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千山古建筑群
0 票數:0 #人文景觀建筑#
千山古建筑群位于中國遼寧省鞍山市千山區千山,主要包括千山風景區的五大禪林及無量觀等明清寺廟古建筑群。大安寺、龍泉寺、中會寺、祖越寺、香巖寺被稱為千山五大禪林,其建筑多為明、清時期所建。2013年被列為第七批全國重點文物保護單位。千山,古稱積翠山,又名千華山、千頂山、千朵蓮花山,它南鄰渤海,北接長白,東依鴨綠江,西俯遼河,具有得天獨厚的地理位置和自然條件。千山有著厚重的歷史宗教文化和神奇瑰麗的自然風光,古往今來,一直是吸引游人的最美的佛教圣山,素有無峰不奇、無石不峭、無寺不古、無處不幽之美譽。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 遼寧省鞍山(shan)(shan)市千山(shan)(shan)區
  • 文物保護單位: 國家第七批(明至清(qing))
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千山(shan)最具特色(se)的(de)古(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)群(qun),包括龍(long)(long)泉(quan)寺(si)(si)(si)、香巖寺(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)會寺(si)(si)(si)、祖(zu)越(yue)寺(si)(si)(si)、大安寺(si)(si)(si)和無量觀。在2013年5月,由國(guo)務院公布(bu)為(wei)第七批全國(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位。為(wei)更好保(bao)(bao)護(hu)千山(shan)古(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)群(qun),經遼寧(ning)省文(wen)(wen)物局(ju)和國(guo)家文(wen)(wen)物局(ju)審(shen)核同意,鞍山(shan)市(shi)文(wen)(wen)物局(ju)擬對(dui)全國(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位——千山(shan)古(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)群(qun)中(zhong)的(de)龍(long)(long)泉(quan)寺(si)(si)(si)、香巖寺(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)會寺(si)(si)(si)、祖(zu)越(yue)寺(si)(si)(si)、大安寺(si)(si)(si)和無量觀等已破(po)損的(de)廟宇進(jin)行全面修繕。

龍(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)寺(si)位于(yu)千山風景區北溝中(zhong)部,初建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)年(nian)(nian)代已無(wu)法考證(zheng),據(ju)寺(si)內現(xian)存碑記,后山佛堂(tang)(tang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)明嘉靖37年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1558年(nian)(nian)),東庵(an)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)明萬(wan)歷25年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1597年(nian)(nian),民國16年(nian)(nian)改為(wei)藏經(jing)閣(ge)(ge))。山門(men)(men)前(qian)額刻(ke)“敕建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)”,旁刻(ke)“萬(wan)歷三十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)”,后額刻(ke)“金輪永鎮”,旁刻(ke)“康熙戌(xu)口(kou)口(kou)”。寺(si)內有大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、龍(long)(long)(long)王廟(miao)、韋(wei)陀(tuo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、禪(chan)堂(tang)(tang)、客房及僧院(yuan)等大(da)(da)小建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑20處(chu),現(xian)存建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑多為(wei)清代重(zhong)修或增修,龍(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)寺(si)以法王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)院(yuan)內建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)中(zhong)軸(zhou)線,兩側配(pei)(pei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)客堂(tang)(tang)、禪(chan)堂(tang)(tang)、齋堂(tang)(tang);西(xi)側高崖上(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有鼓樓、西(xi)閣(ge)(ge)、小書房;東側高崖上(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有鐘(zhong)樓、藏經(jing)閣(ge)(ge)、涼亭;南面峭壁上(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彌(mi)勒殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),西(xi)北更高的(de)山坡(po)上(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配(pei)(pei)房,山門(men)(men)在西(xi)南半坡(po)上(shang),隨瞪道(dao)轉折上(shang)升,如寺(si)前(qian)有第二道(dao)石券門(men)(men)。

