王陵介紹
1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)公布為(wei)濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)市第(di)(di)二批重點文(wen)物(wu)保護單位。德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)是明(ming)英(ying)宗(zong)朱(zhu)祁鎮第(di)(di)二子(zi)(zi)(zi)朱(zhu)見及(ji)其(qi)嫡系(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)號。《明(ming)史·列傳第(di)(di)七(qi)》載，天順(shun)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1457年(nian)(nian)(nian))三月(yue)英(ying)宗(zong)復辟后，“同(tong)(tong)日封(feng)(feng)德(de)(de)(de)、秀、崇、吉四王(wang)(wang)(wang)”。朱(zhu)見?“初國德(de)(de)(de)州(zhou)，改(gai)濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，成化三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian)(nian))就藩。”至(zhi)明(ming)末，德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)共傳七(qi)世(shi)，封(feng)(feng)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、郡王(wang)(wang)(wang)34個(ge)。崇禎十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian)(nian))，清兵攻入濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，第(di)(di)七(qi)代(dai)德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)由(you)(you)樞被(bei)俘(fu)。至(zhi)此，延(yan)(yan)續180余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)系(xi)始告結束。清道(dao)(dao)光《長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清縣(xian)(xian)志》載：“明(ming)德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(子(zi)(zi)(zi)濟(ji)(ji)寧安僖王(wang)(wang)(wang) )、德(de)(de)(de)懿(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)懷(huai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)恭(gong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)定王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)端王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)俱(ju)在縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)四十里青(qing)(qing)崖(ya)山(shan)之陽”。 青(qing)(qing)崖(ya)山(shan)，現(xian)(xian)名青(qing)(qing)崖(ya)寨山(shan)，又名青(qing)(qing)巖山(shan)，海拔554米(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)綿延(yan)(yan)二三千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。諸德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)即分(fen)(fen)布在青(qing)(qing)崖(ya)寨山(shan)以(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、以(yi)東(dong)(dong)，各(ge)倚(yi)枕(zhen)一(yi)支脈而建。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)春，濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)市和長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)物(wu)部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)對(dui)德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)進行了(le)勘查(cha)，并搶(qiang)救性發(fa)掘清理了(le)德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)。 由(you)(you)于本世(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)以(yi)來當地村(cun)民取用陵(ling)墓(mu)石(shi)(shi)料，各(ge)墓(mu)碑刻、石(shi)(shi)象生均(jun)(jun)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)存(cun)，多數墓(mu)葬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垣墻(qiang)也已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)傾(qing)圮。因此，除已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)葬之外(wai)，其(qi)余(yu)各(ge)墓(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)主身(shen)份不(bu)明(ming)。各(ge)墓(mu)陵(ling)園平(ping)面均(jun)(jun)呈馬蹄形，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)303～276米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)286～100米(mi)(mi)(mi)。有內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)重垣墻(qiang)，陵(ling)門(men)(men)、金(jin)水(shui)橋、院落、配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、墓(mu)室封(feng)(feng)土(tu)沿(yan)山(shan)勢依次向上(shang)(shang)對(dui)稱分(fen)(fen)布。 已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)(朱(zhu)見?)墓(mu)最(zui)大。與(yu)其(qi)他各(ge)墓(mu)為(wei)石(shi)(shi)垣墻(qiang)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是，其(qi)雙(shuang)重垣墻(qiang)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)土(tu)坯墻(qiang)。現(xian)(xian)僅于東(dong)(dong)北側(ce)(ce)保留一(yi)段長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約47.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)垣墻(qiang)。該墓(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)水(shui)橋、享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)地面建筑均(jun)(jun)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)存(cun)，但原址處尚有綠琉璃瓦等(deng)遺跡、遺物(wu)。地宮(gong)位于享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)正后方(fang)，磚石(shi)(shi)結構(gou)(gou)，建于距(ju)地表深13余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巖坑之內(nei)，由(you)(you)墓(mu)門(men)(men)、甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)、前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)、甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)組(zu)成，南(nan)(nan)(nan)北總長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(內(nei))17.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)總寬(kuan)(內(nei))11.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)門(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)為(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)46.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜坡墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)。墓(mu)門(men)(men)外(wai)側(ce)(ce)為(wei)金(jin)剛墻(qiang)，高(gao)(gao)6.18米(mi)(mi)(mi)，其(qi)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)磚砌平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)后建有長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)18.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)3.54米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擋土(tu)墻(qiang)。平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)以(yi)下(xia)為(wei)門(men)(men)樓，額枋上(shang)(shang)刻二龍戲珠圖案(an)。門(men)(men)樓下(xia)為(wei)半圓券(quan)頂(ding)門(men)(men)洞，高(gao)(gao)4.26米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)2.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)洞外(wai)側(ce)(ce)填(tian)土(tu)之上(shang)(shang)放德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)見?及(ji)其(qi)妃劉氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)合墓(mu)志。前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)11.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)北寬(kuan)5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)石(shi)(shi)須彌(mi)座(zuo)式墻(qiang)，上(shang)(shang)為(wei)磚構(gou)(gou)。頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北起券(quan)，高(gao)(gao)6.58米(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)結構(gou)(gou)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，下(xia)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)石(shi)(shi)構(gou)(gou)，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)磚構(gou)(gou)，頂(ding)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)起券(quan)。均(jun)(jun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5.51米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)4.14米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)(gao)4.80米(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)間有窗隧相(xiang)(xiang)通。兩(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)正中與(yu)前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)(xi)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)置(zhi)一(yi)石(shi)(shi)須彌(mi)座(zuo)式棺床。西(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)與(yu)墓(mu)門(men)(men)形制相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，唯不(bu)及(ji)墓(mu)門(men)(men)大、厚(hou)重。該墓(mu)前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)有三個(ge)盜洞。墓(mu)內(nei)骨架(jia)散亂(luan)，朱(zhu)漆棺、槨(guo)板(ban)及(ji)箱板(ban)隨處可(ke)見，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)均(jun)(jun)被(bei)砸(za)碎，隨葬品已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)被(bei)盜掠一(yi)空(kong)。掘出土(tu)墓(mu)志及(ji)地宮(gong)內(nei)情(qing)況可(ke)知，東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)(fen)葬德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)見?及(ji)王(wang)(wang)(wang)妃劉氏，前(qian)(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)葬其(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)濟(ji)(ji)寧安僖王(wang)(wang)(wang)。 德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)，是目前(qian)(qian)所知規模最(zui)大、保存(cun)最(zui)為(wei)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)代(dai)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家族墓(mu)地。對(dui)于明(ming)代(dai)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)葬制度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)，具有重要意義。
鐘天地之靈 
