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人文歷史

百壽坊(fang)，亦稱朱(zhu)家牌坊(fang)，清乾隆三十年（1765年）為翰林院孔目贈(zeng)儒林郎朱(zhu)叔琪(qi)妻孔氏(shi)而(er)建(jian)(jian)，因雕有一百個不同書體的(de)壽字而(er)得名(ming)。坊(fang)以青(qing)色魚子(zi)狀石灰(hui)巖構成，通高l3米、寬(kuan)8米，四柱三間三層樓(lou)閣式建(jian)(jian)筑。

百獅(shi)坊獨特之(zhi)(zhi)處，牌坊坊座雕(diao)有8頭矯健雄(xiong)獅(shi)昂(ang)首遠望，8條出水蚊龍繞柱回(hui)舞(wu)，額枋(fang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)飾(shi)滿(man)盛(sheng)開牡(mu)丹，與(yu)正間(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下額枋(fang)祥云(yun)間(jian)翩(pian)翩(pian)飛舞(wu)的5只透雕(diao)仙鶴、次間(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)額枋(fang)浮雕(diao)的相對翱(ao)翔之(zhi)(zhi)鸞鳳構(gou)成了具有無窮魅力之(zhi)(zhi)藝(yi)術佳作(zuo)，寓意“福壽萬年”、“富貴無媲”或“喜上(shang)(shang)(shang)眉梢”。

藝術特色

百壽坊雕(diao)(diao)刻內容除獅、龍(long)、牡丹外，還有鶴、鳳、梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)等奇(qi)(qi)花(hua)異卉(hui)。其(qi)構筑精(jing)巧(qiao)宏偉，雕(diao)(diao)刻精(jing)致生(sheng)動(dong)，可與百獅坊媲美。甭說那(nei)矯捷神俊的雄獅，繞柱(zhu)回舞的蛟龍(long)，滿(man)飾額枋(fang)的牡丹，單說那(nei)正間上(shang)下(xia)額枋(fang)祥(xiang)云間翩翩飛舞的五只透雕(diao)(diao)仙鶴和次(ci)間上(shang)額枋(fang)浮雕(diao)(diao)的引頸(jing)鳴唱、相對翱翔(xiang)的雙鳳，就有無窮(qiong)的魅力。獅座下(xia)左右面浮雕(diao)(diao)的圓形方(fang)形蟠(pan)螭、鶴圖案，刀(dao)法簡(jian)潔洗練(lian)，造(zao)型古(gu)樸優(you)美，獅后夾柱(zhu)板上(shang)各(ge)浮雕(diao)(diao)四幅花(hua)鳥畫，有牡丹舞蝶，寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)富貴(gui)(gui)無媲；牡丹芙(fu)蓉，寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)榮華富貴(gui)(gui)；梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)喜(xi)鵲，寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)喜(xi)上(shang)眉梢；梅(mei)(mei)竹(zhu)綬帶，寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)齊眉祝壽。還有桃花(hua)春燕、山茶錦雞、水仙海棠、秋葵玉(yu)蘭等，構圖新穎，雕(diao)(diao)刻精(jing)致，花(hua)卉(hui)爭奇(qi)(qi)斗艷，蟲羽生(sheng)動(dong)逼(bi)真(zhen)。

