伏(fu)羲(xi)廟位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)山東(dong)省(sheng)濟寧市微山縣兩城鎮劉(liu)莊村境內,是(shi)(shi)濟寧市現存較早的廟宇(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。伏(fu)羲(xi)陵(ling)(ling)臺基高筑(zhu),伏(fu)羲(xi)廟即在其上。陵(ling)(ling)臺長40.5米(mi),寬34.6米(mi),面積為1401.3平方米(mi),臺高4.6米(mi)。陵(ling)(ling)臺四周條石砌壘,非常壯觀(guan)。由于(yu)(yu)伏(fu)羲(xi)陵(ling)(ling)后有圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)池泉(quan)(quan),陵(ling)(ling)前(qian)又與西(xi)側諸泉(quan)(quan)交匯,青山碧(bi)野(ye),流水潺(chan)潺(chan),美(mei)麗的景觀(guan),吸引著(zhu)歷代(dai)文人墨客,有不(bu)少詩篇載(zai)入“地(di)方志”。位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)兩城鄉劉(liu)莊村西(xi)北30米(mi)處,背依鳳凰山,面朝獨山湖(hu)。廟后有“六(liu)合(he)”“圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)”等(deng)諸泉(quan)(quan)匯流。廟建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)陵(ling)(ling)臺之上,數里之外,即可看(kan)到(dao)。伏(fu)羲(xi)廟原是(shi)(shi)一組完整的古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群,前(qian)有三圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)閣,后有女媧殿,伏(fu)羲(xi)殿建(jian)(jian)在中心部位(wei)(wei),并(bing)配以鐘(zhong)樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou)、廟門等(deng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),繞以青石圍墻。
據《魏(wei)書·地(di)形(xing)志》載:“高(gao)平,二(er)漢屬山陽……有(you)癡(chi)水、千秋城、湖(hu)陸城、齊城、高(gao)平山、承(cheng)雀山、伏(fu)羲廟(miao)。”據此,伏(fu)羲廟(miao)雖然創建年代不詳,但在魏(wei)時就(jiu)已(yi)為名勝(sheng)。
《十三道圖(tu)·圖(tu)經》載:“單(dan)州魚(yu)臺(tai)(tai)縣東北七十里曰辛(xin)興村,其間(jian)(jian)有(you)伏(fu)(fu)羲皇帝之(zhi)陵(ling),陵(ling)上有(you)廟(miao)。”唐、宋、元、明皆有(you)重(zhong)修(xiu)碑刻(ke)。由于年(nian)久失修(xiu),許多建筑(zhu)(zhu)被拆除,墻垣倒塌殆盡,現(xian)唯(wei)一(yi)留存(cun)的建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)——伏(fu)(fu)羲殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。伏(fu)(fu)羲殿(dian)(dian)(dian)坐落在青石(shi)云(yun)臺(tai)(tai)(即伏(fu)(fu)羲陵(ling))上。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面闊5間(jian)(jian),進深3間(jian)(jian),長15.4米(mi),寬9米(mi),面積138.6平方米(mi)。建筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式為單(dan)檐(yan)歇(xie)山式,斗(dou)(dou)拱結(jie)構(gou),單(dan)華拱、三下(xia)昂、七鋪座。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為八柱六重(zhong)梁(liang)九(jiu)檁(lin),長鼓狀石(shi)礎。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東西兩側(ce)各有(you)4根(gen)(gen),前(qian)后各有(you)兩根(gen)(gen)八棱形(xing)石(shi)柱;前(qian)面有(you)6根(gen)(gen),后面有(you)4根(gen)(gen)木(mu)柱。兩稍間(jian)(jian)為一(yi)座間(jian)(jian)斗(dou)(dou)拱,中間(jian)(jian)3間(jian)(jian)檐(yan)下(xia)為兩座補間(jian)(jian)斗(dou)(dou)拱。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)梁(liang)、檁(lin)、椽、柱上均施以(yi)彩繪,因年(nian)代(dai)久遠現(xian)已模糊不清。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂為黃綠(lv)色(se)琉璃瓦,脊(ji)瓦作對(dui)吻云(yun)龍(long)圖(tu)案(an)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中頂檁(lin)上有(you)大明嘉靖三十九(jiu)年(nian)重(zhong)修(xiu)”字樣。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)現(xian)還存(cun)有(you)石(shi)碑兩幢:一(yi)為蒙古中統二年(nian)(1261年(nian))《重(zhong)修(xiu)伏(fu)(fu)羲圣祖廟(miao)碑》,一(yi)為明萬歷(li)四(si)十一(yi)年(nian)(1613年(nian))《重(zhong)修(xiu)伏(fu)(fu)羲廟(miao)碑》。
國(guo)(guo)務院核定公(gong)布了第七批(pi)全國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(共計1943處)以及與現有(you)全國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物保(bao)護單位合并的項目(mu)(共計47處),微(wei)山(shan)縣兩城鎮伏羲廟榜上有(you)名。被評為全國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物古跡(ji)。