長(chang)安城(cheng)的范圍包括現今(jin)西(xi)安市的城(cheng)區(qu)和近郊。唐末兵亂,它被毀(hui)壞得很(hen)厲害(hai),終于成(cheng)為廢墟。解(jie)放(fang)以前(qian),曾有(you)不少學者(zhe)試圖發掘這座唐城(cheng)的遺(yi)址,因苦于條(tiao)件(jian)限制,沒有(you)成(cheng)功。
1957年,中國科學院考(kao)古研究所(suo)組織專(zhuan)門的(de)唐城發掘隊,開始了規模(mo)較大的(de)發掘工作(zuo)。經(jing)(jing)過(guo)四(si)年多的(de)辛勤勞(lao)動(dong),遺(yi)址的(de)概貌(mao)已經(jing)(jing)顯(xian)露出(chu)來。從已經(jing)(jing)發掘的(de)城市布(bu)局、宮(gong)殿、街道(dao)、坊里的(de)遺(yi)跡,可以想見(jian)當時這座(zuo)城市中千門萬戶、車(che)水馬龍的(de)盛(sheng)況。
2011年,考(kao)古人員在配合(he)基本建(jian)設時發現了大面積的唐代陶窯群遺址,其(qi)中有(you)兩組陶窯保(bao)存完整(zheng),已在有(you)關部(bu)門的協調下進(jin)行回填保(bao)護。
2010年(nian)底(di),陜西省考古研究院對(dui)西安未央區大白(bai)楊(yang)西村西區基建范圍進行(xing)了1000平方(fang)米的考古發掘。
2010年底,陜(shan)西省(sheng)考古研究(jiu)院共(gong)清理陶窯22座,其中清理唐代陶窯17座和水井3座,以及一些不同時代的(de)墓葬等遺跡。
2015年11月,陜西文(wen)物部(bu)門考古人員在唐代長安城東市遺(yi)址發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)中,發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現450件唐代遺(yi)物及一(yi)批(pi)重要商業遺(yi)跡。 據介(jie)紹,此(ci)次發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)位置在東市遺(yi)址中部(bu)偏(pian)東處(chu)(chu)。目前,500平方米探方累計出土(tu)磚(zhuan)瓦、陶器(qi)、玉器(qi)、銅(tong)器(qi)、玻璃器(qi)、寶石(shi)戒面、開元(yuan)通寶以及有“家酒店(dian)(dian)”字樣的瓷壺底片等唐代遺(yi)物450件。現場(chang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)過程中,發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現3條唐代道路遺(yi)跡、3條水溝遺(yi)跡,店(dian)(dian)肆(si)后作坊遺(yi)跡1片、水井(jing)(jing)4口(kou)、窖井(jing)(jing)2口(kou)、滲井(jing)(jing)11口(kou)、灰坑(keng)12個、活(huo)土(tu)坑(keng)3處(chu)(chu)以及臥(wo)泥池(chi)、陶甕(weng)坑(keng)各1處(chu)(chu)。
東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)9721米(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)8651.7米(mi),周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)36.7公里,是當(dang)時世界上較大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)15個,東(dong)墻由北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)化(hua)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、春明門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、延興門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),南(nan)(nan)(nan)墻由東(dong)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)啟夏門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、明德(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、安(an)(an)(an)化(hua)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻自北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)為(wei)開遠門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、金光門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)延平(ping)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)墻中(zhong)段即宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)墻,宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以東(dong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)丹鳳門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)芳(fang)林門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(隋(sui)(sui)稱(cheng)華林門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men))、景耀門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)光化(hua)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),玄武門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)禮門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)與(yu)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共(gong)用(yong)。地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻遺址僅玄武門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)附近和(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)化(hua)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)處(chu)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一小段。地(di)(di)下墻基(ji)保存(cun)基(ji)本完好(hao),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)9~10米(mi),個別地(di)(di)方達20米(mi)。明德(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是長(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正南(nan)(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),位于(yu)長(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)軸線,朱(zhu)(zhu)雀大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)端,規模宏大(da)(da)(da)(da),是長(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)址東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)52.5米(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)進(jin)深(shen)16.5米(mi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)5個門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao),每個門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)均寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)6.5米(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隔墻厚(hou)2.9米(mi),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)排(pai)柱柱坑,每排(pai)15個,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)對稱(cheng),各門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)中(zhong)部原都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)檻,用(yong)青石制成,現僅存(cun)留部分(fen)殘(can)(can)件。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)石門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)檻寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)0.4米(mi),厚(hou)0.26米(mi),殘(can)(can)長(chang)(chang)3.7米(mi),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)檻上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)車(che)轍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝槽四(si)條(tiao)(tiao)在正中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)。