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人文歷史

百壽坊，亦稱朱家牌坊，清(qing)乾隆三(san)十年（1765年）為翰林院孔(kong)目(mu)贈儒林郎朱叔(shu)琪妻(qi)孔(kong)氏而建(jian)，因雕有一百個不(bu)同書(shu)體(ti)的壽字而得名。坊以青色魚子狀(zhuang)石灰巖構(gou)成，通高l3米、寬8米，四(si)柱三(san)間三(san)層樓閣式(shi)建(jian)筑。

百獅坊(fang)獨特之處，牌坊(fang)坊(fang)座雕有(you)8頭(tou)矯健雄(xiong)獅昂首遠(yuan)望，8條出水蚊(wen)龍繞柱回舞，額枋上飾滿盛開牡(mu)丹，與正間(jian)上下額枋祥云間(jian)翩(pian)翩(pian)飛舞的5只(zhi)透(tou)雕仙(xian)鶴(he)、次間(jian)上額枋浮(fu)雕的相對翱翔之鸞鳳(feng)構成了具(ju)有(you)無窮(qiong)魅力之藝術佳作，寓意“福壽萬年”、“富貴無媲”或“喜上眉梢”。

藝術特色

百壽(shou)坊雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)內(nei)容除獅(shi)、龍、牡丹(dan)外，還有(you)(you)鶴(he)、鳳、梅花(hua)等(deng)奇花(hua)異(yi)卉。其構筑精巧宏偉，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)精致生動(dong)，可與(yu)百獅(shi)坊媲美(mei)。甭說那(nei)(nei)矯捷神(shen)俊的(de)(de)(de)雄獅(shi)，繞柱回舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)蛟(jiao)龍，滿飾額(e)枋(fang)的(de)(de)(de)牡丹(dan)，單說那(nei)(nei)正間上(shang)下(xia)額(e)枋(fang)祥云間翩(pian)翩(pian)飛舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)只透雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)仙鶴(he)和次間上(shang)額(e)枋(fang)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)引頸鳴唱、相對翱翔(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)雙鳳，就有(you)(you)無窮的(de)(de)(de)魅力。獅(shi)座下(xia)左右面浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)圓形(xing)方形(xing)蟠螭、鶴(he)圖案，刀法簡(jian)潔(jie)洗練，造型古樸優(you)美(mei)，獅(shi)后(hou)夾柱板(ban)上(shang)各浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)四(si)幅花(hua)鳥畫，有(you)(you)牡丹(dan)舞(wu)蝶(die)，寓意富貴無媲；牡丹(dan)芙蓉，寓意榮華富貴；梅花(hua)喜鵲，寓意喜上(shang)眉梢；梅竹綬(shou)帶，寓意齊眉祝壽(shou)。還有(you)(you)桃花(hua)春燕、山茶錦雞、水仙海棠、秋(qiu)葵(kui)玉蘭等(deng)，構圖新(xin)穎，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)精致，花(hua)卉爭(zheng)奇斗(dou)艷，蟲(chong)羽生動(dong)逼真。

