寺院格局
青龍寺坐北向南,沿中軸線的(de)(de)建筑依次為(wei)山門,腰殿(dian)(dian),同時又分為(wei)前(qian)院和(he)(he)后(hou)院。前(qian)院東側有十王殿(dian)(dian)。腰殿(dian)(dian)兩面三刀側有祖師(shi)殿(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)無名殿(dian)(dian);后(hou)院有東西廂(xiang)房,北殿(dian)(dian)兩側的(de)(de)伽藍(lan)殿(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)護法殿(dian)(dian)。該寺的(de)(de)面積東西長97米,南北寬70.7米共計6857.9平方(fang)米,約占10.39畝(mu)。
該現存建筑(zhu)系(xi)元、明遺物(wu),占地(di)約(yue)6000余平(ping)方米,分(fen)前后兩(liang)進院落,大小殿(dian)(dian)宇8座(zuo)。前院南有(you)四大天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)間(現改為(wei)(wei)(wei)山門),東為(wei)(wei)(wei)十王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)間,西為(wei)(wei)(wei)羅漢殿(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)間。后院以(yi)中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)和大殿(dian)(dian)及東西兩(liang)廂為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)間左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)垛殿(dian)(dian)各(ge)一,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)祖師殿(dian)(dian),右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青龍(long)門。大殿(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)間,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)垛殿(dian)(dian)各(ge)一,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)法殿(dian)(dian),右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)伽藍(lan)殿(dian)(dian)。各(ge)殿(dian)(dian)塑像雖皆不存,但大殿(dian)(dian)、中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)和伽藍(lan)殿(dian)(dian)內保存有(you)壁畫196.38平(ping)方米,十分(fen)珍(zhen)貴,制(zhi)作跨(kua)元、明兩(liang)個時期。
主要壁畫
大殿(dian)(dian)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)據南壁(bi)(bi)窗檻畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工題(ti)記為(wei)(wei)明洪武(wu)十八年(1385)補繪或(huo)重(zhong)裝(zhuang)。唯只(zhi)西南隅少(shao)部(bu)分粉墨為(wei)(wei)元代印跡。中殿(dian)(dian)四壁(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)“水陸畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”,是青龍寺壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中的精(jing)華所在(zai)。該殿(dian)(dian)全部(bu)構圖共有人(ren)(ren)(ren)物300余眾,分畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在(zai)130平方米的墻面(mian)上(shang)。 西壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)三(san)世(shi)佛和(he)禮佛圖,下為(wei)(wei)道教萬(wan)神圖;北(bei)壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)十八羅漢,下為(wei)(wei)十殿(dian)(dian)閻君、六道輪回(hui)等,另有陰曹地府行(xing)刑場面(mian);東墻壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)因(yin)日曬(shai)雨淋,眉目難辨。以上(shang)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)雖是宣(xuan)傳(chuan)封建禮儀和(he)宗教迷信,但畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)面(mian)結構嚴謹,筆力遒勁流暢(chang),色彩柔和(he)協(xie)調,人(ren)(ren)(ren)物繁(fan)而(er)不亂(luan),人(ren)(ren)(ren)體比例適度,造型優美,形象生(sheng)動(dong),衣飾飄(piao)然(ran),栩栩如生(sheng)。它繼(ji)承了我國唐宋(song)以來的繪畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)表(biao)現技巧,被視為(wei)(wei)元、明兩代繪畫(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)杰(jie)作。
青(qing)龍寺(si)的壁畫主要分布在大殿(dian)和腰殿(dian)系。大殿(dian)也稱(cheng)大雄寶(bao)殿(dian),腰殿(dian)也稱(cheng)立佛殿(dian),大殿(dian)和腰殿(dian)系五架(jia)三間(jian),進深8米單檐懸山頂,單昂五鋪(pu)作(zuo),筒瓦覆頂,內均繪水陸(lu)畫。
青(qing)龍寺(si)磊雄寶殿的壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua),主要畫(hua)于東壁(bi)(bi)和(he)西(xi)壁(bi)(bi)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)。東壁(bi)(bi)是《佛說法圖(tu)》,在東山(shan)墻上(shang)(shang)(shang),釋(shi)迦牟尼慈(ci)祥端(duan)莊,穩坐中央,文(wen)殊,普(pu)賢(xian)二菩(pu)薩分(fen)坐左(zuo)右(you),前站阿難,迦葉二弟子(zi),左(zuo)右(you)排列古大(da)護法金剛,上(shang)(shang)(shang)有人(ren)首烏身的飛天,后有聽法的天帝及(ji)飛天凌空,瓊樓(lou)玉閣(ge),氣(qi)勢宏偉,甚為(wei)壯觀(guan)。西(xi)壁(bi)(bi)是《彌(mi)(mi)勒(le)變》,在西(xi)壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),正中為(wei)彌(mi)(mi)勒(le)佛,左(zuo)右(you)為(wei)觀(guan)音(yin)和(he)地藏菩(pu)薩,南側畫(hua)有剃度圖(tu)。正彌(mi)(mi)勒(le)佛的下(xia)部,畫(hua)有善財和(he)龍女(nv),上(shang)(shang)(shang)部畫(hua)有人(ren)首鳥翅的伽樓(lou)羅護侍(shi),手(shou)捧果盤,乘瑞云飛翔(xiang)。