香(xiang)巖寺(si)(si)位于千(qian)山南溝南部,建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian))、碾房(fang)(fang)、客房(fang)(fang)、齋房(fang)(fang)等(deng),后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、西客房(fang)(fang)、東禪堂、倉庫(ku)、監院房(fang)(fang)等(deng)共計十(shi)二幢四十(shi)二間(jian)(jian)(jian),前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)各三間(jian)(jian)(jian),皆為單檐硬山式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑形(xing)式,具有(you)突(tu)出(chu)的明代(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑風格。門前(qian)(qian)有(you)元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)和尚雪庵墓塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),寺(si)(si)東山上有(you)金代(dai)(dai)(dai)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)兩座,名曰:“雙(shuang)峰塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)”,是千(qian)山現存最早的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑遺存。據(ju)碑(bei)(bei)刻,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)唐(tang)前(qian)(qian)或唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)(dai),興于遼、金、元(yuan)(yuan)。明正德(de)年間(jian)(jian)(jian)重建(jian)(jian)(jian)于新址(zhi),嗣后,又經清雍正十(shi)年(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1732年)、乾隆十(shi)七年9公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1752年)、道(dao)光十(shi)七年(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1837年)、光緒十(shi)年(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1884年)、民國年間(jian)(jian)(jian)相繼維修,擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)今日之規模,“文化大革命”中,塑像、殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇、碑(bei)(bei)墓被(bei)砸毀,著(zhu)名的雪塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta) 、香(xiang)亭子(zi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)、鸚哥(ge)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和數(shu)座元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)、明代(dai)(dai)(dai)墓塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)被(bei)拆,八(ba)座明、清古碑(bei)(bei)被(bei)推倒(dao),其(qi)中三甬(yong)被(bei)砸碎(包括一甬(yong)明正德(de)年間(jian)(jian)(jian)碑(bei)(bei)),1986年兩次國家投資對殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇進行了大修。

中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)寺(si)位于千山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)溝(gou),現存建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)清后修建(jian)(jian)(jian)。中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)寺(si)分為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門、禪堂(tang)、大殿(dian)(dian)三(san)個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群,南北(bei)一字排列,中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)寺(si)分上下兩層(ceng)殿(dian)(dian),后殿(dian)(dian)依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),前殿(dian)(dian)瀕(bin)澗,布局(ju)十(shi)分精巧,整(zheng)個寺(si)院(yuan)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群都在(zai)磚(zhuan)石砌(qi)成(cheng)的(de)大墻之內。主要由牌坊、天(tian)地樓(lou)(lou)、念佛堂(tang)、后閣、天(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)、鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)、大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)、毗盧殿(dian)(dian)等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)組成(cheng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門建(jian)(jian)(jian)于民國23年(nian)(1934年(nian)),面向東,南抵山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡,北(bei)臨谷。禪堂(tang)位于韋陀殿(dian)(dian)下方(fang)旁(pang),俗稱經(jing)堂(tang),為(wei)(wei)下院(yuan)主殿(dian)(dian),硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi),面積(ji)94.5平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),磚(zhuan)木結構。天(tian)地樓(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于清代,是中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)寺(si)中(zhong)(zhong)一幢特殊建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),重樓(lou)(lou)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),上下兩層(ceng),為(wei)(wei)蕪(wu)殿(dian)(dian)頂式(shi)(shi)(shi),建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)21平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),磚(zhuan)木結構。釋迦殿(dian)(dian)重建(jian)(jian)(jian)于明萬歷八(ba)年(nian)(公元1580年(nian)),硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi),面積(ji)100平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。韋陀殿(dian)(dian)位于大殿(dian)(dian)對面,一間,面積(ji)36平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),磚(zhuan)木結構。鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)位于韋陀殿(dian)(dian)兩側(ce)。大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)與(yu)韋陀殿(dian)(dian)相對,三(san)間,為(wei)(wei)硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。東西配房(fang)各三(san)間,均為(wei)(wei)硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。

