芒果视频下载

簡介

塔里(li)(li)(li)他里(li)(li)(li)哈遺(yi)址位于(yu)青海省海西(xi)蒙(meng)古族(zu)(zu)藏(zang)族(zu)(zu)自治州都蘭縣諾木(mu)(mu)(mu)洪鄉諾木(mu)(mu)(mu)洪農(nong)場二(er)大(da)(da)(da)隊三中(zhong)隊駐地南。遺(yi)址面積(ji)約250×250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),塔里(li)(li)(li)他里(li)(li)(li)哈蒙(meng)古語是(shi)火燒過(guo)的(de)山或灰山之意(yi),遺(yi)址由三個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)山包組(zu)成(cheng)。1959年,青海省文物管(guan)理(li)委員會及(ji)中(zhong)國科學院考古研究所對遺(yi)址進行了(le)試掘。共(gong)發(fa)掘面積(ji)約260平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),清理(li)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坯(pi)(pi)圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)一處(chu)、房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)8座(zuo)、灰坑(keng)9個(ge)(ge)、圍(wei)(wei)攔1座(zuo)、墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)3座(zuo)。出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物7000余件(包括陶片)。遺(yi)址文化堆積(ji)可分(fen)七層,七層中(zhong)遺(yi)物基本差別不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)。第三、四層中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坯(pi)(pi)圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坯(pi)(pi)圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)可分(fen)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)兩(liang)種但都不(bu)(bu)太規整(zheng)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坯(pi)(pi)用黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)摻少量(liang)炭灰脫模而成(cheng),多為長方形(xing)(xing),大(da)(da)(da)體在38×48厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右。壘砌方法(fa)是(shi)平鋪錯縫,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坯(pi)(pi)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坯(pi)(pi)之間(jian)夾一層草葉(xie)泥。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坯(pi)(pi)圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)部殘缺不(bu)(bu)全,墻(qiang)底寬146厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上寬138厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高不(bu)(bu)足100厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)分(fen)方形(xing)(xing)和圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)兩(liang)種。地面式土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)結構,房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)四壁豎立木(mu)(mu)(mu)柱,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坯(pi)(pi)砌筑(zhu)墻(qiang)體,留(liu)有(you)門(men)窗,屋(wu)(wu)內(nei)用黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)混細砂(sha)鋪墊,設有(you)灶坑(keng)。圍(wei)(wei)欄系用樹(shu)枝(zhi)及(ji)木(mu)(mu)(mu)樁排(pai)插(cha)而成(cheng),類似籬笆,呈不(bu)(bu)規則三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),長330厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬處(chu)660厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),圍(wei)(wei)欄內(nei)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)牲畜(chu)糞(fen)便,應為牲畜(chu)圈欄。墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)三座(zuo)都是(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坑(keng)甕棺(guan)葬(zang)(zang),甕棺(guan)系用直口(kou)缸和大(da)(da)(da)口(kou)罐對接組(zu)成(cheng),皆(jie)為兒童墓(mu),有(you)的(de)頭骨涂(tu)有(you)紅色粉末。

出土文物

出土遺物中,生產工具有銅器、骨器、石器、角器、陶器、木器。銅器有銅斧、銅刀、銅、銅鏃；石器有石斧、石(shi)鏃、石(shi)錛、石(shi)鑿、石(shi)刀(dao)、石(shi)杵、研磨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)球、石(shi)紡(fang)(fang)輪(lun)、礪石(shi)；骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)骨鏟(chan)、骨鑿、骨刀(dao)、骨針、骨鏃、骨椎(zhui)、骨紡(fang)(fang)輪(lun)；角(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)鏟(chan)、槍形(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；木(mu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)木(mu)紡(fang)(fang)輪(lun)、車轂；陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)紡(fang)(fang)輪(lun)、陶(tao)(tao)(tao)球等(deng)。這些生產工(gong)具以兩側附(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)凹(ao)槽石(shi)斧,及(ji)用(yong)大(da)牲畜肩胛骨制成的(de)在骨臼(jiu)處(chu)帶有(you)(you)(you)(you)長方形(xing)銎(qiong)，可裝插木(mu)把(ba)的(de)骨鏟(chan)具特(te)色。生活用(yong)具主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)都(dou)是加(jia)砂陶(tao)(tao)(tao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)灰、紅(hong)兩類,以灰陶(tao)(tao)(tao)較(jiao)多(duo)。制法主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)泥條(tiao)盤筑手制,小(xiao)型器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)用(yong)手捏制而成。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)底部(bu)大(da)都(dou)為套接,平底器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)用(yong)于凹(ao)底或殘圈足器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)表(biao)面多(duo)進行磨光,個別的(de)還(huan)加(jia)一層白色陶(tao)(tao)(tao)衣。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)除(chu)素(su)面外(wai),有(you)(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)繪、席紋(wen)、壓印紋(wen)、堆紋(wen)、錐(zhui)刺紋(wen)等(deng)裝飾,以壓印紋(wen)多(duo),未見繩(sheng)紋(wen)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)口(kou)罐(guan)(guan)、雙耳(er)罐(guan)(guan)、單(dan)耳(er)罐(guan)(guan)、無耳(er)小(xiao)罐(guan)(guan)、四耳(er)罐(guan)(guan)、直口(kou)缸、盆、附(fu)耳(er)盆、四紐盆、碗、杯等(deng)。遺(yi) 址中還(huan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)毛(mao)(mao)布、毛(mao)(mao)繩(sheng)、毛(mao)(mao)帶以及(ji)石(shi)珠、笛形(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨哨、小(xiao)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)牦牛等(deng)。塔(ta)里他里哈遺(yi)址是諾(nuo)木(mu)洪文(wen)(wen)化命名(ming)地(di),也是諾(nuo)木(mu)洪文(wen)(wen)化具代(dai)表(biao)性的(de)遺(yi)址。其文(wen)(wen)化內(nei)涵除(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)獨特(te)個性外(wai),諸(zhu)多(duo)因素(su)與(yu)卡約文(wen)(wen)化有(you)(you)(you)(you)關聯,如陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制作方法與(yu)卡約文(wen)(wen)化相同,器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)也與(yu)卡約文(wen)(wen)化相似,遺(yi)址中出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)五孔(kong)銅與(yu)湟中縣潘(pan)家梁墓(mu)地(di)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)銅相比,除(chu)了少(shao)兩個孔(kong)外(wai),形(xing)制幾乎無差別。諾(nuo)木(mu)洪遺(yi)址系省級文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位。