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人文歷史

百壽(shou)(shou)坊(fang)，亦稱朱家(jia)牌坊(fang)，清乾隆三十年（1765年）為翰林院孔目贈儒林郎朱叔(shu)琪妻(qi)孔氏而(er)建，因雕有一百個不同(tong)書體的壽(shou)(shou)字(zi)而(er)得名(ming)。坊(fang)以青色(se)魚子狀石灰巖構(gou)成(cheng)，通高(gao)l3米、寬8米，四柱三間三層樓閣式建筑。

百獅(shi)坊(fang)獨特之(zhi)處(chu)，牌坊(fang)坊(fang)座(zuo)雕(diao)有(you)8頭矯健(jian)雄獅(shi)昂首遠(yuan)望，8條出(chu)水蚊龍繞(rao)柱回舞(wu)，額枋(fang)上(shang)飾滿(man)盛開牡丹，與(yu)正間上(shang)下額枋(fang)祥(xiang)云間翩翩飛舞(wu)的5只(zhi)透雕(diao)仙鶴、次間上(shang)額枋(fang)浮雕(diao)的相對翱翔之(zhi)鸞(luan)鳳構成(cheng)了(le)具有(you)無窮(qiong)魅力之(zhi)藝術(shu)佳作(zuo)，寓意“福壽(shou)萬年”、“富(fu)貴無媲”或(huo)“喜上(shang)眉梢(shao)”。

藝術特色

百(bai)壽(shou)坊雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)內容除獅、龍、牡丹外(wai)，還有(you)(you)鶴、鳳、梅(mei)花(hua)等奇花(hua)異卉。其構筑精巧宏偉，雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精致(zhi)生動(dong)，可(ke)與百(bai)獅坊媲(pi)美。甭說(shuo)那矯捷神俊的(de)(de)雄獅，繞柱(zhu)回舞(wu)的(de)(de)蛟龍，滿飾額(e)(e)枋(fang)的(de)(de)牡丹，單說(shuo)那正間上下(xia)額(e)(e)枋(fang)祥云(yun)間翩翩飛舞(wu)的(de)(de)五只(zhi)透雕(diao)(diao)仙(xian)鶴和(he)次間上額(e)(e)枋(fang)浮雕(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)引頸鳴(ming)唱、相(xiang)對(dui)翱翔的(de)(de)雙鳳，就有(you)(you)無窮的(de)(de)魅力。獅座下(xia)左右面浮雕(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)圓形方形蟠螭、鶴圖案，刀法簡潔洗練，造型古樸優(you)美，獅后夾柱(zhu)板上各浮雕(diao)(diao)四幅花(hua)鳥畫(hua)，有(you)(you)牡丹舞(wu)蝶，寓意富貴無媲(pi)；牡丹芙蓉，寓意榮華富貴；梅(mei)花(hua)喜鵲(que)，寓意喜上眉梢；梅(mei)竹(zhu)綬帶，寓意齊(qi)眉祝壽(shou)。還有(you)(you)桃花(hua)春燕、山茶錦雞、水(shui)仙(xian)海棠、秋葵(kui)玉蘭等，構圖新穎(ying)，雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精致(zhi)，花(hua)卉爭奇斗艷，蟲羽生動(dong)逼(bi)真。

