1937年7月,八路軍(jun)軍(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu),遵照朱德總司令(ling)和左權參(can)謀長的指示,將榆次(ci)韓莊的修配所遷到這里(li)。在黃崖洞水(shui)窯山建(jian)立(li)兵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠,建(jian)廠初只(zhi)有200多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人,經(jing)半年邊(bian)生(sheng)產,邊(bian)建(jian)設發(fa)展(zhan)到近700人,取(qu)名“軍(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所一所”,受軍(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)直接領導,對外稱“流動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作團”,后改稱“兵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)營”。主(zhu)要生(sheng)產步槍、手榴彈(dan)、馬尾彈(dan)、五零炮等。每年所生(sheng)產的武器可(ke)裝備十(shi)六個團,是當時八路軍(jun)的主(zhu)要兵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)基地。
1940年(nian)10月30日(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)寇(kou)辰岡(gang)崎(qi)大隊向黃崖洞發起進(jin)攻,敵(di)(di)(di)人雖在(zai)(zai)廠自衛隊的(de)(de)抗(kang)擊(ji)下,一無所獲,落(luo)敗而去(qu),也(ye)給我(wo)警衛部隊一次教訓。奉彭總(zong)命(ming)令(ling),在(zai)(zai)左權參謀長的(de)(de)指導下,加(jia)強了設防措(cuo)施。`1941年(nian)11月11日(ri)(ri)(ri)至19日(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)軍井(jing)吳三十(shi)六師團第四、第六混成(cheng)旅共五千余眾,陸空聯合(he),進(jin)犯(fan)黃崖洞,企圖一舉破壞兵工(gong)廠。八(ba)路軍總(zong)部特務團九百余名指戰(zhan)(zhan)員(yuan)奉命(ming)保衛,憑(ping)借天險與(yu)敵(di)(di)(di)血戰(zhan)(zhan)八(ba)晝夜,殲敵(di)(di)(di)千余人,贏得(de)了敵(di)(di)(di)我(wo)傷亡(wang)六與(yu)一比(bi)的(de)(de)輝(hui)煌戰(zhan)(zhan)績,“開中(zhong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)史上敵(di)(di)(di)我(wo)傷亡(wang)對比(bi)未(wei)有之記錄”,又一次粉碎了華(hua)北(bei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)軍妄(wang)圖摧(cui)毀(hui)我(wo)軍生產(chan)的(de)(de)陰謀。軍委在(zai)(zai)《戰(zhan)(zhan)役綜合(he)研究》一書中(zhong),評價這次保衛戰(zhan)(zhan)為“1941年(nian)以來(lai)反‘掃蕩’的(de)(de)模范戰(zhan)(zhan)斗”。
建(jian)國(guo)以后(hou),地方政(zheng)府一直把黃崖(ya)洞(dong)作為進(jin)(jin)行革命(ming)傳統(tong)教(jiao)育和(he)愛國(guo)主義教(jiao)育的場所(suo)。1972年(nian)在(zai)烈士墓千(qian)建(jian)起了(le)(le)“黃崖(ya)洞(dong)保(bao)(bao)衛(wei)戰(zhan)殉國(guo)烈士紀念塔(ta)”。從(cong)1982年(nian)起,多次投資,進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)修(xiu)(xiu)復和(he)建(jian)設(she),修(xiu)(xiu)了(le)(le)路、通了(le)(le)電,修(xiu)(xiu)復了(le)(le)20多間(jian)廠房和(he)左權(quan)辦公室,新(xin)建(jian)了(le)(le)“展覽亭(ting)(ting)(ting)”“鎮(zhen)倭塔(ta)”“血花(hua)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)”“飛虹亭(ting)(ting)(ting)”等景點(dian)建(jian)筑,還在(zai)入(ru)口處(chu)建(jian)起了(le)(le)由(you)鄧小平同志親(qin)自題額的牌樓(lou)。黃崖(ya)洞(dong)更(geng)加壯麗。1982年(nian)公布(bu)為縣級文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。1996年(nian)1月12日(ri)山(shan)西省人民政(zheng)府公布(bu)為省第三(san)批重點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。