修筑歷史
明神宗萬歷卅年(nian),北直(zhi)隸(li)人王九敘以進(jin)士(shi)接任(ren)(ren)渭(wei)(wei)南縣令(ling),見到縣城西(xi)門外沋河上無(wu)橋(qiao)(qiao),過往行人只能徒(tu)涉。沋水“旱則(ze)成(cheng)陸,澇則(ze)建瓴。其波濤(tao)泛溢,視渭(wei)(wei)加(jia)險焉。異(yi)時(shi)徒(tu)杠(gang)與梁,雖未病涉,至夏則(ze)飄飄付東(dong)流耳”,為(wei)長久(jiu)計(ji),遂(sui)于次年(nian)動工在沈(shen)水上“創(chuang)以石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)”,并于卅五(wu)年(nian)竣工。萬歷卅八年(nian)繼任(ren)(ren)的縣令(ling)楊(yang)所修(xiu)又(you)加(jia)長了橋(qiao)(qiao)身,從(cong)此行旅稱便,“益(yi)稱永賴,赤水宜仿(fang)為(wei)之”②。可見沈(shen)水石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)建成(cheng)后,赤水河上仍無(wu)石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao),因而才(cai)有“宜仿(fang)為(wei)之”的建議。
據(ju)《三續華(hua)州(zhou)志》記載:下(xia)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)始建于(yu)(yu)清順治十七年(nian)(nian)(1660年(nian)(nian)),竣(jun)工于(yu)(yu)康(kang)熙六年(nian)(nian)(1667年(nian)(nian))。后(hou)因山洪暴發,河床淤高(gao),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)眼堵塞(sai),遂于(yu)(yu)道光十二年(nian)(nian)(1832年(nian)(nian))又在(zai)原(yuan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)之上(shang)疊建了一(yi)座九孔(kong)石拱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),從而形成(cheng)了橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的奇觀。后(hou)來下(xia)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)被淤泥淹沒(mei),與八(ba)十年(nian)(nian)代初,被當地群眾(zhong)挖取砂石時發現(xian),從而使(shi)”橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”的奇姿(zi)展現(xian)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)。赤水橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)1992年(nian)(nian)4月被公布為省級重點(dian)文物保護單位。
下橋
清光緒(xu)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1892年(nian)(nian))版《新續渭南縣志(zhi)·赤(chi)水橋》一(yi)欄:“順治庚子(十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian),即1660年(nian)(nian))諸生李若蘭、樊中(zhong)杰等十(shi)余(yu)人創(chuang)修(xiu)(石(shi)橋),費不給。中(zhong)丞(cheng)白如梅捐千(qian)金(jin),成于(yu)康熙丁未(1667年(nian)(nian)),號白公(gong)(gong)梁。”文中(zhong)明確地指出這時所修(xiu)的石(shi)橋是(shi)創(chuang)修(xiu)而(er)不是(shi)重修(xiu);《三(san)續華州志(zhi)》也簡要(yao)地記(ji)敘了下橋是(shi)“自(zi)康熙丁未,中(zhong)丞(cheng)白公(gong)(gong)捐金(jin)創(chuang)建(jian)”。
《續(xu)華州志(zhi)》記載最(zui)詳:“有諸生李若蘭、渭上諸生樊(fan)中杰、姚(yao)文(wen)英(ying),耆民(min)王希龍(long)……之(zhi)屬(shu)。于(yu)順(shun)治(zhi)庚子鳩工(gong)命匠,驅石(shi)含木(mu),方次(ci)第(di)以就(jiu)大觀。則費尤慮其(qi)弗(fu)給也,中丞(cheng)白(bai)公慨輸千金。命渭南縣丞(cheng)孫公、州同知董(dong)公督(du)理茸治(zhi)。而梁告(gao)成(cheng)于(yu)康熙丁未(六年,即1667年)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)民(min)僉曰白(bai)公梁。”這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)下橋的來歷。
上橋
《新續渭南縣志(zhi)(zhi)》記敘了(le)下(xia)橋(qiao)(qiao)建成(cheng)后(hou),“至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)光中(zhong)百六十余年(nian)(nian)。河(he)身(shen)漸高,堤(di)累(lei)決(jue)。壬辰(chen)(道(dao)(dao)光十二年(nian)(nian),即(ji)1832年(nian)(nian))郡侯(hou)張公稟(bing)于道(dao)(dao)憲,捐(juan)集(ji)多(duo)資。派武生(sheng)梁清選(xuan)、耆民馬聲遠督修。共(gong)(gong)九眼,旁設(she)石欄”。《三續華(hua)州志(zhi)(zhi)》對修建上(shang)(shang)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)敘述更詳:“至(zhi)道(dao)(dao)光中(zhong)百六十余年(nian)(nian),河(he)身(shen)漸高,橋(qiao)(qiao)眼淤塞(sai)(sai),水(shui)難暢流(liu)。以致堤(di)岸(an)累(lei)決(jue),淹(yan)沒民田無(wu)數。赤(chi)水(shui)南北盡成(cheng)澤(ze)國,居民苦(ku)之。壬辰(chen),郡侯(hou)張公稟(bing)請道(dao)(dao)憲,捐(juan)資重修。砌石增(zeng)高,兩邊添設(she)護欄,以防車馬傾陷。自(zi)是河(he)流(liu)復(fu)暢,堤(di)岸(an)籍無(wu)沖決(jue)。”從中(zhong)可知:共(gong)(gong)有(you)九孔的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)橋(qiao)(qiao)建于公元1832年(nian)(nian),自(zi)此(ci)(ci)就有(you)了(le)這座奇特(te)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)(shang)橋(qiao)(qiao)。架(jia)設(she)上(shang)(shang)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)既不是一場暴雨(yu)洪(hong)流(liu)堵塞(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)結(jie)果,更不是地震使(shi)下(xia)橋(qiao)(qiao)橋(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)下(xia)陷,而是經過160余年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)長期淤積,致使(shi)下(xia)橋(qiao)(qiao)橋(qiao)(qiao)眼壅塞(sai)(sai),流(liu)水(shui)不暢,兩岸(an)常因(yin)此(ci)(ci)遭受洪(hong)澇(lao)災害,后(hou)才架(jia)設(she)了(le)上(shang)(shang)橋(qiao)(qiao)。