王陵介紹
1995年(nian)(nian)被(bei)公布(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)市第二批重點文(wen)物保護單位。德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)是明(ming)英(ying)宗朱祁鎮第二子朱見(jian)(jian)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)嫡系(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)子孫的(de)封(feng)號。《明(ming)史·列傳第七(qi)》載(zai)，天順元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1457年(nian)(nian))三月(yue)英(ying)宗復辟后，“同日(ri)封(feng)德(de)(de)(de)、秀、崇(chong)、吉四(si)(si)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”。朱見(jian)(jian)?“初(chu)國(guo)德(de)(de)(de)州，改濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)，成(cheng)化三年(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian))就藩。”至明(ming)末，德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)共傳七(qi)世，封(feng)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、郡(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)34個(ge)。崇(chong)禎十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian))，清(qing)(qing)兵攻入濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)，第七(qi)代(dai)德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱由(you)樞被(bei)俘。至此，延續(xu)180余年(nian)(nian)的(de)德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世系(xi)始告結束。清(qing)(qing)道(dao)(dao)光《長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)縣志(zhi)》載(zai)：“明(ming)德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(子濟(ji)(ji)寧安僖王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang) )、德(de)(de)(de)懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)懷王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)恭王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)定王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)端王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)俱在(zai)縣東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)四(si)(si)十(shi)里(li)青崖(ya)(ya)山(shan)之陽”。 青崖(ya)(ya)山(shan)，現(xian)名青崖(ya)(ya)寨(zhai)山(shan)，又(you)名青巖山(shan)，海拔554米(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)綿(mian)延二三千米(mi)(mi)。諸德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)即分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)青崖(ya)(ya)寨(zhai)山(shan)以南(nan)(nan)、以東(dong)(dong)，各(ge)(ge)倚枕一(yi)(yi)(yi)支脈(mo)而建(jian)(jian)。1993年(nian)(nian)春，濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)市和長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)縣文(wen)物部(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)對德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)進行了勘查，并搶(qiang)救性發掘(jue)清(qing)(qing)理了德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。 由(you)于本世紀50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)以來當地(di)村民取用陵(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)，各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑刻(ke)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)生均已(yi)不(bu)(bu)存(cun)，多數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)的(de)垣墻(qiang)(qiang)也已(yi)傾(qing)圮(pi)。因(yin)此，除已(yi)發掘(jue)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)之外(wai)，其(qi)(qi)余各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主身份不(bu)(bu)明(ming)。各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)陵(ling)(ling)園平(ping)面(mian)均呈馬蹄形，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)303～276米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)286～100米(mi)(mi)。有內(nei)(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)(liang)重垣墻(qiang)(qiang)，陵(ling)(ling)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、金水(shui)橋、院落、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)封(feng)土(tu)沿山(shan)勢依(yi)次向上(shang)(shang)對稱(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)。 已(yi)發掘(jue)的(de)德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(朱見(jian)(jian)?)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)最(zui)大(da)(da)。與其(qi)(qi)他(ta)各(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)垣墻(qiang)(qiang)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)是，其(qi)(qi)雙重垣墻(qiang)(qiang)均為(wei)(wei)土(tu)坯(pi)墻(qiang)(qiang)。現(xian)僅于東(dong)(dong)北側保留一(yi)(yi)(yi)段長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約47.5米(mi)(mi)的(de)外(wai)垣墻(qiang)(qiang)。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)金水(shui)橋、享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等地(di)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)筑均已(yi)不(bu)(bu)存(cun)，但原址處尚有綠琉璃瓦等遺(yi)跡(ji)、遺(yi)物。地(di)宮(gong)位于享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正后方，磚石(shi)(shi)(shi)結構(gou)(gou)，建(jian)(jian)于距地(di)表深13余米(mi)(mi)的(de)巖坑(keng)之內(nei)(nei)，由(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)、前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)組成(cheng)，南(nan)(nan)北總長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(內(nei)(nei))17.02米(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)總寬(kuan)(內(nei)(nei))11.90米(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)為(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)46.1米(mi)(mi)的(de)斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)側為(wei)(wei)金剛墻(qiang)(qiang)，高(gao)(gao)6.18米(mi)(mi)，其(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)磚砌平(ping)臺，平(ping)臺后建(jian)(jian)有長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)18.9米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)3.54米(mi)(mi)的(de)擋土(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)。平(ping)臺以下(xia)為(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓，額枋上(shang)(shang)刻(ke)二龍(long)戲珠圖案。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓下(xia)為(wei)(wei)半(ban)圓券(quan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞，高(gao)(gao)4.26米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)2.90米(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞外(wai)側填土(tu)之上(shang)(shang)放(fang)德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱見(jian)(jian)?及(ji)其(qi)(qi)妃劉氏(shi)的(de)兩(liang)(liang)合(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)。前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)11.90米(mi)(mi)、南(nan)(nan)北寬(kuan)5.36米(mi)(mi)，下(xia)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)須彌座(zuo)式墻(qiang)(qiang)，上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)磚構(gou)(gou)。頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)南(nan)(nan)北起券(quan)，高(gao)(gao)6.58米(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結構(gou)(gou)相同，下(xia)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)構(gou)(gou)，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)磚構(gou)(gou)，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)起券(quan)。均長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5.51米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)4.14米(mi)(mi)、高(gao)(gao)4.80米(mi)(mi)。兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間有窗隧相通。兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正中(zhong)與前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)(xi)側各(ge)(ge)置一(yi)(yi)(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)須彌座(zuo)式棺(guan)床(chuang)。西(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)與墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)形制相同，唯不(bu)(bu)及(ji)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)、厚重。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)有三個(ge)盜洞。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)(nei)骨(gu)架散亂，朱漆(qi)棺(guan)、槨板(ban)及(ji)箱板(ban)隨處可(ke)見(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)均被(bei)砸碎(sui)，隨葬(zang)(zang)品(pin)已(yi)被(bei)盜掠一(yi)(yi)(yi)空(kong)。掘(jue)出土(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)及(ji)地(di)宮(gong)內(nei)(nei)情況可(ke)知(zhi)，東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)葬(zang)(zang)德(de)(de)(de)莊王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱見(jian)(jian)?及(ji)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)妃劉氏(shi)，前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)葬(zang)(zang)其(qi)(qi)子濟(ji)(ji)寧安僖王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。 德(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)，是目前(qian)所知(zhi)規模最(zui)大(da)(da)、保存(cun)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)完(wan)整的(de)明(ming)代(dai)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)家族墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。對于明(ming)代(dai)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)葬(zang)(zang)制度的(de)研究(jiu)，具有重要意義。
鐘天地之靈 