姊妹建筑

百(bai)(bai)(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)，被譽為天下(xia)(xia)一坊(fang)，在今單縣城內牌坊(fang)街中(zhong)段(duan)。因其夾柱(zhu)(zhu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一百(bai)(bai)(bai)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)姿態各異的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)而得名，寓有(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)事（獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）如(ru)意(yi)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)世（獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）多壽（獸(shou)(shou)）之意(yi)。乃清(qing)乾隆四(si)(si)十三年（1778年）為贈文林(lin)郎(lang)張蒲妻朱氏而建(jian)，全(quan)石(shi)(shi)結構(gou)(gou)，高14米，寬9米，四(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)五(wu)樓(lou)式，正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)單檐(yan)(yan)，次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)正(zheng)檐(yan)(yan)，歇山頂，全(quan)部石(shi)(shi)砌。坊(fang)座(zuo)八(ba)(ba)根(gen)(gen)(gen)夾柱(zhu)(zhu)透(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)群獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)組，大(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)獰猛(meng)崢(zheng)嶸(rong)，小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)環繞戲(xi)耍(shua)。每(mei)根(gen)(gen)(gen)夾柱(zhu)(zhu)前、左、右三面均(jun)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)松(song)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖。四(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)和枋額(e)上(shang)(shang)(shang)透(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)龍，其它部位(wei)也透(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)加浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)龍旋舞，珍禽(qin)異獸(shou)(shou)、花(hua)(hua)卉圖案。百(bai)(bai)(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)樓(lou)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)六朵斗(dou)拱，次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)各三朵斗(dou)拱。全(quan)枋上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)間(jian)(jian)(jian)架有(you)(you)致，搭(da)配(pei)均(jun)衡，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)的(de)(de)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)、云(yun)龍、牡(mu)(mu)丹、吻(wen)(wen)獸(shou)(shou)、象尊等，均(jun)惟(wei)妙(miao)惟(wei)肖，栩(xu)(xu)栩(xu)(xu)如(ru)生，剛柔相濟，神態協調。八(ba)(ba)根(gen)(gen)(gen)夾柱(zhu)(zhu)分八(ba)(ba)組雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)百(bai)(bai)(bai)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)石(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巨頭卷毛突(tu)目(mu)，隆鼻闊口利(li)齒，巍(wei)然蹲踞，矯捷威猛(meng)。每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)攀伏著五(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)座(zuo)前左右三面浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)圓形(xing)松(song)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖，幼獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三三兩(liang)兩(liang)，蹦跳翻(fan)滾，爭戲(xi)繡球。每(mei)根(gen)(gen)(gen)立柱(zhu)(zhu)透(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)四(si)(si)條蛟(jiao)龍，在柔美(mei)飄逸的(de)(de)祥(xiang) 云(yun)間(jian)(jian)(jian)卷舒出沒，盤(pan)旋回舞。正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)額(e)枋、次(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)額(e)枋及正(zheng)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)“圣旨”匾四(si)(si)周鏤(lou)空(kong)透(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)龍戲(xi)珠，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)龍懸(xuan)目(mu)奮爪，搖頭擺(bai)尾，如(ru)騰似飛。正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)額(e)枋上(shang)(shang)(shang)分三層鏤(lou)空(kong)透(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)串枝(zhi)牡(mu)(mu)丹，給人(ren)以(yi)五(wu)彩繽紛、香沁肺腑(fu)之感。樓(lou)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)獸(shou)(shou)斗(dou)花(hua)(hua)拱，如(ru)意(yi)枋板承托(tuo)(tuo)。脊和檐(yan)(yan)角上(shang)(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)配(pei)的(de)(de)吻(wen)(wen)獸(shou)(shou)、象尊、岔獸(shou)(shou)、魚、海馬、跑獸(shou)(shou)皆造型優美(mei)，生動(dong)傳(chuan)神。吻(wen)(wen)尾外卷張口吞脊，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)吻(wen)(wen)獸(shou)(shou)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)又浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)兩(liang)條游(you)龍。正(zheng)脊中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑二(er)龍朝天，相托(tuo)(tuo)一珠瓶類飾(shi)物。其他部位(wei)也均(jun)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、平雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)雙龍、牡(mu)(mu)丹、菊花(hua)(hua)、團鶴、團壽等吉祥(xiang)圖，正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)枋板的(de)(de)孔鼻上(shang)(shang)(shang)還雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一懸(xuan)掛石(shi)(shi)鳥(niao)籠(long)，微風吹(chui)來，石(shi)(shi)鳥(niao)翩(pian)翩(pian)展翅，呤叮作鳴。整座(zuo)牌坊(fang)結構(gou)(gou)精(jing)(jing)(jing)巧，宏偉壯(zhuang)觀，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精(jing)(jing)(jing)細(xi)，玲瓏剔透(tou)(tou)，繁而不亂，主(zhu)次(ci)(ci)分明(ming)。

