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建筑結構

該寺(si)座北面南，兩(liang)進院，創建于北宋(song)(song)(song)開(kai)寶四(si)年（971），歷代(dai)(dai)屢有(you)修葺(qi)。現(xian)存建筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)山門、中(zhong)(zhong)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、鐘鼓樓及(ji)東(dong)(dong)西配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、兩(liang)廡等。中(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)代(dai)(dai)早期建筑(zhu)(zhu)，后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)明代(dai)(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)，其(qi)余建筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)清代(dai)(dai)遺物(wu)。中(zhong)(zhong)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，居院內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)央，雄(xiong)健古(gu)樸，穩(wen)重壯觀。據(ju)寺(si)內(nei)現(xian)存宋(song)(song)(song)淳化二年（991）碑文記載，創建于宋(song)(song)(song)《營(ying)造法式(shi)》頒行之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)北宋(song)(song)(song)開(kai)寶年間(jian)(jian)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)身面闊三間(jian)(jian)，進深六椽(chuan)，單檐九脊頂(ding)，筒板布瓦蓋頂(ding)，上(shang)(shang)施(shi)琉(liu)璃(li)吻獸。該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在許多(duo)地(di)方沿(yan)襲唐(tang)制，柱頭無普柏杭(hang)。斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)七鋪作(zuo)，雙抄(chao)雙下昂，昂為(wei)批竹式(shi)，昂尾壓(ya)在四(si)椽(chuan)袱下皮。補間(jian)(jian)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)五鋪作(zuo)，雙抄(chao)偷(tou)心(xin)造，下部無櫨斗(dou)和(he)直斗(dou)與唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)五臺山佛(fo)光寺(si)東(dong)(dong)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一致(zhi)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)梁(liang)架徹(che)上(shang)(shang)露(lu)明造，使用的(de)(de)一對“斷(duan)(duan)梁(liang)”，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)奇特(te)，是民間(jian)(jian)匠(jiang)師獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)創造，這在建筑(zhu)(zhu)史上(shang)(shang)具有(you)較高的(de)(de)實踐意義。斷(duan)(duan)梁(liang)是利用兩(liang)根直徑、長短相等的(de)(de)短梁(liang)對接成，“斷(duan)(duan)梁(liang)”正中(zhong)(zhong)縫下，用順袱來(lai)承(cheng)托，兩(liang)端架于前(qian)(qian)后檐柱斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)后尾上(shang)(shang)，并將尾蓋重力平衡到(dao)前(qian)(qian)后檐柱之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)，這一建筑(zhu)(zhu)特(te)點(dian)是古(gu)代(dai)(dai)匠(jiang)師因材設計：小(xiao)村(cun)大用的(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)創舉。三間(jian)(jian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇，七鋪作(zuo)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)，出(chu)檐之(zhi)深遠，又超(chao)過(guo)了五代(dai)(dai)時期的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)平遙鎮國寺(si)萬佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)風格(ge)當屬(shu)古(gu)制。崇明寺(si)中(zhong)(zhong)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在建筑(zhu)(zhu)風格(ge)上(shang)(shang)沿(yan)襲唐(tang)風，并且結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)獨(du)特(te)，可謂我國古(gu)代(dai)(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)一枝(zhi)獨(du)放的(de)(de)奇花，具有(you)很高的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術價值(zhi)。

