百壽(shou)(shou)坊,亦稱朱家牌坊,清(qing)乾隆三十年(nian)(nian)(1765年(nian)(nian))為翰(han)林(lin)院孔(kong)目贈儒林(lin)郎(lang)朱叔琪妻孔(kong)氏而建,因(yin)雕有一百個(ge)不同書(shu)體的(de)壽(shou)(shou)字而得名。坊以(yi)青色魚子狀(zhuang)石灰巖構(gou)成,通(tong)高l3米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)8米(mi)(mi),四(si)柱三間三層(ceng)樓閣式建筑。
百獅坊獨特之處,牌坊坊座(zuo)雕有(you)(you)8頭矯(jiao)健雄獅昂(ang)首遠(yuan)望,8條(tiao)出水(shui)蚊龍(long)繞(rao)柱(zhu)回舞(wu),額(e)(e)枋(fang)上飾(shi)滿盛開牡丹,與正(zheng)間上下(xia)額(e)(e)枋(fang)祥云間翩翩飛舞(wu)的5只透雕仙鶴、次間上額(e)(e)枋(fang)浮雕的相對翱翔之鸞鳳構(gou)成(cheng)了具有(you)(you)無窮魅力之藝術(shu)佳作,寓意“福壽萬年”、“富(fu)貴(gui)無媲”或“喜上眉梢”。
百壽(shou)坊(fang)(fang)雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)內容除獅(shi)(shi)、龍、牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)外,還有(you)(you)鶴、鳳(feng)(feng)、梅花(hua)等奇花(hua)異(yi)卉(hui)。其構(gou)筑精巧宏偉,雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精致(zhi)生動,可與百獅(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang)媲美(mei)。甭(beng)說那矯捷神俊的(de)雄(xiong)獅(shi)(shi),繞(rao)柱回舞的(de)蛟龍,滿(man)飾(shi)額(e)枋(fang)的(de)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan),單說那正間上下額(e)枋(fang)祥(xiang)云間翩翩飛舞的(de)五只透雕(diao)(diao)仙(xian)鶴和次間上額(e)枋(fang)浮雕(diao)(diao)的(de)引頸鳴唱(chang)、相對翱(ao)翔的(de)雙(shuang)鳳(feng)(feng),就有(you)(you)無窮(qiong)的(de)魅力。獅(shi)(shi)座下左右(you)面浮雕(diao)(diao)的(de)圓(yuan)形方(fang)形蟠螭(chi)、鶴圖(tu)(tu)案,刀法簡(jian)潔洗(xi)練(lian),造型古(gu)樸(pu)優美(mei),獅(shi)(shi)后夾柱板上各浮雕(diao)(diao)四幅花(hua)鳥畫,有(you)(you)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)舞蝶,寓意(yi)富(fu)貴無媲;牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)芙蓉,寓意(yi)榮華富(fu)貴;梅花(hua)喜鵲,寓意(yi)喜上眉(mei)梢(shao);梅竹綬帶,寓意(yi)齊眉(mei)祝壽(shou)。還有(you)(you)桃花(hua)春燕(yan)、山茶錦雞、水仙(xian)海棠、秋葵玉蘭等,構(gou)圖(tu)(tu)新(xin)穎,雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精致(zhi),花(hua)卉(hui)爭奇斗艷,蟲羽生動逼真(zhen)。
百(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang),被譽為(wei)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)一坊(fang),在今單縣城內牌坊(fang)街中段。因其夾柱(zhu)精雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一百(bai)個(ge)(ge)姿態各異的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子而(er)得名(ming),寓有(you)百(bai)事(shi)(獅(shi)(shi)(shi))如意,百(bai)世(獅(shi)(shi)(shi))多壽(shou)(shou)(獸(shou)(shou))之意。乃(nai)清(qing)乾隆四十三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(1778年(nian))為(wei)贈文(wen)林郎張蒲妻朱氏而(er)建,全(quan)石(shi)(shi)結構,高14米(mi),寬(kuan)9米(mi),四柱(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)五(wu)樓(lou)式,正(zheng)間(jian)單檐(yan)(yan),次(ci)間(jian)正(zheng)檐(yan)(yan),歇山頂,全(quan)部(bu)石(shi)(shi)砌。坊(fang)座八(ba)根(gen)夾柱(zhu)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)群獅(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)組(zu)(zu),大獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子獰猛崢嶸(rong),小(xiao)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子環繞戲(xi)(xi)耍。每根(gen)夾柱(zhu)前(qian)、左、右三(san)(san)(san)面均(jun)(jun)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)松獅(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu)。四柱(zhu)和枋(fang)(fang)額上(shang)(shang)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)龍,其它部(bu)位也透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)加(jia)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)龍旋舞(wu),珍(zhen)禽異獸(shou)(shou)、花卉圖(tu)案(an)。