王陵介紹
1995年(nian)(nian)被公布為(wei)(wei)(wei)濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)市第(di)二批重(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位。德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)是(shi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)英宗朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)祁(qi)鎮第(di)二子朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)嫡系長(chang)(chang)(chang)子孫的(de)(de)封號。《明(ming)(ming)(ming)史·列傳(chuan)第(di)七(qi)》載(zai)，天順元年(nian)(nian)(1457年(nian)(nian))三月英宗復辟后(hou)，“同日(ri)封德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、秀(xiu)、崇(chong)、吉四(si)王(wang)”。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見?“初國德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)州，改濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)，成(cheng)化(hua)三年(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian))就(jiu)藩。”至明(ming)(ming)(ming)末，德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)共傳(chuan)七(qi)世，封親王(wang)、郡王(wang)34個。崇(chong)禎十二年(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian))，清(qing)兵攻(gong)入濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)，第(di)七(qi)代德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)由樞被俘。至此(ci)，延(yan)續180余年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)世系始告結(jie)束。清(qing)道(dao)光《長(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)縣志(zhi)(zhi)》載(zai)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(子濟寧(ning)安(an)僖王(wang) )、德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懿(yi)王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恭王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)俱在縣東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)十里青(qing)崖(ya)(ya)山之(zhi)(zhi)陽”。 青(qing)崖(ya)(ya)山，現(xian)名(ming)青(qing)崖(ya)(ya)寨(zhai)(zhai)山，又名(ming)青(qing)巖山，海拔(ba)554米(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)綿延(yan)二三千米(mi)(mi)(mi)。諸(zhu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)即分布在青(qing)崖(ya)(ya)寨(zhai)(zhai)山以南(nan)(nan)(nan)、以東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，各(ge)(ge)倚枕(zhen)一支脈而建(jian)(jian)(jian)。1993年(nian)(nian)春，濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)市和長(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)縣文物(wu)部門(men)(men)(men)(men)對德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)陵(ling)進行(xing)了(le)勘查，并搶(qiang)救性發掘(jue)清(qing)理了(le)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。 由于本世紀50年(nian)(nian)代以來當地(di)(di)村民取用陵(ling)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)石(shi)料，各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑刻、石(shi)象(xiang)生均(jun)已(yi)(yi)不存(cun)，多數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)的(de)(de)垣(yuan)墻(qiang)也(ye)已(yi)(yi)傾(qing)圮(pi)。因(yin)此(ci)，除已(yi)(yi)發掘(jue)的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，其(qi)(qi)余各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主身份不明(ming)(ming)(ming)。各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)陵(ling)園平(ping)面均(jun)呈(cheng)馬蹄形，長(chang)(chang)(chang)303～276米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬286～100米(mi)(mi)(mi)。有內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)重(zhong)垣(yuan)墻(qiang)，陵(ling)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、金(jin)水(shui)(shui)橋、院落、配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室封土(tu)沿山勢依次(ci)向上對稱分布。 已(yi)(yi)發掘(jue)的(de)(de)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見?)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)最(zui)大。與(yu)其(qi)(qi)他各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)垣(yuan)墻(qiang)不同的(de)(de)是(shi)，其(qi)(qi)雙(shuang)重(zhong)垣(yuan)墻(qiang)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)坯(pi)墻(qiang)。現(xian)僅于東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北側(ce)保(bao)留(liu)一段長(chang)(chang)(chang)約47.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)外(wai)垣(yuan)墻(qiang)。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)金(jin)水(shui)(shui)橋、享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等地(di)(di)面建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑均(jun)已(yi)(yi)不存(cun)，但原址處(chu)尚有綠琉璃瓦等遺跡(ji)、遺物(wu)。地(di)(di)宮(gong)位于享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)后(hou)方，磚石(shi)結(jie)構，建(jian)(jian)(jian)于距地(di)(di)表深13余米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)巖坑之(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)，由墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、甬(yong)道(dao)、前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、甬(yong)道(dao)組成(cheng)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)北總長(chang)(chang)(chang)(內(nei))17.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)總寬(內(nei))11.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)46.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)剛墻(qiang)，高(gao)6.18米(mi)(mi)(mi)，其(qi)(qi)上為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚砌平(ping)臺，平(ping)臺后(hou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有長(chang)(chang)(chang)18.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)3.54米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)擋土(tu)墻(qiang)。平(ping)臺以下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)，額(e)枋上刻二龍戲珠(zhu)圖案。門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)半圓券(quan)頂(ding)門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞，高(gao)4.26米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬2.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞外(wai)側(ce)填土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)上放(fang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見?及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)妃(fei)劉(liu)氏(shi)的(de)(de)兩(liang)合墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)。前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)11.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)北寬5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)須彌(mi)座(zuo)式墻(qiang)，上為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚構。頂(ding)部南(nan)(nan)(nan)北起券(quan)，高(gao)6.58米(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)構相(xiang)同，下(xia)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)構，上部為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚構，頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)起券(quan)。均(jun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.51米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬4.14米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)4.80米(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間有窗隧相(xiang)通。兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)中與(yu)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)側(ce)各(ge)(ge)置(zhi)一石(shi)須彌(mi)座(zuo)式棺(guan)床。西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)與(yu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)形制相(xiang)同，唯(wei)不及(ji)(ji)(ji)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)大、厚重(zhong)。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)部有三個盜洞。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)骨(gu)架散亂，朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漆(qi)棺(guan)、槨(guo)板及(ji)(ji)(ji)箱(xiang)板隨處(chu)可見，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)均(jun)被砸碎，隨葬(zang)品已(yi)(yi)被盜掠一空(kong)。掘(jue)出土(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)宮(gong)內(nei)情況可知，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分葬(zang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)見?及(ji)(ji)(ji)王(wang)妃(fei)劉(liu)氏(shi)，前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)葬(zang)其(qi)(qi)子濟寧(ning)安(an)僖王(wang)。 德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)陵(ling)，是(shi)目前所知規模最(zui)大、保(bao)存(cun)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)代親王(wang)的(de)(de)家族墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)。對于明(ming)(ming)(ming)代親王(wang)陵(ling)葬(zang)制度的(de)(de)研究，具有重(zhong)要意義(yi)。
鐘天地之靈 
