門(men)、五通門(men)、水吉門(men)、西門(men)等,有(you)些后(hou)來在道路擴建(jian)(jian)中被拆除,有(you)些尚保(bao)存,成為古(gu)跡,被列為縣級文(wen)物保(bao)護。?
現(xian)存城墻自(zi)朝天門(men)(men)至(zhi)惠吉門(men)(men)近河一(yi)帶(dai),長(chang)(chang)1125米(mi)(mi),還(huan)有(you)城門(men)(men)樓(lou)3座。城門(men)(men)樓(lou)皆(jie)明(ming)清時期磚(zhuan)木結構,氣勢雄偉。廣儲門(men)(men)樓(lou),位(wei)于城區和(he)平路(lu),花崗石砌基,青磚(zhuan)斗拱(gong),三重(zhong)(zhong)遞進,長(chang)(chang)8.55米(mi)(mi),拱(gong)門(men)(men)高3.4米(mi)(mi),一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)跨度4.4米(mi)(mi),二重(zhong)(zhong)跨度6.1米(mi)(mi),遺有(you)唐(tang)代八(ba)角復盆(pen)式石柱(zhu)礎;朝天門(men)(men)樓(lou),位(wei)于東大街(jie),磚(zhuan)砌城門(men)(men),甬道長(chang)(chang)4.88米(mi)(mi),跨度3.3米(mi)(mi),清代重(zhong)(zhong)建,樓(lou)閣(ge)式雙層磚(zhuan)木結構,面(mian)闊3間,進深2間,重(zhong)(zhong)檐歇山頂;寶(bao)珠門(men)(men)樓(lou)經南大街(jie),雙重(zhong)(zhong)城門(men)(men),中間有(you)天窗,兩廊馬槽連接,建筑風(feng)格(ge)獨特。面(mian)對這文化遺產中的(de)瑰寶(bao),不(bu)能不(bu)贊嘆中國(guo)古代勞動人民的(de)豐(feng)富(fu)智慧和(he)偉大的(de)創造。
汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)試院、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)三元(yuan)閣(ge)、朝天(tian)門(men)(men)、五通(tong)門(men)(men)、水吉(ji)門(men)(men)、寶珠(zhu)門(men)(men)、惠吉(ji)門(men)(men)、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)文廟、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)朱子祠(ci)、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)宗圣廟、北極樓(lou)、云(yun)驤閣(ge)、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)府城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)天(tian)后宮、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)南禪寺(si)、唐宋明(ming)清古(gu)(gu)(gu)街(jie)(jie)古(gu)(gu)(gu)民居(烏石巷、五通(tong)街(jie)(jie)、東門(men)(men)街(jie)(jie)、南大(da)街(jie)(jie)、惠吉(ji)巷街(jie)(jie)、店頭街(jie)(jie))、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)古(gu)(gu)(gu)井雙陰塔(ta)、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)狀元(yuan)亭、大(da)同(tong)十(shi)里鋪定光(guang)陂(po)、館前沈宅“九廳十(shi)八井”、童坊平原山(shan)廣(guang)福院、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)紫云(yun)公祠(ci)、汀(ting)(ting)(ting)州(zhou)賴氏(shi)坦公祠(ci)、濯田水頭賴氏(shi)宗祠(ci)建筑群、策武永隆橋、烏石崠古(gu)(gu)(gu)文化遺址(zhi)、南山(shan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)瓷窯(yao)遺址(zhi)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)隘嶺及大(da)同(tong)天(tian)鄰古(gu)(gu)(gu)驛(yi)棧遺址(zhi)等。
去古(gu)城(cheng)鎮做(zuo)火車(che)是有古(gu)城(cheng)站,或者(zhe)下(xia)車(che)進(jin)縣城(cheng)的西(xi)客車(che)站(摩的3塊(kuai)錢左右)轉班車(che)。