簡介
真如寺在山西(xi)武鄉(xiang)縣城東40公里的韓北鄉(xiang)士(shi)河村中,創(chuang)建(jian)于元至治(zhi)三年(1323)。明弘治(zhi)、清(qing)康熙、乾隆年間均有(you)增(zeng)建(jian)與重修。
建筑
寺院(yuan)坐北向南,共(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩進院(yuan)落。中(zhong)(zhong)軸線上有(you)天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(俗稱南殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))、后大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)二樓(lou)位居(ju)天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩側,左(zuo)右廊廡配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對峙,共(gong)有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇三十余(yu)間(jian)(jian)。天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)二樓(lou)及(ji)前院(yuan)廊廡配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)于(yu)民國初年塌毀,其余(yu)主要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇尚(shang)存。后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建于(yu)寺院(yuan)的(de)高(gao)臺之上,面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深五(wu)椽(chuan),梁架為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)始材(cai)料(liao)(liao)粗略加(jia)工后施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)元代(dai)(dai)遺構。金柱(zhu)、檐(yan)柱(zhu)柱(zhu)頭卷(juan)舌圓潤,內(nei)額(e)縫間(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)大(da)替木,從(cong)用(yong)(yong)材(cai)選(xuan)料(liao)(liao)及(ji)形制(zhi)上分析(xi)仍沿襲了宋代(dai)(dai)的(de)制(zhi)作手法。兩山用(yong)(yong)四(si)柱(zhu),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)徹上露明(ming)造,梁架彩(cai)繪圖案,前檐(yan)柱(zhu)頭斗拱(gong)五(wu)鋪(pu)作重拱(gong)雙下昂,明(ming)次間(jian)(jian)柱(zhu)頭斗拱(gong)出(chu)45°斜拱(gong),各間(jian)(jian)均(jun)無補間(jian)(jian)鋪(pu)作。懸山式殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇灰(hui)(hui)脊灰(hui)(hui)獸(shou),筒板布瓦裝(zhuang)修,舉折較為(wei)(wei)(wei)平緩。南殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)居(ju)中(zhong)(zhong),面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深六椽(chuan),單檐(yan)歇山頂。四(si)檐(yan)各施(shi)(shi)三踩斗拱(gong),單下昂,前后檐(yan)明(ming)次間(jian)(jian)均(jun)施(shi)(shi)補間(jian)(jian)科(ke)。角科(ke)出(chu)斜昂,耍(shua)頭作昂型(xing),用(yong)(yong)鴛鴦(yang)交(jiao)首拱(gong)連接。
歷史
現存真如寺,有(you)正(zheng)殿(dian)五間,南殿(dian)三(san)(san)間,另外護(hu)法枷籃,鐘鼓樓(lou)以及庶郭畢具。其主建筑正(zheng)殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)闊五間,進深五椽(chuan),為(wei)(wei)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)造(zao)南殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)闊三(san)(san)間,進深六椽(chuan),為(wei)(wei)單檐歇山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)造(zao)。整(zheng)個寺院呈現濃郁的古典風味(wei),氳含典雅的佛教風情(qing)。真如寺始創年(nian)代(dai)(dai)已遠不可考。據碑(bei)文記載,至(zhi)北宋真宗祥符年(nian)間(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1008-1016)始有(you)真如寺之(zhi)名。元(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)(dai)至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)三(san)(san)年(nian),經重(zhong)修擴建,初步形成(cheng)一定格局。此后,曾在明代(dai)(dai)弘治十年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1497年(nian))、清康熙十三(san)(san)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1674年(nian))、乾隆三(san)(san)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1738年(nian))進行過(guo)多次重(zhong)修,但基本格局未變。
真如寺(si)(si)雖(sui)廟(miao)(miao)貌規(gui)模不甚宏偉(wei),但其(qi)歷史上在當地影響較為廣泛。最(zui)為典型的有每(mei)年(nian)四月的傳(chuan)統廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)和(he)臘月初八(ba)(ba)的雪山廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)。每(mei)逢廟(miao)(miao)會(hui),周圍(wei)數十(shi)里(li)村民老(lao)少云集,男女紛雜(za),各(ge)類雜(za)耍,技藝紛呈;商賈會(hui)聚(ju),百(bai)物交(jiao)流;文武社(she)火,熱鬧非凡。特別(bie)是每(mei)年(nian)臘月初八(ba)(ba)的雪山廟(miao)(miao)會(hui),遠近寺(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)和(he)尚僧(seng)眾抬著用灑水(shui)凍結而成(cheng)的雪花松枝(zhi),前(qian)來進香,形成(cheng)真如寺(si)(si)別(bie)具一格的獨(du)特風情。直至今天(tian),這里(li)仍然(ran)流傳(chuan)著"千層樹、八(ba)(ba)角井,三街六寺(si)(si)九觀音(yin),三十(shi)二(er)畝(mu)柳塘地,八(ba)(ba)十(shi)二(er)畝(mu)聚(ju)羊橋等(deng)等(deng)神(shen)話(hua)傳(chuan)說。
此外(wai),真如寺在歷史上曾收集了大量的名(ming)人碑(bei)(bei)刻,據《武鄉(xiang)縣志(zhi)》(舊志(zhi))載,其中較為(wei)有(you)名(ming)的碑(bei)(bei)刻有(you):兵部尚書(shu)魏云中所撰《大明創建敕(chi)封海讀王(wang)碑(bei)(bei)記(ji)》,進士任斗(dou)南(nan)撰附(fu)《縣尹李(li)公(gong)德政(zheng)之碑(bei)(bei)》等(deng)等(deng)。
真(zhen)如寺(si)不僅保(bao)存了(le)(le)元、明、清(qing)時期的古建筑,而且還是一(yi)(yi)處革(ge)命(ming)舊居。1939年7月15日(ri)至1940年11月4日(ri),八路軍總(zong)部(bu)野(ye)戰衛生部(bu)、總(zong)部(bu)醫院、總(zong)部(bu)衛生學校(xiao)曾駐扎在武鄉東部(bu)山區(qu)的土(tu)河坪村。總(zong)部(bu)衛生部(bu)、醫院和衛生學校(xiao)駐扎在真(zhen)如寺(si)內及附(fu)近群眾家中。野(ye)戰衛生部(bu)曾在附(fu)近一(yi)(yi)帶設(she)立材料分廠(chang)和制藥分廠(chang)。總(zong)部(bu)衛生部(bu)和醫院在這里治愈了(le)(le)大(da)批傷病員,并為我抗日(ri)根據地和抗日(ri)前線輸送了(le)(le)大(da)批醫務人才(cai)。
由于真(zhen)如寺存在較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)文化(hua)品(pin)味和文物價(jia)值(zhi),所以(yi)1980年8月1日,被(bei)專家(jia)評(ping)定并公布(bu)為山(shan)西省重點文物保護單位。
交通線路
1、長治---武鄉(xiang)
每天(tian)在長(chang)治客運(yun)中心有發(fa)往武鄉(xiang)的客車(che),發(fa)車(che)時間(jian)6:30--17:00,每30分鐘對開一趟。
太原---武鄉
每(mei)天在太原(yuan)建南汽車(che)站有發(fa)往武鄉的(de)客車(che),發(fa)車(che)時間6:30--16:00,每(mei)30分鐘(zhong)對開(kai)一趟。
2、武鄉縣城(cheng)有開往(wang)韓(han)北鄉的班車(che),然(ran)后(hou)包車(che)前(qian)往(wang)士河(he)村。