百(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)正(zheng)間(jian)樓(lou)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)六朵(duo)斗拱,次(ci)間(jian)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)各三(san)(san)(san)朵(duo)斗拱。全(quan)枋(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)間(jian)架(jia)有(you)致,搭配均(jun)(jun)衡,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻的(de)(de)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)子、云(yun)龍、牡丹、吻獸(shou)(shou)、象尊等,均(jun)(jun)惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生(sheng),剛柔相濟,神(shen)態協調。八(ba)根(gen)夾柱(zhu)分(fen)八(ba)組(zu)(zu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻百(bai)個(ge)(ge)石(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)。大獅(shi)(shi)(shi)巨頭卷毛(mao)突目,隆鼻(bi)闊口利齒,巍然蹲踞,矯(jiao)捷威猛。每個(ge)(ge)大獅(shi)(shi)(shi)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)攀伏著五(wu)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)。獅(shi)(shi)(shi)座前(qian)左右三(san)(san)(san)面浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)圓形松獅(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu),幼(you)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)兩兩,蹦(beng)跳翻滾,爭(zheng)戲(xi)(xi)繡(xiu)球。每根(gen)立柱(zhu)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)四條蛟龍,在柔美飄逸的(de)(de)祥(xiang) 云(yun)間(jian)卷舒出沒,盤旋回舞(wu)。正(zheng)間(jian)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)額枋(fang)(fang)、次(ci)間(jian)額枋(fang)(fang)及正(zheng)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)“圣旨”匾四周鏤空透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)二龍戲(xi)(xi)珠(zhu),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)龍懸目奮(fen)爪,搖(yao)頭擺(bai)尾,如騰似飛。正(zheng)間(jian)中額枋(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)分(fen)三(san)(san)(san)層鏤空透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)串枝牡丹,給(gei)人以(yi)五(wu)彩繽紛、香(xiang)沁肺腑(fu)之感(gan)。樓(lou)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)獸(shou)(shou)斗花拱,如意枋(fang)(fang)板(ban)承托。脊(ji)和檐(yan)(yan)角上(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)配的(de)(de)吻獸(shou)(shou)、象尊、岔獸(shou)(shou)、魚、海馬、跑獸(shou)(shou)皆造型優(you)美,生(sheng)動傳神(shen)。吻尾外卷張口吞脊(ji),每個(ge)(ge)吻獸(shou)(shou)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)又(you)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)兩條游龍。正(zheng)脊(ji)中間(jian)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑二龍朝(chao)天(tian),相托一珠(zhu)瓶類(lei)飾物。其他(ta)部(bu)位也均(jun)(jun)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、平雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)雙(shuang)龍、牡丹、菊花、團鶴、團壽(shou)(shou)等吉祥(xiang)圖(tu),正(zheng)間(jian)下(xia)(xia)枋(fang)(fang)板(ban)的(de)(de)孔鼻(bi)上(shang)(shang)還雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一懸掛(gua)石(shi)(shi)鳥籠,微(wei)風吹來,石(shi)(shi)鳥翩翩展翅,呤叮(ding)作(zuo)鳴(ming)。整座牌坊(fang)結構精巧,宏(hong)偉(wei)壯觀,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻精細(xi),玲(ling)瓏剔透(tou),繁而(er)不亂,主次(ci)分(fen)明。