相關記載

道(dao)光《修武縣志(zhi)·金(jin)石(shi)志(zhi)》記(ji)載有兩(liang)通關于崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)石(shi)的古碑，一(yi)通為(wei)(wei)(wei)至正十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1350年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）元代(dai)禮(li)部郎(lang)中張琬撰的《五(wu)里源崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)碑》（以(yi)下簡稱張琬碑），一(yi)通為(wei)(wei)(wei)嘉靖十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1534年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）明(ming)(ming)(ming)代(dai)禮(li)部侍郎(lang)何瑭撰的《重修五(wu)里源崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)碑》（以(yi)下簡稱何瑭碑），張琬碑云(yun)“茲(zi)寺(si)(si)(si)，大(da)禪師(shi)稠(chou)公之所創”，何瑭碑云(yun)“屯西南有崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)，蓋禪師(shi)稠(chou)公之所建(jian)也(ye)(ye)”，兩(liang)碑都認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)此寺(si)(si)(si)的創建(jian)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)稠(chou)禪師(shi)。稠(chou)禪師(shi)，稠(chou)禪師(shi)（510～585），名慧(hui)，北(bei)(bei)朝魏齊間鄴（今(jin)河北(bei)(bei)臨漳(zhang)縣西）人。他是我(wo)國(guo)歷史(shi)上最(zui)早有文獻記(ji)載的佛門(men)著名武僧(seng)和少林寺(si)(si)(si)二祖。北(bei)(bei)齊天寶七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（557年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），稠(chou)禪師(shi)奉文宣帝旨意(yi)，在太行山一(yi)帶沿山建(jian)寺(si)(si)(si)二十(shi)多所，在天門(men)山腰首(shou)建(jian)大(da)護(hu)(hu)國(guo)仁王寺(si)(si)(si)，即(ji)今(jin)天的百(bai)家巖寺(si)(si)(si)。又據張琬碑，其(qi)篆額有“百(bai)巖崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)碑，大(da)護(hu)(hu)國(guo)仁王寺(si)(si)(si)下院”，則知五(wu)里源崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)家巖寺(si)(si)(si)的下院，其(qi)建(jian)寺(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)也(ye)(ye)當在北(bei)(bei)齊天寶年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間。據此推算，崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)已有1450多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的歷史(shi)。

崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)建成(cheng)后，因其位于縣(xian)城(cheng)和百(bai)家巖(yan)正(zheng)中，且是(shi)縣(xian)城(cheng)去百(bai)家巖(yan)的(de)必經之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處，因此無論善男信女還是(shi)文人騷客，慕名(ming)(ming)前往(wang)百(bai)家巖(yan)的(de)，無不先到崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)或(huo)先禮佛，或(huo)作小(xiao)憩，又(you)因這里(li)風景絕佳，由(you)此崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)寺(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)大噪(zao)，遂成(cheng)一處名(ming)(ming)剎(cha)兼名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)。張琬碑(bei)稱其“負太行(xing)而揖嵩少(shao)，東連乎(hu)蘇門、百(bai)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幽(you)勝(sheng)，西(xi)接乎(hu)濟水、盤(pan)谷(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清雅(ya)，風氣淳(chun)淑，民物繁伙，加以水竹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)秀，村落之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁(pang)午，稻塍蔬圃(pu)，雞犬相(xiang)聞，故高人勝(sheng)士聯鏕并(bing)駕，游詠不乏(fa)，盛境振(zhen)名(ming)(ming)于懷衛”，贊其為(wei)“實中土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杰(jie)區(qu)，空門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福地”，而何(he)瑭碑(bei)則(ze)記(ji)其“北負太行(xing)，東連百(bai)泉(quan)，西(xi)去海(hai)蟾宮里(li)許，宮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前有泉(quan)涌出(chu)，下流寺(si)(si)側，蓋寧城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)地也”。

