伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)廟(miao)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)東省濟(ji)寧市微(wei)山(shan)縣兩城鎮(zhen)劉莊村境內,是(shi)(shi)濟(ji)寧市現存較(jiao)早的(de)(de)廟(miao)宇建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)陵臺(tai)基高筑(zhu),伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)廟(miao)即在其上。陵臺(tai)長40.5米(mi),寬34.6米(mi),面積為1401.3平方米(mi),臺(tai)高4.6米(mi)。陵臺(tai)四周條石(shi)砌壘,非常壯觀。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)陵后有(you)圣母(mu)池泉,陵前又與西側諸泉交匯,青(qing)(qing)山(shan)碧野,流(liu)水潺潺,美麗(li)的(de)(de)景觀,吸引著歷代文人墨客,有(you)不少詩篇(pian)載入“地方志(zhi)”。位于(yu)(yu)(yu)兩城鄉劉莊村西北30米(mi)處,背依鳳(feng)凰山(shan),面朝(chao)獨山(shan)湖。廟(miao)后有(you)“六合”“圣母(mu)”等(deng)(deng)諸泉匯流(liu)。廟(miao)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)陵臺(tai)之(zhi)上,數里之(zhi)外,即可看(kan)到(dao)。伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)廟(miao)原是(shi)(shi)一組完整(zheng)的(de)(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群,前有(you)三(san)圣閣,后有(you)女媧殿,伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)殿建(jian)(jian)在中(zhong)心部位,并配(pei)以鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou)、廟(miao)門等(deng)(deng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),繞以青(qing)(qing)石(shi)圍墻。
據(ju)《魏(wei)書·地形志》載(zai):“高平(ping)(ping),二漢屬山(shan)陽……有(you)癡(chi)水、千秋城(cheng)、湖陸城(cheng)、齊城(cheng)、高平(ping)(ping)山(shan)、承雀山(shan)、伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)廟。”據(ju)此,伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)廟雖然創(chuang)建年代不詳,但在魏(wei)時就已為名勝。
《十三(san)道(dao)圖·圖經》載:“單州(zhou)魚臺(tai)縣東北七十里曰辛興村,其間有(you)(you)(you)(you)伏羲(xi)皇帝之陵,陵上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)廟(miao)。”唐、宋(song)、元、明(ming)皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)修(xiu)碑(bei)刻(ke)。由于年久(jiu)失(shi)修(xiu),許多建筑(zhu)被拆(chai)除,墻垣倒(dao)塌殆盡,現唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)留(liu)存的(de)建筑(zhu)物——伏羲(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。伏羲(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)坐落(luo)在青石(shi)云臺(tai)(即伏羲(xi)陵)上(shang)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)闊5間,進深3間,長15.4米(mi),寬9米(mi),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)138.6平方米(mi)。建筑(zhu)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)單檐歇山(shan)式(shi)(shi),斗(dou)拱(gong)結構(gou),單華拱(gong)、三(san)下昂、七鋪座(zuo)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)柱(zhu)六重(zhong)梁(liang)九檁,長鼓狀石(shi)礎(chu)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東西兩(liang)(liang)側各有(you)(you)(you)(you)4根(gen),前后各有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)根(gen)八(ba)(ba)棱形(xing)(xing)石(shi)柱(zhu);前面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)6根(gen),后面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)4根(gen)木柱(zhu)。兩(liang)(liang)稍間為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)間斗(dou)拱(gong),中(zhong)(zhong)間3間檐下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)(liang)座(zuo)補間斗(dou)拱(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內梁(liang)、檁、椽、柱(zhu)上(shang)均(jun)施以彩繪,因(yin)年代久(jiu)遠現已模糊(hu)不清。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黃綠(lv)色琉璃瓦,脊瓦作對吻(wen)云龍(long)圖案。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)頂(ding)檁上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大明(ming)嘉靖(jing)三(san)十九年重(zhong)修(xiu)”字樣。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內現還(huan)存有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)碑(bei)兩(liang)(liang)幢(chuang):一(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蒙古中(zhong)(zhong)統(tong)二年(1261年)《重(zhong)修(xiu)伏羲(xi)圣祖(zu)廟(miao)碑(bei)》,一(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)萬歷四十一(yi)(yi)年(1613年)《重(zhong)修(xiu)伏羲(xi)廟(miao)碑(bei)》。
國務院核定公布了(le)第七批全(quan)國重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位(共計1943處(chu))以及與現有全(quan)國重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位合并的項目(共計47處(chu)),微山(shan)縣兩城鎮伏羲廟榜上有名(ming)。被評為全(quan)國重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)古跡。