殘(can)(can)留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)檻較其(qi)他(ta)制作更為(wei)精致,上面(mian)(mian)雕刻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流暢(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卷草花紋及(ji)浮雕臥(wo)獸,具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術價值。外(wai)郭(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)11條(tiao)(tiao),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)向(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)14條(tiao)(tiao),街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)十分(fen)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)闊,其(qi)中(zhong)明德(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)內(nei)朱(zhu)(zhu)雀大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)達150~155米(mi)。兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3.3米(mi)、深(shen)約2米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水溝。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)把郭(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)110坊(fang)(fang),朱(zhu)(zhu)雀大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)以東(dong)55坊(fang)(fang)為(wei)萬年(nian)縣,朱(zhu)(zhu)雀大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)55坊(fang)(fang)為(wei)長(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)縣。朱(zhu)(zhu)雀大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)4列坊(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)積最(zui)(zui)小,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)一條(tiao)(tiao)橫街(jie)(jie)(jie)。皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6列坊(fang)(fang)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)四(si)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)十字街(jie)(jie)(jie)將全坊(fang)(fang)劃為(wei)4個街(jie)(jie)(jie)區(qu),又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小巷將全坊(fang)(fang)分(fen)為(wei)16個小區(qu)。坊(fang)(fang)內(nei)是居民住宅(zhai)、王(wang)公宅(zhai)第和(he)(he)寺(si)(si)(si)觀,史籍記載佛(fo)寺(si)(si)(si)100多處(chu),道(dao)觀30多座,波斯寺(si)(si)(si)二,景教寺(si)(si)(si)五 。著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)慈恩寺(si)(si)(si)大(da)(da)(da)(da)雁塔、薦福(fu)寺(si)(si)(si)小雁塔。還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)興善寺(si)(si)(si)、青龍寺(si)(si)(si)等。坊(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)坊(fang)(fang)墻,坊(fang)(fang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)早啟晚(wan)閉,設專人(ren)防(fang)守。在皇(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)郭(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)設有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)市,隋(sui)(sui)代將東(dong)市稱(cheng)都會市,西(xi)(xi)(xi)市稱(cheng)利人(ren)市,兩(liang)(liang)市面(mian)(mian)積各占兩(liang)(liang)坊(fang)(fang)之地(di)(di)。市內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)(tiao)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie),構成"井"字形街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao),市周(zhou)圍有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)夯土圍墻,四(si)面(mian)(mian)各開二門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。市內(nei)9個區(qu),每區(qu)四(si)面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)街(jie)(jie)(jie)店(dian)鋪是長(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)(an)手(shou)工業(ye)和(he)(he)商業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)區(qu)域。
唐代外(wai)郭城(cheng)(cheng)墻西(xi)南角(jiao)當(dang)時是否(fou)有類似明清(qing)城(cheng)(cheng)墻所筑的(de)角(jiao)樓(lou)?發掘結果顯(xian)示這里沒有筑角(jiao)樓(lou)的(de)跡象。考古(gu)隊(dui)何歲利(li)分析說,如果有角(jiao)樓(lou),城(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)的(de)基址(zhi)就應(ying)該寬于城(cheng)(cheng)墻基址(zhi),應(ying)形成一處較大(da)的(de)墩臺基址(zhi),但發掘的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)轉(zhuan)彎基址(zhi)寬度與城(cheng)(cheng)墻基址(zhi)均為5.5米(mi),應(ying)不存在(zai)構筑角(jiao)樓(lou)的(de)基礎。
是供皇(huang)帝、皇(huang)室居(ju)住和處(chu)理朝政(zheng)的地方,包括太極(ji)宮(gong)(gong)、東宮(gong)(gong)和掖(ye)庭(ting)宮(gong)(gong),南(nan)北長1492.1米(mi)(mi),東西寬2820.3米(mi)(mi),周長8.6公里,位于長安城(cheng)北部中央。在(zai)今西安城(cheng)內"西五臺"有宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)南(nan)墻(qiang)的遺(yi)跡(ji),在(zai)自強西路北側有一(yi)段北墻(qiang)遺(yi)址(zhi)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)均為夯土版筑(zhu),基(ji)(ji)部一(yi)般寬18米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)正南(nan)門(men)為承天(tian)門(men)(隋(sui)代稱廣陽門(men)),遺(yi)址(zhi)在(zai)今蓮湖(hu)公園內,東西殘長41.7米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北進深19米(mi)(mi),有三(san)個門(men)道,門(men)基(ji)(ji)鋪磚或石板。宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)北面二(er)門(men),"玄(xuan)武門(men)之變(bian)"就(jiu)發生(sheng)在(zai)宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)北面的玄(xuan)武門(men)。
