遺址位于四川省阿壩藏族(zu)羌族(zu)自治(zhi)州茂縣(xian)、汶(wen)川縣(xian)。營盤山在(zai)茂縣(xian)北較場鄉,下臨岷江,漢為縣(xian)治(zhi),名蠶陵,唐(tang)筑(zhu)疊(die)溪城,明(ming)初復(fu)筑(zhu)。
營盤(pan)山(shan),又名(ming)紅旗山(shan),也稱為(wei)(wei)云頂山(shan)。位于(yu)茂縣鳳儀鎮南(nan)2.5公(gong)里(li),系岷山(shan)山(shan)脈老人山(shan)在(zai)(zai)西南(nan)麓(lu)向(xiang)河谷延伸(shen)部分,為(wei)(wei)岷江(jiang)(jiang)東岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)三級(ji)緩坡(po)臺(tai)地。臺(tai)地南(nan)北走向(xiang),南(nan)窄(zhai)北寬,形(xing)(xing)似(si)馬(ma)蹄,總面(mian)積近十萬平(ping)方米,岷江(jiang)(jiang)從(cong)三面(mian)呈幾字形(xing)(xing)將(jiang)其(qi)環抱。發(fa)現(xian)于(yu)2000年(nian),3年(nian)來營盤(pan)山(shan)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)查、勘探(tan)及試掘工作獲得了豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)實物資料(liao),發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新石器時(shi)代遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)包括房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋基(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)9座(zuo)、墓(mu)葬及人殉(xun)坑(keng)5座(zuo)、灰(hui)坑(keng)80余(yu)個、灰(hui)溝4條(tiao)、窯址(zhi)(zhi)及灶坑(keng)等(deng),還(huan)在(zai)(zai)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)中西部發(fa)現(xian)一處類似(si)大(da)型(xing)廣場的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)跡(ji)。灰(hui)坑(keng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)形(xing)(xing)狀有不(bu)規(gui)則形(xing)(xing)、圓形(xing)(xing)、橢圓形(xing)(xing)、長(chang)方形(xing)(xing)、扇(shan)形(xing)(xing)等(deng)種類小型(xing)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋基(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)積不(bu)大(da),多(duo)系單個建筑(zhu),平(ping)面(mian)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)長(chang)方形(xing)(xing),中型(xing)房(fang)(fang)(fang)址(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)有隔墻。房(fang)(fang)(fang)址(zhi)(zhi)有疊壓、打破關(guan)系,包括柱洞、基(ji)槽、灶坑(keng)及貯火罐等(deng)。房(fang)(fang)(fang)內(nei)還(huan)出土(tu)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅燒土(tu)塊,其(qi)上可見(jian)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)棍(gun)棒插抹痕跡(ji)及拌草遺(yi)存,推測這(zhe)些(xie)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)結構采用了本骨泥墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式。大(da)型(xing)廣場遺(yi)跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬土(tu)面(mian)之下(xia)發(fa)現(xian)有多(duo)座(zuo)奠基(ji)性質的(de)(de)(de)(de)殉(xun)人坑(keng),表明(ming)(ming)該遺(yi)跡(ji)在(zai)(zai)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)布局中占有非常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位,這(zhe)里(li)應(ying)是舉行祭祖(zu)活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)。 ?