姊妹建筑

百(bai)(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)，被譽(yu)為天下(xia)一(yi)坊(fang)，在今(jin)單(dan)縣城內(nei)牌坊(fang)街(jie)中(zhong)段。因(yin)其夾(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)精雕(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)個姿態各(ge)異(yi)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子而(er)得名，寓有百(bai)(bai)事(shi)（獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）如(ru)(ru)(ru)意(yi)，百(bai)(bai)世(shi)（獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）多壽（獸）之意(yi)。乃清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)(long)四(si)十三(san)年（1778年）為贈文林(lin)郎張(zhang)蒲妻朱氏(shi)而(er)建，全(quan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結構，高14米，寬9米，四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)三(san)間(jian)(jian)五(wu)(wu)樓式，正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)單(dan)檐(yan)，次(ci)間(jian)(jian)正(zheng)檐(yan)，歇(xie)山(shan)頂，全(quan)部石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砌。坊(fang)座八根夾(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)群獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八組，大(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子獰(ning)猛(meng)(meng)崢嶸，小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子環繞戲耍。每(mei)根夾(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)前、左(zuo)、右(you)三(san)面(mian)均浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)松獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖。四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)和(he)枋(fang)額(e)(e)上透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)，其它部位也(ye)(ye)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)加浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)旋(xuan)舞，珍禽異(yi)獸、花卉圖案。百(bai)(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)樓檐(yan)下(xia)六朵(duo)斗(dou)拱，次(ci)間(jian)(jian)上下(xia)檐(yan)下(xia)各(ge)三(san)朵(duo)斗(dou)拱。全(quan)枋(fang)上下(xia)間(jian)(jian)架有致，搭(da)配均衡，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻的(de)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子、云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍(long)、牡(mu)丹、吻獸、象尊等，均惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖，栩栩如(ru)(ru)(ru)生，剛柔相濟，神態協調。八根夾(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)八組雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻百(bai)(bai)個石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巨頭卷(juan)毛突目，隆(long)(long)鼻(bi)(bi)闊口利齒，巍然蹲踞，矯捷威猛(meng)(meng)。每(mei)個大(da)(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身(shen)上攀伏(fu)著五(wu)(wu)個小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)座前左(zuo)右(you)三(san)面(mian)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)圓形松獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖，幼獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)三(san)兩(liang)兩(liang)，蹦(beng)跳翻滾，爭戲繡球。每(mei)根立柱(zhu)(zhu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)四(si)條(tiao)蛟(jiao)龍(long)，在柔美飄逸的(de)祥 云(yun)(yun)(yun)間(jian)(jian)卷(juan)舒出沒，盤旋(xuan)回舞。正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)上下(xia)額(e)(e)枋(fang)、次(ci)間(jian)(jian)額(e)(e)枋(fang)及正(zheng)檐(yan)下(xia)“圣(sheng)旨”匾四(si)周鏤空透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)二龍(long)戲珠，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)懸目奮爪，搖頭擺(bai)尾，如(ru)(ru)(ru)騰似飛。正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)中(zhong)額(e)(e)枋(fang)上分(fen)三(san)層鏤空透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)串枝牡(mu)丹，給人以五(wu)(wu)彩(cai)繽紛、香沁肺(fei)腑之感。樓檐(yan)下(xia)獸斗(dou)花拱，如(ru)(ru)(ru)意(yi)枋(fang)板(ban)承托。脊和(he)檐(yan)角(jiao)上雕(diao)(diao)(diao)配的(de)吻獸、象尊、岔(cha)獸、魚、海馬、跑獸皆造型(xing)優美，生動傳神。吻尾外卷(juan)張(zhang)口吞(tun)脊，每(mei)個吻獸身(shen)上又浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)兩(liang)條(tiao)游龍(long)。正(zheng)脊中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑二龍(long)朝天，相托一(yi)珠瓶類飾物(wu)。其他(ta)部位也(ye)(ye)均浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、平雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有雙(shuang)龍(long)、牡(mu)丹、菊花、團鶴(he)、團壽等吉祥圖，正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)下(xia)枋(fang)板(ban)的(de)孔鼻(bi)(bi)上還雕(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)懸掛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鳥(niao)籠，微(wei)風(feng)吹來，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鳥(niao)翩(pian)(pian)翩(pian)(pian)展翅，呤叮作鳴(ming)。整座牌坊(fang)結構精巧，宏偉(wei)壯觀，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻精細，玲瓏剔透(tou)(tou)(tou)，繁(fan)而(er)不亂(luan)，主次(ci)分(fen)明。

