省立一中具(ju)有(you)光榮的革命傳統,是太原(yuan)市暨山(shan)西省中共(gong)黨團(tuan)組織(zhi)的誕(dan)生(sheng)地,被稱為(wei)山(shan)西革命史上(shang)的“南湖”,在中共(gong)發展史上(shang)具(ju)有(you)重要的意義。高君宇、王振(zhen)翼、賀(he)昌、王瀛、張叔(shu)平、張友(you)清、彭真等曾就讀于此。
這(zhe)里(li)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是明清時(shi)期山(shan)(shan)西的(de)貢(gong)院,1906年創(chuang)辦山(shan)(shan)西公立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)堂,1913年更名(ming)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)第(di)(di)一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)。五四運動時(shi),省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)進步學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)其他學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)進步學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)起,與(yu)當(dang)局進行堅決(jue)的(de)斗(dou)爭,取得了勝利(li)。高君宇、王振翼、賀昌、王瀛、張叔平、張友清、彭(peng)真等大批早(zao)期共(gong)產(chan)主義(yi)者和(he)無產(chan)階級革命(ming)家曾就讀于省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong),并從(cong)事革命(ming)活(huo)動。1921年5月(yue),以“喚醒勞工,改造社(she)會”為(wei)(wei)宗旨的(de)太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)社(she)會主義(yi)青(qing)年團(tuan)在省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)成立(li),這(zhe)是山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成立(li)的(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)個團(tuan)組(zu)織。1924年5月(yue),高君宇受中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)北(bei)方區(qu)委和(he)李大釗的(de)委派,在省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li)一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)建立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黨小組(zu)(后改為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)支部(bu)),這(zhe)也是在山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)建立(li)的(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)個共(gong)產(chan)黨組(zu)織。2002年10月(yue),山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府于彭(peng)真同志誕(dan)辰100周(zhou)年之際在此建起了中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)支部(bu)舊址(zhi)紀念(nian)館。2010年4月(yue)27日,經中(zhong)(zhong)央同意,正式定(ding)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)彭(peng)真生(sheng)(sheng)平暨(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)支部(bu)舊址(zhi)紀念(nian)館。2002年被(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)愛(ai)國(guo)主義(yi)教(jiao)育(yu)基地(di),2004年被(bei)山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人民政(zheng)府公布為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級重(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位,2009年被(bei)國(guo)家文物(wu)(wu)局評為(wei)(wei)“國(guo)家二(er)級博物(wu)(wu)館”,2009年9月(yue)被(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府和(he)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)軍區(qu)確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)防教(jiao)育(yu)基地(di)。 2013年5月(yue)入選第(di)(di)七批全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位。