姊妹建筑

百(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)坊，被譽為(wei)天(tian)下(xia)一(yi)坊，在(zai)今單縣城(cheng)內牌坊街中(zhong)段(duan)。因其(qi)夾柱精雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)百(bai)個姿(zi)態(tai)(tai)各(ge)異的(de)(de)石獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)而(er)得名，寓(yu)有(you)(you)百(bai)事（獅(shi)(shi)(shi)）如意(yi)，百(bai)世（獅(shi)(shi)(shi)）多壽(shou)（獸）之意(yi)。乃(nai)清乾(qian)隆四十三年（1778年）為(wei)贈文林郎張(zhang)蒲(pu)妻朱氏而(er)建，全(quan)(quan)石結構，高14米，寬9米，四柱三間(jian)五(wu)樓式(shi)，正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)單檐(yan)，次(ci)間(jian)正(zheng)(zheng)檐(yan)，歇山(shan)頂，全(quan)(quan)部(bu)石砌(qi)。坊座八(ba)根夾柱透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)群獅(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)組(zu)，大(da)(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)獰(ning)猛崢嶸，小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)環繞戲耍。每(mei)根夾柱前(qian)、左、右三面均浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)松獅(shi)(shi)(shi)圖。四柱和(he)枋(fang)額上透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)云龍(long)(long)，其(qi)它部(bu)位也透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)加浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)云龍(long)(long)旋舞，珍禽異獸、花(hua)卉圖案(an)。百(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)坊正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)樓檐(yan)下(xia)六朵(duo)斗拱，次(ci)間(jian)上下(xia)檐(yan)下(xia)各(ge)三朵(duo)斗拱。全(quan)(quan)枋(fang)上下(xia)間(jian)架有(you)(you)致(zhi)，搭配均衡，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)的(de)(de)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)、云龍(long)(long)、牡(mu)丹(dan)、吻(wen)獸、象尊等(deng)，均惟妙惟肖，栩栩如生，剛柔相濟，神態(tai)(tai)協(xie)調。八(ba)根夾柱分(fen)(fen)八(ba)組(zu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)百(bai)個石獅(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)巨頭卷(juan)毛突目，隆鼻闊口(kou)利(li)齒，巍然蹲踞，矯捷威猛。每(mei)個大(da)(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)身上攀伏著(zhu)五(wu)個小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)。獅(shi)(shi)(shi)座前(qian)左右三面浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)圓形松獅(shi)(shi)(shi)圖，幼獅(shi)(shi)(shi)三三兩(liang)(liang)(liang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)，蹦(beng)跳翻滾，爭戲繡球(qiu)。每(mei)根立柱透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)四條(tiao)蛟龍(long)(long)，在(zai)柔美飄逸的(de)(de)祥 云間(jian)卷(juan)舒出沒，盤旋回舞。正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)上下(xia)額枋(fang)、次(ci)間(jian)額枋(fang)及(ji)正(zheng)(zheng)檐(yan)下(xia)“圣(sheng)旨(zhi)”匾四周鏤(lou)(lou)空透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)二龍(long)(long)戲珠，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)懸目奮爪，搖頭擺尾(wei)，如騰似飛。正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)中(zhong)額枋(fang)上分(fen)(fen)三層鏤(lou)(lou)空透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)串枝牡(mu)丹(dan)，給人以五(wu)彩繽紛、香沁肺(fei)腑之感(gan)。樓檐(yan)下(xia)獸斗花(hua)拱，如意(yi)枋(fang)板承托。脊和(he)檐(yan)角上雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)配的(de)(de)吻(wen)獸、象尊、岔獸、魚、海馬、跑(pao)獸皆造型優美，生動傳神。吻(wen)尾(wei)外卷(juan)張(zhang)口(kou)吞脊，每(mei)個吻(wen)獸身上又浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)條(tiao)游龍(long)(long)。正(zheng)(zheng)脊中(zhong)間(jian)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)二龍(long)(long)朝天(tian)，相托一(yi)珠瓶類飾(shi)物。其(qi)他(ta)部(bu)位也均浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、平雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)雙(shuang)龍(long)(long)、牡(mu)丹(dan)、菊花(hua)、團鶴、團壽(shou)等(deng)吉祥圖，正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)下(xia)枋(fang)板的(de)(de)孔(kong)鼻上還(huan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)懸掛石鳥(niao)籠(long)，微風吹來，石鳥(niao)翩翩展翅，呤叮作鳴(ming)。整座牌坊結構精巧(qiao)，宏偉壯觀(guan)，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精細，玲瓏剔透(tou)，繁而(er)不亂，主(zhu)次(ci)分(fen)(fen)明。