祖越(yue)寺(si)位于千山北溝,相(xiang)傳始建于唐,建寺(si)時有(you)高僧(seng)傳古祖師從寺(si)經過,講經說法時有(you)“天花亂墜,地涌(yong)金蓮”這樣不可(ke)思議之妙景出現,故改名為(wei)祖越(yue)寺(si)。現存建筑(zhu)均為(wei)清(qing)代(dai)(dai)后(hou)期修建。其(qi)(qi)建筑(zhu)有(you)正殿(dian)(dian)(釋迦(jia)殿(dian)(dian))韋馱殿(dian)(dian),胡仙(xian)堂,鐘樓、鼓樓、東西配房(fang),客(ke)堂等共15幢二十三間(jian)殿(dian)(dian)宇。寺(si)前有(you)兩座石塔(ta),其(qi)(qi)建筑(zhu)亭閣式(shi)實(shi)心結構,為(wei)金元時期建筑(zhu),寺(si)內有(you)大(da)缸(gang)兩口,及茶(cha)葉沫釉,粗瓷缸(gang)胎(tai),為(wei)明代(dai)(dai)遺(yi)物。

寺(si)后,前(qian)崖石壁(bi)上(shang)刻有(you):“明隆(long)慶(qing)三年(nian)巡遼(liao)待御題”的(de)《獨鎮群(qun)丘》及(ji)豎刻“含(han)澤宣氣”四(si)(si)個小(xiao)字。寺(si)外東100米,有(you)新建涼亭(ting)一座,因涼亭(ting)四(si)(si)周有(you)四(si)(si)棵高大的(de)松(song)樹,故名“四(si)(si)松(song)亭(ting)”。又因其亭(ting)為(wei)六角,亦稱(cheng)“六角亭(ting)”。

大安(an)寺(si)位于千(qian)(qian)山南(nan)部(bu)文殊、普賢(xian)南(nan)坳谷中,是(shi)佛(fo)教傳入千(qian)(qian)山最早開發地之一,相(xiang)傳建于唐代(dai),明崇貞九(jiu)年(公元1636年),清太宗(zong)(皇太極(ji))曾(ceng)向大安(an)寺(si)拔(ba)僧侶十名,供給(gei)衣糧,后來發生火(huo)災,殿宇被毆,藏經被焚。清道光(guang)四年(公元1824年),又重修廟宇,道光(guang)十三年(公元1833年)又增(zeng)建配房(fang)。

大(da)安寺是由山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)、韋陀殿(dian)(dian)、大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)等組(zu)成,南北160米,東(dong)西140米。寺內現存:正殿(dian)(dian)、前殿(dian)(dian)、后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)、鐘(zhong)樓、廚房(fang)、倉庫(ku)房(fang)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)、禪堂(tang)、客(ke)堂(tang)、胡仙堂(tang)、碾(nian)房(fang)、東(dong)西配殿(dian)(dian)等,三十余間,大(da)殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)單檐硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)形式(shi),磚石(shi)木結(jie)構(gou)(gou),韋馱殿(dian)(dian)三間,為(wei)單檐硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi),鐘(zhong)樓位于山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)東(dong)上(shang)方(fang)(fang),重樓歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu),底層(ceng)為(wei)磚砌拱門(men)(men)。還有西閣(ge)、白虎殿(dian)(dian)遺址、羅漢洞(dong)等。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)外(wai)兩傍有青石(shi)獅(shi)子(zi)一對,分列兩邊,置須(xu)彌座上(shang),造(zao)型生動,此石(shi)獅(shi)子(zi)為(wei)方(fang)(fang)丈童(tong)靈于民(min)國(guo)24年(公元1935年)立。鐘(zhong)樓是歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu),磚木結(jie)構(gou)(gou),樓內有明代嘉(jia)靖九年所(suo)鑄鐵鐘(zhong)一口。

無(wu)量(liang)觀(guan)(guan)或稱(cheng)無(wu)梁觀(guan)(guan),傳因初建時(shi)無(wu)梁而得名。清代(dai)康熙(xi)六年(nian)(1667)道教(jiao)全(quan)真龍門派(pai)第八代(dai)弟(di)子劉太琳創(chuang)建,后屢有修(xiu)繕。無(wu)量(liang)觀(guan)(guan)是千山修(xiu)建最早(zao)的一(yi)座(zuo)道觀(guan)(guan),其(qi)建筑規(gui)模之大,優美風景之多雄冠千山之首(shou),據《遼陽(yang)縣志》記載,無(wu)量(liang)觀(guan)(guan)創(chuang)建于(yu)康熙(xi)六年(nian)(公元(yuan)1661年(nian))。

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