民間傳說

百壽坊(fang)是(shi)為朱叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)所(suo)立。朱家(jia)是(shi)單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)富戶，有土地(di)20多萬畝，祖(zu)父朱廷(ting)煥(huan)做過大(da)名府兵道副使，朱叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)憑祖(zu)蔭財(cai)富，乾隆(long)年間入了(le)翰林(lin)院任孔(kong)目，娶(qu)了(le)曲(qu)阜(fu)孔(kong)家(jia)姑(gu)(gu)娘，眾人(ren)送名鵝鴨(ya)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)的(de)孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)，孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)間有皮相(xiang)連，形如(ru)鵝鴨(ya)足指(zhi)(zhi)，難攀高(gao)門，才(cai)(cai)嫁給位(wei)卑(bei)官小的(de)朱叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)。孔(kong)家(jia)為了(le)顯(xian)示門第(di)高(gao)貴，提出要朱家(jia)一步一個元寶擺(bai)(bai)到(dao)曲(qu)阜(fu)。朱家(jia)用元寶雙趟擺(bai)(bai)到(dao)曲(qu)阜(fu)。孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)嫁后不(bu)到(dao)10年，朱叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)病逝。孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)才(cai)(cai)26歲，求單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)“點主(zhu)”，知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)嫌(xian)朱叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)位(wei)卑(bei)品低，家(jia)產雖然多，是(shi)土鱉子地(di)主(zhu)，不(bu)予答(da)(da)應。孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)一怒之(zhi)(zhi)下，赴(fu)曲(qu)阜(fu)求助衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)。孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)到(dao)了(le)曲(qu)阜(fu)，將(jiang)前因后果(guo)一說，衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)原(yuan)對姑(gu)(gu)母下嫁單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)頗為不(bu)悅(yue)，現看登門求助，乃發惻隱之(zhi)(zhi)心，答(da)(da)應孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)去單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)“點主(zhu)”。時朱家(jia)隨孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)去的(de)族(zu)人(ren)問隨行幾人(ren)，衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)答(da)(da)曰(yue)：“三人(ren)”。不(bu)一日，衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)駕(jia)到(dao)單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)，但見(jian)旗牌浩蕩(dang)，金鼓齊鳴，刀槍(qiang)耀眼，衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)說帶的(de)三人(ren)乃三位(wei)總兵，三總兵分(fen)別帶了(le)數千(qian)人(ren)馬到(dao)了(le)單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)，從(cong)單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)城到(dao)十(shi)里(li)(li)外的(de)十(shi)里(li)(li)鋪駐滿了(le)軍(jun)馬，井(jing)水隨之(zhi)(zhi)喝干，朱家(jia)不(bu)但將(jiang)城內的(de)飯館全包下來，還從(cong)四鄉(xiang)十(shi)幾里(li)(li)以內買飯。單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)令(ling)拜(bai)見(jian)衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)，衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)讓其出殯(bin)時丟紙(zhi)錢。殯(bin)罷丈夫，孔(kong)氏(shi)(shi)問衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)，我(wo)死(si)后你(ni)怎么辦？衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)答(da)(da)，只要姑(gu)(gu)母矢志守節(jie)，撫孤(gu)成立，當奏明圣(sheng)(sheng)上，建(jian)坊(fang)旌表。

孔(kong)(kong)氏乃謹(jin)遵封建婦(fu)道，守(shou)寡幾十年，撫子(zi)朱(zhu)春成立。死后，朱(zhu)家和孔(kong)(kong)家奏明朝(chao)延，乾隆(long)皇(huang)帝降旨建坊旌表。皇(huang)四子(zi)履郡王(wang)亦贈詩(shi)曰：“布衣蔬食度生平，喜看庭芝漸次成，月冷黃(huang)昏霜滿地(di)(di)，穗帷遙出讀書聲”。“數十年來鐵(tie)骨支，養生送死總無疵。冰操(cao)勁節光天地(di)(di)，千古(gu)常教奉母師”。詩(shi)刻在(zai)牌(pai)坊額枋(fang)上。事后單縣(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)感慨地(di)(di)說：“土(tu)鱉子(zi)大(da)了也咬人！”