2006年5月25日 中(zhong)華人民共和國公布第六批全國重點文物保護單(dan)位。
營(ying)盤(pan)山遺址出(chu)土的(de)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、玉器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、細石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、蚌器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)類遺物總(zong)數(shu)近(jin)萬件。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)片(pian)以(yi)手制為主(zhu)。從陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)質(zhi)(zhi)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)色來看(kan),以(yi)夾(jia)砂褐陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、泥(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)褐陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、夾(jia)砂灰陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、泥(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)紅陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、泥(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、泥(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)黑(hei)皮陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)為主(zhu)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)平底(di)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)小(xiao)平底(di)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為主(zhu),有少(shao)量(liang)矮圈足器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)型包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)侈罐、深腹(fu)罐、碗(wan)、缽、高領罐、盆(pen)、甕、帶嘴鍋(guo)、缸、寬折沿器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、瓶、紡輪(lun)、陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)球(qiu)、穿(chuan)孔(kong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可分(fen)為打(da)制石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)磨制石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩種,打(da)制石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)由大型剝離石(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)稍作加工(gong)而成的(de)切割器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍砸器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、檸(ning)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)(彈丸)、網墜等(deng)。還(huan)有少(shao)量(liang)個(ge)體(ti)甚小(xiao)的(de)陵石(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)磨制石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)斧、鏡、長方形(xing)穿(chuan)孔(kong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刀(dao)、鑿(zao)、項石(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)。玉器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)環鋼(gang)形(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)裝飾品,以(yi)及壁形(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、估工(gong)具及武(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類的(de)斧、缽、鑿(zao)、穿(chuan)孔(kong)刀(dao)、箭鏈等(deng)。細石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)大量(liang)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)葉、石(shi)(shi)(shi)核,質(zhi)(zhi)地以(yi)渡石(shi)(shi)(shi)及水晶為主(zhu)。骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)管、錐(zhui)、針(zhen)、削(xue)、箭游(you)等(deng)。此處還(huan)有少(shao)量(liang)的(de)蚌殼。
姜維城遺址(zhi)是岷江上(shang)游一處具代表性(xing)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)遺址(zhi),位于汶川縣(xian)威州(zhou)鎮的(de)今(jin)汶川中(zhong)學(xue)后(hou)山上(shang)。姜維城遺址(zhi)包含了新石器(qi)、漢代和宋代等時期的(de)遺存,有著豐富的(de)文(wen)化內(nei)涵。2003年度遺址(zhi)發掘的(de)宋代遺存中(zhong)發現的(de)遺跡和遺物為了解當時這一地區各(ge)民族(zu)文(wen)化、經濟交流和中(zhong)央政府的(de)管理提(ti)供了重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)實物資料(liao)。
傳說(shuo)蜀漢大(da)將軍(jun)曾在(zai)汶(wen)(wen)(wen)川一(yi)帶駐防,現存(cun)有古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,有人為(wei)之(zhi)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)姜維(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。威(wei)州鎮(zhen)是(shi)(shi)汶(wen)(wen)(wen)川縣(xian)(xian)政治、經濟、文化、交通中心(xin),是(shi)(shi)阿壩州的(de)(de)(de)(de)門戶。這里古(gu)屬(shu)冉毿部(bu),綿池鎮(zhen)為(wei)郡、縣(xian)(xian)舊址(zhi)。姜維(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)今威(wei)州鎮(zhen)。自漢代(dai)以來所(suo)設汶(wen)(wen)(wen)江(jiang)、綿池、汶(wen)(wen)(wen)山(shan)(shan)、汶(wen)(wen)(wen)川等建(jian)置皆以境內岷(min)(min)江(jiang)得名(ming)(ming)(古(gu)“汶(wen)(wen)(wen)”、“岷(min)(min)”通用(yong)(yong)),歷代(dai)治所(suo)有所(suo)變遷。現為(wei)汶(wen)(wen)(wen)川羌(qiang)族自治縣(xian)(xian)。縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)威(wei)州四面環(huan)山(shan)(shan),堡子(zi)關雄踞(ju)雜谷腦河與岷(min)(min)江(jiang)之(zhi)間,有“三山(shan)(shan)雄秀,二水爭(zheng)流”之(zhi)譽(yu)。汶(wen)(wen)(wen)川境內的(de)(de)(de)(de)藏羌(qiang)歷史上是(shi)(shi)善戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民族,羌(qiang)碉尤其是(shi)(shi)居住和軍(jun)事兩用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)。姜維(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在(zai)也(ye)恰好說(shuo)明這里曾是(shi)(shi)蜀漢和少(shao)數民族發生(sheng)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻全用(yong)(yong)泥土夯(hang)筑(zhu),盡(jin)管經過2000多年歲月的(de)(de)(de)(de)打磨,垛口卻依(yi)然(ran)清晰,滄桑(sang)不(bu)改偉岸(an)。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風骨、古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)節(jie)、古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)魂和精髓,需要(yao)人們(men)用(yong)(yong)心(xin)靈(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸覺去(qu)領(ling)悟(wu)、用(yong)(yong)精神的(de)(de)(de)(de)煉爐去(qu)融匯、用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真誠去(qu)注釋。從它斑駁破碎(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光影(ying)中,我看見了(le)古(gu)代(dai)先(xian)賢(xian)、三國蜀漢名(ming)(ming)將姜維(wei)叱咤風云(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)生(sheng),甚(shen)至看見他為(wei)抵御魏將鐘會大(da)軍(jun),點燃(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)烽火……