民間傳說

百(bai)壽坊是為(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔琪(qi)(qi)之(zhi)妻(qi)孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)所立。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是單縣(xian)(xian)富戶，有(you)土地20多(duo)萬畝，祖父朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廷煥做過大名府兵道(dao)副使，朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔琪(qi)(qi)憑祖蔭財富，乾隆年間入了(le)翰林院任孔(kong)(kong)目，娶了(le)曲阜孔(kong)(kong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)姑娘，眾人送名鵝鴨(ya)公(gong)(gong)主的(de)孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)，孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)指間有(you)皮相連，形如(ru)鵝鴨(ya)足(zu)指，難攀高門(men)(men)，才(cai)嫁給位(wei)(wei)卑官小的(de)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔琪(qi)(qi)。孔(kong)(kong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)了(le)顯示門(men)(men)第高貴，提出(chu)要朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)步一(yi)個(ge)元(yuan)寶擺(bai)到曲阜。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)用元(yuan)寶雙(shuang)趟擺(bai)到曲阜。孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)嫁后不(bu)到10年，朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔琪(qi)(qi)病(bing)逝(shi)。孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)才(cai)26歲(sui)，求(qiu)單縣(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)“點(dian)主”，知縣(xian)(xian)嫌朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔琪(qi)(qi)位(wei)(wei)卑品低，家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)產雖然多(duo)，是土鱉(bie)子地主，不(bu)予(yu)答(da)應。孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)一(yi)怒之(zhi)下(xia)，赴曲阜求(qiu)助衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)。孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)到了(le)曲阜，將前因后果(guo)一(yi)說，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)原(yuan)對姑母(mu)(mu)下(xia)嫁單縣(xian)(xian)頗為(wei)不(bu)悅，現看登門(men)(men)求(qiu)助，乃(nai)發(fa)惻隱之(zhi)心，答(da)應孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)去單縣(xian)(xian)“點(dian)主”。時朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)隨孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)去的(de)族(zu)人問隨行(xing)幾人，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)答(da)曰：“三人”。不(bu)一(yi)日(ri)，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)駕(jia)到單縣(xian)(xian)，但見旗牌浩蕩，金(jin)鼓齊鳴，刀槍(qiang)耀眼，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)說帶的(de)三人乃(nai)三位(wei)(wei)總(zong)兵，三總(zong)兵分別帶了(le)數(shu)千人馬(ma)到了(le)單縣(xian)(xian)，從單縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)到十(shi)里外(wai)的(de)十(shi)里鋪駐滿(man)了(le)軍馬(ma)，井水隨之(zhi)喝干(gan)，朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)不(bu)但將城(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)飯館全包(bao)下(xia)來，還從四鄉(xiang)十(shi)幾里以內買(mai)飯。單縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)令拜見衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)讓其出(chu)殯(bin)時丟紙錢(qian)。殯(bin)罷丈(zhang)夫，孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)問衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)，我死后你怎么辦？衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)答(da)，只要姑母(mu)(mu)矢志守節(jie)，撫孤成立，當奏明圣(sheng)(sheng)上，建坊旌表。

孔氏(shi)乃謹遵(zun)封建婦道，守寡幾十年，撫子朱春成立。死后，朱家和(he)孔家奏明朝延，乾隆皇帝降旨(zhi)建坊旌表。皇四子履郡王(wang)亦贈(zeng)詩(shi)曰：“布衣蔬食度生(sheng)平，喜看庭(ting)芝(zhi)漸次成，月冷黃昏霜(shuang)滿(man)地(di)(di)(di)，穗帷遙(yao)出(chu)讀書聲”。“數十年來鐵骨支，養生(sheng)送死總無疵。冰操勁節光天地(di)(di)(di)，千古常教奉母師”。詩(shi)刻在牌坊額枋上。事后單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)感慨地(di)(di)(di)說：“土鱉子大了也咬(yao)人！”