簡介
施家溝(gou)墓地是國(guo)家第七批文物保(bao)護單位,位于撫順(shun)市順(shun)城區高爾山(shan)山(shan)城(省級文物保(bao)護單位)東1.5公里撫順(shun)市衛(wei)生(sheng)學校北山(shan)上。2000年(nian)10月初(chu)發(fa)現(xian),2000年(nian)11月——2001年(nian)12月,遼寧(ning)省考古(gu)研究所與撫順(shun)市博物館組成聯合考古(gu)隊,對(dui)撫順(shun)市施家溝(gou)墓地進行了考古(gu)調查(cha)和(he)搶救性(xing)發(fa)掘。調查(cha)發(fa)現(xian),這(zhe)是一處面積(ji)較大的高句麗古(gu)。
現狀
墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)全為(wei)封(feng)土石(shi)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)平(ping)面呈鏟形(xing)或刀型,由(you)封(feng)土、門道、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)保存(cun)相對較好,上有(you)封(feng)土覆蓋,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頂多(duo)已(yi)坍(tan)塌。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室、門道用(yong)大小不一的石(shi)塊(kuai)錯(cuo)縫壘砌而(er)成(cheng)(cheng),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)從(cong)(cong)底部開始(shi)即向內收(shou),尤其是(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)1米高處往上內收(shou)更甚,并開始(shi)轉角內收(shou)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)穹(qiong)隆狀 頂。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)底平(ping)鋪一層小石(shi)塊(kuai)和碎瓦片。門道、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室四壁(bi)、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頂及墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)底皆用(yong)白灰抹面。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室平(ping)面為(wei)長方形(xing)或方形(xing)兩種。其中(zhong)1座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)壁(bi)畫墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。壁(bi)畫用(yong)紅(hong)、黃、黑等顏料畫出人物、服飾與(yu)蓮花,因破(po)壞嚴重,圖案多(duo)已(yi)漫漶不清。這座壁(bi)畫墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)遼寧省(sheng)繼本(ben)溪桓仁米倉溝(gou)壁(bi)畫墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)后新發現的一座壁(bi)畫墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),資料十分重要。
文物價值
墓葬(zang)均早(zao)期被盜和破壞(huai),因此出(chu)土(tu)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)品數(shu)量較少,主要有金(jin)耳環和包(bao)金(jin)銅耳環、銀釵(chai)、銀環、銅帶飾、銅環、手鐲等飾件,鐵(tie)鏡(jing)、鐵(tie)刀、各種形式的(de)鐵(tie)鏃、棺釘、石珠、陶(tao)(tao)罐(guan)、陶(tao)(tao)缽,以及釉陶(tao)(tao)片、泥質灰(hui)陶(tao)(tao)片、板瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa)等典型高句(ju)麗(li)遺物(wu)。另外還(huan)出(chu)土(tu)2枚“開元通寶”銅線。表明部分墓葬(zang)年(nian)代上限為(wei)唐初。由此斷定這批墓葬(zang)時代為(wei)高句(ju)麗(li)晚期。此次發掘,無(wu)論是(shi)從(cong)墓葬(zang)分布、墓葬(zang)形制、壁畫內容、還(huan)是(shi)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)品等方(fang)面,都為(wei)深入研究高句(ju)麗(li)文(wen)化提供了豐富的(de)材料(liao)。
施家(jia)溝古墓(mu)(mu)群位于省(sheng)級文物保護單位高(gao)(gao)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)以東(dong)約1.5公里處,一些墓(mu)(mu)內出土的(de)(de)板瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa)和瓦(wa)當與高(gao)(gao)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)出土的(de)(de)一致,表明二(er)者(zhe)之間關(guan)系密(mi)切,應為(wei)高(gao)(gao)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)附屬墓(mu)(mu)地(di)。高(gao)(gao)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)句(ju)麗時期的(de)(de)“新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)”,地(di)理位置十(shi)(shi)分重(zhong)要,具有較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)和學(xue)術價值,受到中外(wai)學(xue)者(zhe)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度重(zhong)視(shi)。高(gao)(gao)爾(er)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)幾十(shi)(shi)年來,在其(qi)附近一直沒有發(fa)現(xian)(xian)高(gao)(gao)句(ju)麗墓(mu)(mu)葬,不僅如(ru)此,過去遼寧(ning)其(qi)它地(di)方發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)句(ju)麗山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng),在山(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)附近也很少發(fa)現(xian)(xian)高(gao)(gao)句(ju)麗墓(mu)(mu)葬。施家(jia)溝古墓(mu)(mu)群的(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)(xian),是(shi)解決此問題(ti)的(de)(de)一次突(tu)破,推動了遼寧(ning)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)句(ju)麗考古研究工作的(de)(de)進展。
文物保護
2003年3月公布為(wei)省(sheng)級文物保(bao)護單位(wei)。