民間傳說

百(bai)壽坊是(shi)為(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)(qi)之妻(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏所(suo)立。朱(zhu)(zhu)家是(shi)單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)富戶(hu)，有土地20多萬畝(mu)，祖父朱(zhu)(zhu)廷煥做過大名府兵(bing)道副使(shi)，朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)(qi)憑祖蔭財富，乾隆年(nian)間入了(le)(le)翰林院任孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)目(mu)，娶了(le)(le)曲(qu)阜(fu)(fu)(fu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)家姑(gu)娘，眾人(ren)(ren)送名鵝鴨公(gong)主(zhu)的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏指間有皮相連，形如鵝鴨足指，難攀高門，才嫁給位卑官(guan)小(xiao)的(de)(de)朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)(qi)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)家為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)顯(xian)示門第(di)高貴，提出要(yao)朱(zhu)(zhu)家一(yi)步一(yi)個元寶(bao)擺到(dao)(dao)曲(qu)阜(fu)(fu)(fu)。朱(zhu)(zhu)家用元寶(bao)雙趟擺到(dao)(dao)曲(qu)阜(fu)(fu)(fu)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏嫁后不(bu)到(dao)(dao)10年(nian)，朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)(qi)病逝(shi)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏才26歲，求(qiu)(qiu)單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)“點主(zhu)”，知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)嫌朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)(qi)位卑品低(di)，家產雖然多，是(shi)土鱉子地主(zhu)，不(bu)予答應(ying)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏一(yi)怒之下(xia)，赴曲(qu)阜(fu)(fu)(fu)求(qiu)(qiu)助衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)曲(qu)阜(fu)(fu)(fu)，將前因后果一(yi)說，衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)原對姑(gu)母(mu)下(xia)嫁單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)頗為(wei)(wei)不(bu)悅，現看登門求(qiu)(qiu)助，乃發惻隱之心，答應(ying)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏去單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)“點主(zhu)”。時(shi)(shi)朱(zhu)(zhu)家隨孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏去的(de)(de)族人(ren)(ren)問隨行幾人(ren)(ren)，衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)答曰：“三(san)人(ren)(ren)”。不(bu)一(yi)日，衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)駕(jia)到(dao)(dao)單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，但見旗牌(pai)浩蕩，金鼓齊鳴，刀(dao)槍(qiang)耀眼，衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)說帶的(de)(de)三(san)人(ren)(ren)乃三(san)位總兵(bing)，三(san)總兵(bing)分別帶了(le)(le)數千人(ren)(ren)馬(ma)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，從單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)到(dao)(dao)十(shi)里外(wai)的(de)(de)十(shi)里鋪駐(zhu)滿了(le)(le)軍馬(ma)，井水隨之喝干，朱(zhu)(zhu)家不(bu)但將城(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)(de)飯館全包下(xia)來，還從四鄉十(shi)幾里以(yi)內買飯。單(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)令拜見衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)，衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)讓(rang)其出殯時(shi)(shi)丟紙錢。殯罷丈(zhang)夫，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏問衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)，我死后你怎么辦？衍圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)答，只(zhi)要(yao)姑(gu)母(mu)矢志守節，撫孤成立，當奏明(ming)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)上，建坊旌表。

孔(kong)氏乃謹遵封建(jian)(jian)婦道(dao)，守寡幾(ji)十(shi)年，撫子朱春成立(li)。死(si)(si)后(hou)，朱家(jia)和孔(kong)家(jia)奏明朝延，乾隆(long)皇帝降旨建(jian)(jian)坊旌(jing)表。皇四子履郡王亦贈詩(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：“布(bu)衣蔬食度生平，喜看庭(ting)芝(zhi)漸次成，月冷黃昏霜滿(man)地，穗(sui)帷遙出讀書(shu)聲”。“數十(shi)年來鐵骨支，養生送死(si)(si)總無疵。冰(bing)操勁節光(guang)天地，千(qian)古常(chang)教奉(feng)母師(shi)”。詩(shi)(shi)刻在牌坊額枋上。事后(hou)單縣(xian)知縣(xian)感慨地說(shuo)：“土鱉(bie)子大了也咬人！”