崇明寺(si)(si)代(dai)有(you)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)葺，有(you)明確記(ji)載的(de)(de)有(you)：至(zhi)正(zheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)，住(zhu)持(chi)僧(seng)因資、因全(quan)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。因資俗姓霍(huo)氏，河(he)內人，出家于河(he)內天圣(sheng)院(yuan)；因全(quan)，俗姓師氏，清(qing)華人，為因資師弟，因資圓(yuan)寂后繼任(ren)本(ben)(ben)寺(si)(si)住(zhu)持(chi)。此次重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，由當(dang)(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)翰林文字同知(zhi)兼國(guo)史院(yuan)編(bian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)官奉議大夫禮部郎(lang)中(zhong)張(zhang)琬為之(zhi)作記(ji)。明代(dai)成化(hua)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)，僧(seng)官祥(xiang)俊(jun)及(ji)(ji)其弟子妙淳、妙慶重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，由當(dang)(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)河(he)南按察使(shi)楊徽為之(zhi)作記(ji)；嘉靖二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1523年(nian)(nian)(nian)），由當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)耆老杭鑒及(ji)(ji)其子杭彪(biao)州捐銀一(yi)百兩及(ji)(ji)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)信士共同資助，本(ben)(ben)寺(si)(si)住(zhu)持(chi)廣堅(jian)、清(qing)應等主持(chi)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，歷時(shi)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)半，于嘉靖四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十月完工，重(zhong)建雷音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)、伽藍(lan)殿(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)方丈六(liu)間(jian)(jian)。此次重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，由當(dang)(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)禮部右侍郎(lang)何瑭為之(zhi)作記(ji)。另據道光《修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)武縣志(zhi)·寺(si)(si)觀(guan)附》記(ji)載，百家巖寺(si)(si)曾(ceng)一(yi)度傾廢(fei)，其僧(seng)眾皆(jie)居于五(wu)里(li)源之(zhi)崇明寺(si)(si)，由此可見當(dang)(dang)時(shi)崇明寺(si)(si)規模之(zhi)盛。但至(zhi)道光年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)，雖然該寺(si)(si)頗具“花木竹柏之(zhi)勝”，但已(yi)墻垣(yuan)頹敗，寺(si)(si)僧(seng)寥落無(wu)存(cun)。其后有(you)無(wu)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，不得(de)而知(zhi)。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)，五(wu)里(li)源村有(you)心(xin)之(zhi)士根據當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)老年(nian)(nian)(nian)人的(de)(de)回憶，繪制了(le)民國(guo)時(shi)期的(de)(de)崇明寺(si)(si)示意(yi)圖，閱(yue)圖可知(zhi)，當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)崇明寺(si)(si)有(you)山(shan)門一(yi)間(jian)(jian)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)廊廡(wu)各(ge)(ge)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)佛殿(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian)，大佛殿(dian)(dian)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)佛殿(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)南有(you)鐘樓一(yi)座，大佛殿(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)側有(you)觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)，觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)(dian)還有(you)地(di)(di)(di)下室，另有(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)各(ge)(ge)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)，最后為僧(seng)房十一(yi)間(jian)(jian)。當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)百姓傳說，廟中(zhong)大殿(dian)(dian)梁(liang)上雖然長年(nian)(nian)(nian)無(wu)人打(da)掃，卻從無(wu)積塵，也無(wu)本(ben)(ben)寺(si)(si)一(yi)奇。

據現在(zai)主持募修的五(wu)(wu)里源信徒郝小(xiao)具說，此寺在(zai)日偽時期被徹底(di)拆除，用于修建(jian)本村炮(pao)樓和碉堡。上世(shi)紀六十(shi)年代(dai)初，國家加(jia)強基層醫療衛(wei)生(sheng)機(ji)構建(jian)設，五(wu)(wu)里源公社(she)在(zai)原崇明(ming)寺的廢址上興建(jian)了(le)公社(she)衛(wei)生(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)，原來寺院(yuan)(yuan)的碑刻(ke)也散(san)落各處。十(shi)一屆三(san)中(zhong)全會后，宗教政策得到落實(shi)，當地(di)善男信女開始籌劃重建(jian)崇明(ming)寺。九十(shi)年代(dai)后期，信眾集資購買了(le)鄉衛(wei)生(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)后院(yuan)(yuan)作為安神之(zhi)(zhi)所，原碑刻(ke)文物也逐漸(jian)被找回，其(qi)中(zhong)就(jiu)有著名的唐(tang)代(dai)佛頂尊勝陀羅尼經幢和北宋魯(lu)遷之(zhi)(zhi)詩碣。