男女裸(luo)像青(qing)銅(tong)短劍(jian)、狐尾形飾、鈴型器、狩獵紋銅(tong)環、銅(tong)刀(dao)、陶盆(pen)、陶鼎、陶碗(wan)、紅陶罐等物品(pin),其中男女裸(luo)像青(qing)銅(tong)短劍(jian)的(de)(de)出土在青(qing)銅(tong)劍(jian)中尚屬發(fa)現,而且(qie)迄今(jin)僅此(ci)一件,其稀貴自不(bu)待言(yan),同(tong)時也顯示此(ci)劍(jian)的(de)(de)使用者具(ju)有(you)特(te)殊的(de)(de)身份。
青銅(tong)短劍是我國古代流(liu)行北方地區的(de)(de)一種短兵器,考古發(fa)現(xian)頗多,分(fen)布(bu)在南起河北望城,北達吉林懷德(de),東自遼東半島,西(xi)至內蒙古西(xi)部杭錦旗及山(shan)西(xi)保德(de)的(de)(de)廣大范(fan)圍內,從 商代晚期出現(xian)直到戰國中(zhong)晚期,是我國北方青銅(tong)文化的(de)(de)一種富有地區特點的(de)(de)遺(yi)物(wu)。
陰陽青銅短(duan)劍(jian)為春秋時期(qi)器物,通(tong)長32厘(li)(li)米,柄長10厘(li)(li)米,刃寬(kuan)4.2厘(li)(li)米,1958年內蒙(meng)古赤峰市寧城縣南山根遺址出土,內蒙(meng)古自治區博(bo)物館藏。短(duan)劍(jian)造型作直(zhi)柄曲(qu)刃,整(zheng)體一次鑄(zhu)成,劍(jian)身有(you)脊,橫斷面(mian)(mian)呈八棱形,柄與劍(jian)身之間有(you)半月形護手(shou),柄扁圓,兩面(mian)(mian)各(ge)鑄(zhu)裸(luo)體人像,一面(mian)(mian)為男,一面(mian)(mian)為女(nv),二面(mian)(mian)相雷(lei)同。
青(qing)銅短劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)多樣(yang),有曲柄(bing)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),柳葉(xie)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及曲刃(ren)(ren)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)三種形(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi),以曲柄(bing)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)年代早,曲刃(ren)(ren)晚。劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)是青(qing)銅短劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)富裝飾的(de)(de)部分,常見(jian)在劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)上飾幾何紋、螺旋(xuan)紋、羽狀紋、圓點(dian)方格紋、動物紋等。柄(bing)首則作(zuo)獸頭(tou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、鳥(niao)頭(tou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、雙環形(xing)(xing)(xing)、蘑菇形(xing)(xing)(xing)等,劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)裝飾以動物形(xing)(xing)(xing),體現了(le)游牧(mu)民族的(de)(de)文化風格,此件曲刃(ren)(ren)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以裸體男女像作(zuo)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)之裝飾顯(xian)得(de)特突出(chu),在青(qing)銅劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中尚屬發現,而且迄今僅此一件,其稀貴自不待言,同時也(ye)顯(xian)示此劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)使用者具有特殊的(de)(de)身份。
夏(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)下層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、夏(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)上層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)都(dou)因發現于(yu)松山(shan)區王(wang)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)鄉夏(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)村而(er)得名(ming),為中國北(bei)方(fang)(fang)青銅(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。青銅(tong)(tong)時(shi)代在中國主(zhu)要(yao)指夏(xia)(xia)、商(shang)、周(zhou)至春秋時(shi)期。夏(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)下層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)距今4000年左右,為中國北(bei)方(fang)(fang)早期青銅(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua),范圍以赤峰為中心(xin),東至遼寧西(xi)部,南(nan)達京津地(di)區,西(xi)到(dao)張家(jia)(jia)口以東,北(bei)抵西(xi)拉沐淪(lun)河流(liu)域(yu),其中大量山(shan)城遺址(zhi)引人(ren)注目。夏(xia)(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)下層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)經濟結構以農業(ye)(ye)為主(zhu),兼(jian)畜牧業(ye)(ye)和狩獵。主(zhu)要(yao)農業(ye)(ye)作(zuo)物為粟和稷,其農業(ye)(ye)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)不晚于(yu)中原地(di)區。出土的(de)(de)彩繪(hui)陶器系用紅白(bai)兩彩在烘制后的(de)(de)陶器上繪(hui)有(you)饕餮紋、云(yun)雷紋、蟠螭紋、龜蛇(she)紋等(deng)圖案,與商(shang)周(zhou)時(shi)期青銅(tong)(tong)器同等(deng)重要(yao)。
夏(xia)家(jia)店上層文(wen)化屬晚(wan)期青(qing)銅文(wen)化,距今3000年左(zuo)右,分布范圍北(bei)至(zhi)查干沐(mu)淪(lun)河(he)、烏爾吉沐(mu)淪(lun)河(he)流域,東(dong)南到凌河(he)上游,東(dong)北(bei)至(zhi)敖來河(he)、孟(meng)克(ke)河(he),西南達(da)承德地區,以西拉沐(mu)淪(lun)河(he)和(he)老哈河(he)流域密集,系中(zhong)華(hua)民族影響較大(da)(da)的北(bei)方少(shao)數民族東(dong)胡族所創造(zao),被史學(xue)界稱為“東(dong)胡文(wen)化”。先后出(chu)土了(le)多為本土鑄造(zao)的大(da)(da)量青(qing)銅器,融中(zhong)原和(he)漠北(bei)青(qing)銅文(wen)化于(yu)一體,與(yu)中(zhong)原同期青(qing)銅文(wen)明(ming)(ming)互(hu)相影響、互(hu)見短長,工藝精湛,特色鮮明(ming)(ming)。