芒果视频下载

簡介

塔(ta)里他里哈(ha)(ha)遺(yi)址(zhi)位于青海省海西蒙古(gu)族(zu)(zu)藏族(zu)(zu)自治州都蘭縣(xian)諾木洪(hong)鄉(xiang)諾木洪(hong)農場二大(da)(da)隊(dui)三(san)中(zhong)隊(dui)駐地南。遺(yi)址(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約250×250米,塔(ta)里他里哈(ha)(ha)蒙古(gu)語是(shi)火(huo)燒過的山或(huo)灰(hui)山之意,遺(yi)址(zhi)由三(san)個(ge)小山包(bao)組成(cheng)。1959年,青海省文物管理委員會及中(zhong)國科學院考(kao)古(gu)研究所對(dui)遺(yi)址(zhi)進行(xing)了試掘。共發(fa)(fa)掘面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約260平(ping)方米,清理土(tu)(tu)坯(pi)圍(wei)墻一(yi)處(chu)、房(fang)(fang)屋8座(zuo)、灰(hui)坑(keng)9個(ge)、圍(wei)攔1座(zuo)、墓葬(zang)3座(zuo)。出土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物7000余件(包(bao)括陶片)。遺(yi)址(zhi)文化堆積(ji)(ji)可分(fen)七層(ceng),七層(ceng)中(zhong)遺(yi)物基本差別不大(da)(da)。第三(san)、四層(ceng)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)土(tu)(tu)坯(pi)圍(wei)墻,土(tu)(tu)坯(pi)圍(wei)墻可分(fen)圓形(xing)、橢圓形(xing)兩種(zhong)但都不太規(gui)(gui)整。土(tu)(tu)坯(pi)用(yong)黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)摻少(shao)量炭灰(hui)脫模而成(cheng),多為(wei)長(chang)方形(xing),大(da)(da)體在38×48厘(li)米左(zuo)右。壘砌(qi)方法是(shi)平(ping)鋪錯縫,土(tu)(tu)坯(pi)與土(tu)(tu)坯(pi)之間夾一(yi)層(ceng)草葉泥。土(tu)(tu)坯(pi)圍(wei)墻大(da)(da)部殘(can)缺不全(quan),墻底(di)寬(kuan)146厘(li)米,上(shang)寬(kuan)138厘(li)米,殘(can)高不足(zu)100厘(li)米。房(fang)(fang)屋分(fen)方形(xing)和(he)圓形(xing)兩種(zhong)。地面(mian)式(shi)土(tu)(tu)木結構,房(fang)(fang)屋四壁豎(shu)立木柱,土(tu)(tu)坯(pi)砌(qi)筑墻體,留有(you)門窗,屋內用(yong)黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)混細砂鋪墊,設有(you)灶坑(keng)。圍(wei)欄系(xi)用(yong)樹(shu)枝(zhi)及木樁排(pai)插而成(cheng),類似籬笆,呈不規(gui)(gui)則(ze)三(san)角形(xing),長(chang)330厘(li)米、寬(kuan)處(chu)660厘(li)米,圍(wei)欄內有(you)大(da)(da)量的牲畜糞便(bian),應為(wei)牲畜圈欄。墓葬(zang)三(san)座(zuo)都是(shi)土(tu)(tu)坑(keng)甕(weng)棺(guan)葬(zang),甕(weng)棺(guan)系(xi)用(yong)直(zhi)口(kou)缸(gang)和(he)大(da)(da)口(kou)罐對(dui)接組成(cheng),皆為(wei)兒童墓,有(you)的頭骨涂有(you)紅(hong)色粉末。

出土文物

出土遺物中,生產工具有銅器、骨器、石器、角器、陶器、木器。銅器有銅斧、銅刀、銅、銅鏃；石器有石斧、石(shi)(shi)鏃、石(shi)(shi)錛(ben)、石(shi)(shi)鑿、石(shi)(shi)刀、石(shi)(shi)杵、研磨器(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)球、石(shi)(shi)紡(fang)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、礪石(shi)(shi)；骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鏟(chan)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鑿、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)刀、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)針、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鏃、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)椎、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)紡(fang)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)；角器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)角鏟(chan)、槍形(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；木(mu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)木(mu)紡(fang)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、車(che)轂；陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)紡(fang)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)球等(deng)。這些(xie)生產工具(ju)(ju)以(yi)兩側附(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)凹槽石(shi)(shi)斧,及用大牲畜肩(jian)胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制(zhi)成(cheng)的(de)(de)在骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)臼處(chu)帶有(you)(you)(you)(you)長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)銎，可裝插(cha)木(mu)把的(de)(de)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鏟(chan)具(ju)(ju)特色。生活用具(ju)(ju)主要是陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)都是加砂陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)灰(hui)、紅兩類,以(yi)灰(hui)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)較(jiao)多。制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)主要用泥條盤筑(zhu)手(shou)制(zhi),小型器(qi)(qi)(qi)物有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)用手(shou)捏制(zhi)而成(cheng)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)底(di)(di)部大都為套接(jie),平底(di)(di)器(qi)(qi)(qi)多用于(yu)凹底(di)(di)或殘(can)圈足器(qi)(qi)(qi),器(qi)(qi)(qi)物表(biao)面多進行磨光,個別的(de)(de)還(huan)加一層(ceng)白色陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)衣。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)除素面外,有(you)(you)(you)(you)彩繪、席(xi)紋、壓(ya)印紋、堆紋、錐刺紋等(deng)裝飾,以(yi)壓(ya)印紋多,未見(jian)繩(sheng)(sheng)紋。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大口罐(guan)、雙耳罐(guan)、單耳罐(guan)、無耳小罐(guan)、四耳罐(guan)、直(zhi)口缸、盆、附(fu)耳盆、四紐盆、碗、杯等(deng)。遺(yi) 址中(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)出有(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)毛布(bu)、毛繩(sheng)(sheng)、毛帶以(yi)及石(shi)(shi)珠(zhu)、笛形(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)哨、小陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)牦(mao)牛(niu)等(deng)。塔里(li)他里(li)哈遺(yi)址是諾(nuo)木(mu)洪(hong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)命名地(di),也是諾(nuo)木(mu)洪(hong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)具(ju)(ju)代表(biao)性(xing)的(de)(de)遺(yi)址。其(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)內涵除有(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)己的(de)(de)獨(du)特個性(xing)外,諸(zhu)多因素與(yu)卡(ka)約(yue)(yue)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關聯,如(ru)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)作(zuo)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)與(yu)卡(ka)約(yue)(yue)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)相同,器(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)也與(yu)卡(ka)約(yue)(yue)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)相似,遺(yi)址中(zhong)(zhong)出的(de)(de)五孔(kong)銅與(yu)湟中(zhong)(zhong)縣潘(pan)家梁墓地(di)出的(de)(de)銅相比,除了少兩個孔(kong)外,形(xing)(xing)制(zhi)幾乎無差別。諾(nuo)木(mu)洪(hong)遺(yi)址系省級(ji)文(wen)(wen)物保護單位(wei)。