民國時(shi)(shi)期編(bian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的《貴(gui)德(de)(de)縣志(zhi)(zhi)稿》載:“文(wen)昌廟,在城(cheng)西十(shi)二里古邊墻外(wai),依(yi)山傍嶺,河流縈繞,漢藏信仰,士(shi)民供(gong)奉,每逢(feng)朔望,香煙(yan)甚盛,有(you)事祈(qi)禱,靈(ling)驗顯著,久為漢藏祈(qi)福消災之(zhi)所(suo)。……”又據(ju)1962年(nian)(nian)朱輯吾編(bian)《貴(gui)德(de)(de)縣續志(zhi)(zhi)稿》(油印簡本修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)改稿)記載:“貴(gui)德(de)(de)距城(cheng)西四(si)十(shi)里,舊有(you)文(wen)昌廟,創自前(qian)明。……清同治六年(nian)(nian)(1867年(nian)(nian))悉遭焚毀,……同知十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1874年(nian)(nian))開(kai)始重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),光緒二年(nian)(nian)(1876年(nian)(nian))落(luo)成矣。”相傳重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)時(shi)(shi),動工之(zhi)前(qian)所(suo)備(bei)木料被洪水沖至(zhi)今址堆積(ji),故(gu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)于此(ci)。原(yuan)建(jian)筑分3個平臺,以階梯而建(jian),其規模雖小,卻金碧輝煌。
文昌宮距縣城4公里的(de)(de)河西下排村山(shan)坪山(shan)根下,建于元(yuan)朝(chao)初期(公元(yuan)1179年(nian)(nian)),距今有(you)(you)(you)800多(duo)年(nian)(nian)歷史。后逐年(nian)(nian)建造,到明(ming)朝(chao)洪武年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1368年(nian)(nian))已全部(bu)建成,大(da)殿(dian)(dian)用玻璃瓦蓋頂(ding),在陽光的(de)(de)照映(ying)下,愈發(fa)顯的(de)(de)流(liu)光溢彩(cai)和(he)(he)莊重(zhong)。西面角院平房16間(jian),東樓魁圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)上下12間(jian),內塑有(you)(you)(you)魁圣(sheng)像(xiang)(xiang)一位,南北樓上下12間(jian),全部(bu)用灰瓦蓋頂(ding),除大(da)殿(dian)(dian)塑有(you)(you)(you)文昌和(he)(he)侍從五位外,其他(ta)都(dou)是畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)。在文昌爺(ye)(ye)神像(xiang)(xiang)中裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)十世班(ban)禪大(da)師的(de)(de)密封經卷一份,大(da)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側塑有(you)(you)(you)馬王(wang)爺(ye)(ye)兩(liang)位,神馬一匹(pi),神騾一匹(pi)(所說的(de)(de)千里駒)。并有(you)(you)(you)鐘(zhong)樓、鼓(gu)樓、三道牌坊門等共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)80余間(jian),布局嚴(yan)謹,結構(gou)精(jing)巧,雕(diao)梁畫(hua)棟,樓閣錯落有(you)(you)(you)致,富(fu)麗典雅,氣勢雄(xiong)偉(wei)。
1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)后,文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)廟(miao)(miao)又遭(zao)破壞(huai),原建筑物蕩然無(wu)存。1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)由縣內(nei)外漢、藏(zang)族信奉者自(zi)發捐資出力,有(you)(you)上(shang)、下劉屯、格爾加、下排等村鄉老秦國福(fu)、何世義、王(wang)守謙、化(hua)藏(zang)、朋(peng)毛等12人多次倡議,并(bing)自(zi)行(xing)組(zu)成文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)廟(miao)(miao)籌建組(zu),從(cong)1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)1995年(nian)(nian)(nian),歷經10余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),在(zai)舊遺址上(shang)按原規模復(fu)建。全部(bu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂依原樣在(zai)山(shan)坪坡辟三個平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)而(er)建,形成梯級式(shi)廟(miao)(miao)宇。登石階而(er)上(shang)一(yi)個平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)建有(you)(you)山(shan)門;二平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)三面建有(you)(you)樓(lou)閣(ge),東樓(lou)為(wei)奎星閣(ge),塑(su)有(you)(you)奎星站像(xiang)(xiang),南、北(bei)兩角為(wei)鐘鼓樓(lou),北(bei)樓(lou)為(wei)火(huo)祖閣(ge),塑(su)有(you)(you)火(huo)神、牛王(wang)、馬祖三尊像(xiang)(xiang)。南樓(lou)為(wei)娘(niang)娘(niang)閣(ge),塑(su)有(you)(you)王(wang)母、送子、獻花娘(niang)娘(niang)三尊像(xiang)(xiang);三平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)正(zheng)(zheng)中上(shang)方建有(you)(you)雄偉的歇山(shan)頂式(shi)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian),高10米,正(zheng)(zheng)面闊(kuo)5間,進深3間(8米,包括廊檐),大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)磚木結構(gou)歇山(shan)頂式(shi)橫坊(fang)斗拱建筑,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂為(wei)琉璃(li)瓦脊,屋面亦蓋有(you)(you)琉璃(li)瓦。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)塑(su)有(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)坐像(xiang)(xiang),兩旁塑(su)有(you)(you)“天聾”、“地啞”侍從(cong)立(li)像(xiang)(xiang)。據傳,文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)姓劉,曾是出門落難之(zhi)人,所以(yi)對(dui)出門避災躲(duo)難和游外求(qiu)乞無(wu)家可歸者關心(xin)備至(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)求(qiu)之(zhi)即顯靈托之(zhi)恩德。故漢、藏(zang)信徒(tu)十分虔誠文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)佛祖。農歷二月初三為(wei)文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)生日(ri),舉(ju)行(xing)祭祖活動,特別(bie)每逢(feng)農歷正(zheng)(zheng)月初一(yi)、十五,信徒(tu)不絕于廟(miao)(miao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),敬香點燈、煨桑(sang)磕頭,百般崇(chong)敬。
文昌(chang)廟整個建(jian)筑(zhu)布局嚴謹,結構精巧,錯(cuo)落有致,雕(diao)梁畫棟(dong),氣勢雄(xiong)偉,金(jin)碧(bi)輝煌,堪稱(cheng)貴德廟宇(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)之最。
自新(xin)建廟(miao)殿以(yi)來,往來信奉(feng)者不(bu)亞于(yu)當(dang)年。而更有甚(shen)者,每(mei)逢朔、望(wang)日(ri),漢(han)、藏(zang)奉(feng)信者絡繹不(bu)絕,赴廟(miao)叩首(shou)。特別是除夕之夜(ye),貴德三河(he)地(di)區的信仰(yang)者,徹夜(ye)不(bu)眠(mian),車水馬龍(long),爭(zheng)相赴廟(miao)敬上頭株(zhu)香。
此外,在貴德縣城(cheng)西8公(gong)里的河西鄉貢(gong)拜村亦建(jian)有文昌廟,始建(jian)于(yu)清(qing)代。原(yuan)建(jian)筑有大(da)殿(dian)(dian)1座,面(mian)闊(kuo)9間(jian),廊房(fang)4間(jian),2層鐘、鼓樓(lou)各1間(jian)。原(yuan)建(jian)筑均(jun)毀于(yu)1966年“文革”中(zhong)。1980年后,當(dang)地群眾自發集資(zi)重修(xiu)鐘樓(lou)、大(da)殿(dian)(dian)等,新建(jian)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)面(mian)闊(kuo)3間(jian),進深(shen)3間(jian),為(wei)木(mu)梁架仁板,板瓦土木(mu)結構建(jian)筑。