2005年7月—2006年11月,為(wei)配合赤峰(feng)市三(san)座店水利樞紐工(gong)程建設,內(nei)蒙(meng)古文(wen)物(wu)考古研(yan)究所(suo)對三(san)座店石城遺(yi)址(zhi)進行了(le)搶救性發(fa)掘,揭露了(le)一處(chu)保(bao)存(cun)完(wan)整、布局清楚(chu)的石城遺(yi)址(zhi)。
考(kao)古發(fa)掘共揭露面(mian)積(ji)(ji)9000多(duo)平方米,包(bao)括(kuo)大城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)絕(jue)大部(bu)(bu)分和小城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)全部(bu)(bu)。清(qing)理的(de)(de)遺(yi)跡有石砌的(de)(de)圓形建筑基(ji)址、半(ban)圓形建筑基(ji)址、窖坑以及(ji)石墻(qiang)、積(ji)(ji)石臺和零(ling)星(xing)墓(mu)葬。特別是(shi)規(gui)模巨(ju)大的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)及(ji)其星(xing)列(lie)的(de)(de)馬面(mian)遺(yi)跡,蔚為壯觀。上(shang)述遺(yi)跡的(de)(de)時代絕(jue)大部(bu)(bu)分屬(shu)青銅時代夏家(jia)店下(xia)層文化(hua),包(bao)括(kuo)石城(cheng)(cheng)本身,只有積(ji)(ji)石臺遺(yi)跡屬(shu)夏家(jia)店上(shang)層文化(hua)。此外,遺(yi)址中還可以見到少量紅山文化(hua)時期的(de)(de)陶(tao)片。
夏(xia)(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),距今4000~3500年左(zuo)右,赤峰(feng)地(di)區是(shi)(shi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區,老哈河及(ji)其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)支流是(shi)(shi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區,沿河兩岸的(de)(de)臺地(di)及(ji)附近的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頭上,分(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)著密集的(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),無論數量和類型(xing)都十分(fen)可觀。其(qi)中(zhong)有四處遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已被列入全國文(wen)物保護單(dan)位,即大(da)(da)甸子(zi)墓地(di)、城子(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群和架子(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)密布(bu)(bu)(bu)于英(ying)金河、陰河流域的(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)城帶很具有代表(biao)性,三(san)座(zuo)店(dian)(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即是(shi)(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)個,三(san)座(zuo)店(dian)(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬夏(xia)(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)城類型(xing)。目(mu)前,經過(guo)發(fa)(fa)掘的(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)類型(xing)的(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有十幾處,其(qi)中(zhong)也有象大(da)(da)甸子(zi)和大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)前那樣(yang)經過(guo)大(da)(da)規模發(fa)(fa)掘的(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),但經過(guo)大(da)(da)規模揭(jie)露的(de)(de)完整石(shi)(shi)城僅(jin)三(san)座(zuo)店(dian)(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)處。
夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)下層(ceng)(ceng)文化(hua)山(shan)(shan)城(cheng)類型(xing)是(shi)中國(guo)北(bei)方地區自有(you)人類以來以“城(cheng)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚落形態,石砌圓形建筑與城(cheng)墻馬面在夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)下層(ceng)(ceng)文化(hua)山(shan)(shan)城(cheng)中特別突出。而三座店(dian)石城(cheng)遺址規模壯觀、保存完(wan)整(zheng)、布局清(qing)晰(xi),正是(shi)對這類山(shan)(shan)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再現(xian),對于研究夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)下層(ceng)(ceng)山(shan)(shan)城(cheng)性質(zhi)、遼西地區早期國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)及青銅時代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚落考古等考古領域來說,無(wu)疑增添(tian)一(yi)份具有(you)豐富內涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個案(an)資(zi)料。對遺址進行原狀展示(shi),對于深層(ceng)(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多學科(ke)后(hou)續研究將起到帶(dai)動全局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。