腰殿的(de)(de)(de)壁畫(hua)(hua),是青龍寺壁畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)華(hua)部(bu)分。它(ta)是佛(fo)、道(dao)、儒三教組成的(de)(de)(de)水陸(lu)道(dao)場(chang)畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)華(hua)部(bu)分,其主旨是宣(xuan)揚六道(dao)貌岸然(ran)輪回。因果報就,超度亡(wang)魂(hun),祈求冥神(shen)速等。在西壁上部(bu)畫(hua)(hua)有(you)豎(shu)三世(shi)(shi)佛(fo),在三世(shi)(shi)佛(fo)的(de)(de)(de)下部(bu),畫(hua)(hua)有(you)禮佛(fo)圖。在禮佛(fo)圖中,刻畫(hua)(hua)出了頭戴(dai)各種冠冕的(de)(de)(de)帝王、太子(zi)、諸(zhu)王、文武大(da)(da)臣和侍從像以及皇后、女官、侍女、命婦等像。在禮佛(fo)圖的(de)(de)(de)下部(bu),畫(hua)(hua)有(you)左右護法善神(shen)眾(zhong)、鬼子(zi)母眾(zhong)、普天列耀(yao)星眾(zhong),諸(zhu)大(da)(da)羅剎將眾(zhong)、五方五帝神(shen)眾(zhong)、五道(dao)仙人(ren)眾(zhong)等。
在腰(yao)殿南壁殿門兩側上部(bu),畫有十大(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)像。明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang),按(an)照(zhao)佛教教義的(de)說法是佛、菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的(de)忿怒像,一般是多面(mian)多臂、身騎怪售、手拿(na)法器。十大(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang),是八大(da)(da)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)外(wai)加二(er)佛所變。這(zhe)十大(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)是:大(da)(da)力明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)釋迦牟尼佛;大(da)(da)輪(lun)明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)彌(mi)勒菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);甘(gan)露軍咤明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)阿彌(mi)陀(tuo)佛;大(da)(da)威德明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)文殊(shu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);馬首明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)觀音(yin)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);步(bu)擲明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)普(pu)賢菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);無能勝明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)地(di)藏菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);大(da)(da)笑明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)虛(xu)空(kong)藏菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);降三(san)世(shi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)金剛首菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);不動明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)除蓋障菩(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)。在十大(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)的(de)下側,畫有年(nian)、月、日(ri)、時四值(zhi)使者(zhe),這(zhe)是源于道教中(zhong)執掌年(nian)、月、日(ri)、時的(de)四位值(zhi)日(ri)神。在四值(zhi)使者(zhe)的(de)下部(bu),歷史人物相(xiang)象較(jiao)多,表(biao)現的(de)有儒(ru)家的(de)始祖——孔子,唐太宗李世(shi)民,唐貴妃(fei)楊玉(yu)環,宋(song)祖趙匡胤,漢名臣(chen)蘇武(wu),三(san)國名臣(chen)諸(zhu)葛亮,三(san)國名將關(guan)羽,張飛等。
在腰殿北(bei)壁(bi)西側(ce),繪有佛教中的(de)(de)九橫(heng)死(si)(si)生(sheng)像(xiang),以(yi)及(ji)阿(a)難和焰口(kou)。這(zhe)組壁(bi)畫生(sheng)動地再現了(le)九橫(heng)死(si)(si)眾(zhong)生(sheng)像(xiang),同時體現了(le)身形焦枯,口(kou)內燃火,咽如針,肚(du)大如鼓的(de)(de)面然鬼王的(de)(de)餓鬼形象(xiang)。
青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)寺的(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)共有(you)一(yi)百九十余(yu)(yu)平(ping)方米,其中(zhong)(zhong)腰殿四壁(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)最為精彩(cai),共畫(hua)(hua)有(you)五百余(yu)(yu)尊大小(xiao)不同的(de)(de)神像人物,上(shang)下三層(ceng)交錯,大小(xiao)依(yi)次排列(lie),錯落有(you)致,這對(dui)研究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)宗教(jiao)美術和宗教(jiao)發(fa)展史都是(shi)極其寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)資料。青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)寺壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua),內(nei)容(rong)豐富,形象(xiang)突出(chu),情節生(sheng)動,層(ceng)次分明,千姿百態,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生(sheng),結構嚴(yan)謹,筆力剛健,表現(xian)出(chu)了(le)古(gu)代繪畫(hua)(hua)藝術的(de)(de)高(gao)超(chao)技(ji)術和技(ji)能。維修后的(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)寺古(gu)建筑(zhu)肅(su)穆莊嚴(yan),中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)是(shi)整潔(jie)的(de)(de)磚砌(qi)通道,各式古(gu)碑排列(lie)有(you)序,通道兩邊,花(hua)木(mu)爭芳(fang),柏參天,是(shi)研究(jiu)古(gu)建壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)藝術和佛(fo)教(jiao)文化圣地。