景點描述
崇慶寺在(zai)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)長子(zi)縣城東南22.5公(gong)里紫山(shan)腳下(xia)。寺后(hou)山(shan)峰(feng)環聳如屏,寺前松柏簇擁。山(shan)巔立有明代(dai)中州范志完所(suo)書“紫云(yun)山(shan)“石碑(bei)。寺建于(yu)北(bei)宋大中祥符九年(nian)(1016年(nian)),寺分(fen)前后(hou)兩院(yuan),后(hou)院(yuan)中有天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),四天王(wang)橫(heng)眉(mei)怒(nu)目,威(wei)武壯觀。左右臥佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與三大士殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),西(xi)(xi)北(bei)隅為地藏殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),千佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)居后(hou)院(yuan)正北(bei),梁架斗(dou)拱(gong)均(jun)屬宋制。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內有佛(fo)、菩薩(sa)像(xiang)三尊,西(xi)(xi)壁懸塑(su)人物局部殘壞。西(xi)(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內北(bei)宋元豐二(er)年(nian)(1079年(nian))塑(su)大力士及十(shi)八羅漢(han)像(xiang),西(xi)(xi)垛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內明初塑(su)地藏菩薩(sa)與十(shi)王(wang)像(xiang),塑(su)造技藝(yi)甚佳。
崇慶寺(si),位(wei)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省長子(zi)縣(xian)東(dong)南20公里(li)處的紫云山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰,寺(si)廟東(dong)、西(xi)、北(bei)三面環山(shan)(shan)(shan),寺(si)址規模不大(da)(da),坐北(bei)向南,寺(si)前青松翠柏簇(cu)擁,寺(si)后山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰環聳如屏。全寺(si)由(you)天(tian)王殿、千佛殿、臥佛殿、大(da)(da)士(shi)殿、地藏殿等(deng)殿堂組(zu)成(cheng)一個四(si)合院(yuan)(yuan)布局。寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)南側(ce)和東(dong)側(ce)分置關(guan)帝殿、給孤長者殿及方丈禪院(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)與天(tian)王殿為(wei)一殿兩用,是該寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)的正門(men)。現走偏門(men),經方丈院(yuan)(yuan),過(guo)月亮門(men)而入寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)。寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)始建于北(bei)宋大(da)(da)中祥符九年(公元1016年),明清(qing)兩代(dai)曾多次修葺。
千佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)是寺內主殿(dian),為(wei)(wei)宋大中祥符九(jiu)年(nian)(公元1016年(nian))興(xing)建,原(yuan)構(gou)(gou)依舊,殿(dian)內塑像亦是同(tong)時塑造(zao)(zao)。面(mian)寬三間(jian),進深(shen)三間(jian),六架(jia)(jia)椽(chuan)屋(wu)(wu),單檐九(jiu)脊殿(dian)式屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(歇山頂(ding)(ding)),平面(mian)呈正(zheng)方形(xing)。明間(jian)設(she)板(ban)門,次間(jian)安(an)破子欞(ling)窗,四周檐柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)向(xiang)內傾斜,形(xing)成側腳,角柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)增高(gao),造(zao)(zao)成升起,使屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)荷(he)重(zhong)向(xiang)當(dang)心聚集,以(yi)增強建筑的穩固力。檐下柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)間(jian)闌額、普(pu)拍(pai)枋(fang)俱全,柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)僅施柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)斗(dou)栱(gong),無補間(jian)鋪作,簡潔疏朗,古樸(pu)大方。斗(dou)栱(gong)栱(gong)頭(tou)卷瓣顯(xian)著(zhu),斗(dou)幽(you)較深(shen),制作手(shou)法(fa)尚(shang)襲(xi)唐代(dai)遺(yi)風(feng)。千佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)梁架(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)徹上(shang)(shang)露明造(zao)(zao),六架(jia)(jia)椽(chuan)屋(wu)(wu),四椽(chuan)栿對后乳栿用三柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),梁架(jia)(jia)絕(jue)大多數構(gou)(gou)件(jian)為(wei)(wei)宋代(dai)原(yuan)構(gou)(gou),結架(jia)(jia)合理,制作規范(fan)。千佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)梁架(jia)(jia),既(ji)無虛設(she)構(gou)(gou)件(jian),亦無重(zhong)復(fu)配置,技巧嫻熟,手(shou)法(fa)洗(xi)練,負重(zhong)均衡(heng)適度,結構(gou)(gou)合理有力,是我國宋代(dai)小(xiao)型(xing)殿(dian)宇中具有代(dai)表(biao)性的遺(yi)作。殿(dian)頂(ding)(ding)琉璃色(se)彩艷麗,造(zao)(zao)型(xing)生動(dong),窗欞(ling)式樣蒼古,仍為(wei)(wei)宋人(ren)舊作。殿(dian)內佛(fo)(fo)壇束腰須彌(mi)式,束腰剔地(di)突起雕(diao)(diao)花草(cao)紋,間(jian)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)獸面(mian),乃宋制無疑。壇上(shang)(shang)一(yi)佛(fo)(fo)二菩薩及(ji)背面(mian)側座觀音(yin)像,雖經后人(ren)重(zhong)裝,面(mian)相、衣飾(shi)、手(shou)法(fa)以(yi)及(ji)華(hua)麗無比的泥塑背光為(wei)(wei)明代(dai)雕(diao)(diao)塑,但彩塑的布列(lie)位置,軀體造(zao)(zao)型(xing),頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)發髻等,仍保留了宋代(dai)風(feng)格。
三大士殿(dian),俗稱(cheng)西(xi)配殿(dian),也叫羅(luo)漢(han)殿(dian),西(xi)闊三間,懸山式(shi)頂(ding),雖經后(hou)人修葺(qi),外觀(guan)已為清(qing)式(shi)風格,而(er)(er)殿(dian)內(nei)梁、枋、柱、額幾乎(hu)全是宋代(dai)原物(wu)。殿(dian)內(nei)佛臺(tai)較低(di),上塑觀(guan)音、文殊、普賢三尊菩薩(sa),菩薩(sa)像兩側(ce)為十八羅(luo)漢(han),大小比(bi)例與真(zhen)人略(lve)同,肌(ji)肉豐潤,骨骼健壯,衣褶婉(wan)轉流暢,神態生動(dong)自(zi)然,與俊秀而(er)(er)清(qing)逸的菩薩(sa)聚集一堂,剛柔相濟,風格迥異。佛壇(tan)前沿磚雕束(shu)腰處(chu),留有(you)兩方刻字,銘(ming)記著造(zao)像年代(dai)及布施者姓名,證(zheng)實了塑像制作的確切(qie)年代(dai),歷經九百(bai)多年,保存(cun)完好(hao),這(zhe)在我國(guo)佛教文化發(fa)展史(shi)和雕塑史(shi)上,確為難(nan)得(de)的珍品(pin)。
地(di)藏殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),位于千佛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南(nan)側,三開間,懸山(shan)頂。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇較小,結構簡單(dan),檐頭(tou)斗栱四鋪(pu)作(zuo)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂琉璃及門窗裝修,皆為明(ming)(ming)代(dai)遺物。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)塑(su)地(di)藏菩薩(sa)及侍者,左右塑(su)十(shi)(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閻王,兩(liang)山(shan)墻塑(su)六(liu)曹(cao)判官(guan),上部懸塑(su)佛、菩薩(sa)、天王、弟子、明(ming)(ming)王等,都(dou)是(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)作(zuo)品,塑(su)工高超,保存完(wan)好(hao)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂脊剎(cha)背面龕內(nei)題(ti)字:"嘉(jia)靖十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1531年(nian)(nian))五月(yue)十(shi)(shi)五日(ri)本寺僧人明(ming)(ming)鐘燒琉璃一堂。"殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)脊板下(xia)墨(mo)書(shu)題(ti)字:"大明(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖二十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1548年(nian)(nian))丙辰月(yue)癸卯日(ri)崇(chong)慶寺建(jian)立十(shi)(shi)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)僧……"兩(liang)處題(ti)記(ji)(ji),為研究該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)筑與彩塑(su)確切的年(nian)(nian)代(dai)記(ji)(ji)錄。
整個(ge)寺院(yuan)(yuan),彩塑華貴(gui)而莊重,建筑古雅而幽靜,院(yuan)(yuan)內正殿階前(qian)甬道兩旁,各(ge)有一叢千年牡丹(dan)花。如(ru)果四月到此游(you)覽,還會欣賞到鮮艷盛(sheng)開、芳香四溢的宋(song)代牡丹(dan)。
崇(chong)慶(qing)寺南面不遠處(chu)還有一(yi)明代(dai)廟(miao)堂(tang),曰"靈(ling)貺(kuang)王廟(miao)",為祀奉(feng)羿(yi)的(de)殿堂(tang),也稱前寺。廟(miao)內建(jian)筑(zhu)完(wan)整,碑刻(ke)多通(tong),廟(miao)前山坡上有白皮松40余(yu)株,樹冠不大,造型奇特,樹齡500余(yu)年。靈(ling)貺(kuang)王廟(miao)與崇(chong)慶(qing)寺,一(yi)前一(yi)后,一(yi)宋一(yi)明,一(yi)佛(fo)一(yi)道,反映出當(dang)時紫云(yun)山的(de)宗教繁榮景況和鄉民信(xin)仰文化意識。
交通
由長治走去高平的(de)(de)G207,到東良田鎮(zhen)后走去璩村(cun)的(de)(de)公路(lu),進了璩村(cun)后直(zhi)行(xing),正前方盡(jin)頭有個(ge)上山的(de)(de)牌(pai)樓,過(guo)牌(pai)樓后順沙石路(lu)上山,車(che)行(xing)2公里就可(ke)以看(kan)見崇慶寺的(de)(de)所在了,門前有塊不大(da)的(de)(de)空地,可(ke)以放車(che)。