百壽坊是(shi)為(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)立。朱(zhu)(zhu)家是(shi)單縣(xian)(xian)富戶,有(you)土地20多萬畝,祖父朱(zhu)(zhu)廷(ting)煥(huan)做過大名府兵(bing)道副使(shi),朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)憑(ping)祖蔭(yin)財富,乾(qian)隆(long)年間入了(le)翰(han)林院任(ren)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)目,娶了(le)曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)(fu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)家姑娘,眾人(ren)送名鵝鴨公(gong)(gong)(gong)主的孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)指間有(you)皮相連,形如鵝鴨足指,難攀高門(men)(men),才(cai)嫁給位卑官(guan)小的朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)家為(wei)了(le)顯示門(men)(men)第(di)高貴(gui),提出要朱(zhu)(zhu)家一步一個元寶擺到(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)(fu)。朱(zhu)(zhu)家用元寶雙趟擺到(dao)(dao)(dao)曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)(fu)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)嫁后不到(dao)(dao)(dao)10年,朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)病逝。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)才(cai)26歲,求(qiu)單縣(xian)(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)“點(dian)主”,知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)嫌朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)位卑品低(di),家產雖(sui)然(ran)多,是(shi)土鱉子地主,不予答(da)應。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)一怒(nu)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),赴曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)(fu)求(qiu)助(zhu)衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)(fu),將前因后果一說,衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)原對姑母(mu)下(xia)嫁單縣(xian)(xian)頗為(wei)不悅(yue),現看登門(men)(men)求(qiu)助(zhu),乃發惻隱(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)心,答(da)應孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)去(qu)單縣(xian)(xian)“點(dian)主”。時朱(zhu)(zhu)家隨孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)去(qu)的族人(ren)問隨行幾人(ren),衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)答(da)曰:“三人(ren)”。不一日,衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)駕到(dao)(dao)(dao)單縣(xian)(xian),但見旗(qi)牌浩蕩,金(jin)鼓齊鳴,刀槍耀眼,衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)說帶的三人(ren)乃三位總兵(bing),三總兵(bing)分別(bie)帶了(le)數(shu)千人(ren)馬到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)單縣(xian)(xian),從單縣(xian)(xian)城到(dao)(dao)(dao)十里(li)外(wai)的十里(li)鋪(pu)駐滿了(le)軍馬,井水隨之(zhi)(zhi)喝干,朱(zhu)(zhu)家不但將城內的飯館全(quan)包下(xia)來(lai),還從四鄉十幾里(li)以內買飯。單縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)令拜見衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong),衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)讓(rang)其出殯(bin)時丟紙錢。殯(bin)罷(ba)丈夫(fu),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)問衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong),我死(si)后你怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)?衍(yan)(yan)圣公(gong)(gong)(gong)答(da),只要姑母(mu)矢志守節,撫(fu)孤成立,當(dang)奏明圣上,建坊旌表。
孔氏乃(nai)謹遵(zun)封(feng)建婦道,守寡幾十(shi)年,撫(fu)子(zi)(zi)朱春成(cheng)立。死(si)后(hou)(hou),朱家和孔家奏明(ming)朝延,乾隆皇帝降旨建坊旌表。皇四子(zi)(zi)履郡(jun)王亦贈(zeng)詩(shi)曰:“布(bu)衣蔬食度生(sheng)平,喜看庭芝漸次成(cheng),月冷黃(huang)昏霜滿地,穗(sui)帷遙出讀書聲”。“數十(shi)年來鐵骨(gu)支,養生(sheng)送(song)死(si)總無疵。冰操勁節(jie)光天地,千古常教奉(feng)母(mu)師(shi)”。詩(shi)刻(ke)在牌坊額枋上。事后(hou)(hou)單縣知縣感慨地說:“土(tu)鱉子(zi)(zi)大了也咬(yao)人!”