又名"子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)",位于(yu)宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)之南(nan),北與(yu)(yu)(yu)宮(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)橫(heng)街(jie)相(xiang)隔。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)2820.3米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北長(chang)(chang)(chang)1843.6米(mi)(mi),周長(chang)(chang)(chang)9.2公里。皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)是(shi)中(zhong)央(yang)官署和(he)太(tai)(tai)廟、社稷。朱(zhu)雀(que)門(men)(men)是(shi)皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)門(men)(men),北與(yu)(yu)(yu)承天門(men)(men)遙相(xiang)對應,南(nan)接(jie)朱(zhu)雀(que)大(da)街(jie),直(zhi)達外郭城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)門(men)(men)明(ming)(ming)(ming)德門(men)(men),是(shi)全城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)軸線。含光(guang)門(men)(men)是(shi)朱(zhu)雀(que)門(men)(men)西(xi)(xi)側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)門(men)(men),其遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)保存比(bi)較完整(zheng),平面(mian)呈長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)37.4米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北寬(kuan)?19.6?米(mi)(mi),門(men)(men)墩(dun)是(shi)以(yi)純凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃土版筑而成(cheng),包(bao)砌(qi)磚壁,包(bao)磚厚0.35米(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)道兩側(ce) 各有(you)排列整(zheng)齊的(de)(de)(de)(de)青石柱(zhu)礎,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)對稱,呈正(zheng)方(fang)形,72~78厘(li)米(mi)(mi)見(jian)方(fang),柱(zhu)礎中(zhong)間有(you)一(yi)直(zhi)徑約(yue)10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)、深10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)形榫眼(yan),以(yi)立(li)排柱(zhu),證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)(ming)(ming)當(dang)年門(men)(men)樓是(shi)木結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。含光(guang)門(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)墻斷面(mian)上(shang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)晰地保存著(zhu)(zhu)唐代(dai)(dai)、宋代(dai)(dai)、元代(dai)(dai)及明(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)各代(dai)(dai)修補的(de)(de)(de)(de)夯層,成(cheng)為長(chang)(chang)(chang)安城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)歷史見(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)。唐代(dai)(dai)在(zai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)安還(huan)建有(you)兩座大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)殿,大(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)宮(gong)(gong)位于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍首原上(shang),因位于(yu)太(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)之東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北,稱"東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)",太(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)稱"西(xi)(xi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)"。唐玄宗時期在(zai)春明(ming)(ming)(ming)門(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)(nei)建造的(de)(de)(de)(de)興慶宮(gong)(gong)在(zai)太(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)宮(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan),故稱"南(nan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)"。長(chang)(chang)(chang)安城(cheng)(cheng)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)供水(shui)系統,除鑿井(jing)外,還(huan)有(you)永安、清(qing)明(ming)(ming)(ming)、龍首三渠分別引進氵高(gao)水(shui)與(yu)(yu)(yu)氵產(chan)水(shui),流(liu)經城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei),北入宮(gong)(gong)苑。后又修漕渠,引黃渠注入曲江池。長(chang)(chang)(chang)安城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑模式是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)都城(cheng)(cheng)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)典范,對日本和(he)亞洲其他國(guo)家(jia)及國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)一(yi)些地方(fang)政權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)都城(cheng)(cheng)建設也產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)一(yi)定(ding)影(ying)響。唐末天寶元年(904),朱(zhu)溫挾唐昭宗遷都洛陽(yang),命長(chang)(chang)(chang)安居民(min)按籍(ji)遷居,毀長(chang)(chang)(chang)安宮(gong)(gong)署民(min)居,使(shi)隋(sui)唐長(chang)(chang)(chang)安300年帝都成(cheng)為廢墟。
發(fa)掘(jue)勘測的結果證(zheng)明:唐代(dai)長安城(cheng)(cheng)的周圍有七十多里,比今天的西(xi)安舊(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)(即明清時代(dai)的西(xi)安城(cheng)(cheng)址)大五倍(bei)以上。全城(cheng)(cheng)分三部(bu)分,最(zui)外是外郭城(cheng)(cheng),中間的北部(bu)是皇城(cheng)(cheng),皇城(cheng)(cheng)北端(duan)正中是宮城(cheng)(cheng)— —皇帝居住的地方。在外郭城(cheng)(cheng)垣上有十二個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)。許多縱橫的街道把全城(cheng)(cheng)除宮城(cheng)(cheng)和皇城(cheng)(cheng)以外的所有地區整齊地劃分為一(yi)百零八(ba)個(ge)長方形(xing)的坊(fang)里。
隋唐(tang)長安城(cheng)是中(zhong)國古(gu)代(dai)(dai)城(cheng)市規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)設計的(de)杰作,在中(zhong)國城(cheng)市規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)史(shi)乃(nai)至世界城(cheng)市規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)史(shi)上占(zhan)有(you)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)要的(de)地位。隋唐(tang)長安城(cheng)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)手(shou)法的(de)探(tan)討對于隋唐(tang)時期城(cheng)市設計理論與方法的(de)研究、隋唐(tang)長安城(cheng)遺(yi)址的(de)保護和當代(dai)(dai)西安城(cheng)市規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)都具有(you)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)要的(de)意義。