尊勝(sheng)寺(si)座落在涪江(jiang)東岸三臺縣爭勝(sheng)鄉爭勝(sheng)壩(ba)。爭勝(sheng)壩(ba)交通發達,經綿(陽)三(臺)公(gong)路可北上(shang)綿陽,南下三臺。綿(陽)遂(sui)(寧(ning))高速公(gong)路由壩(ba)上(shang)通過(guo),將為尊勝(sheng)寺(si)文物旅游資源的開發利用,創造前(qian)所未(wei)有的機遇。
尊勝寺相傳由佛教禪宗(zong)仰山派(pai)傳人始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于南宋。明朝(chao)永樂十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(1415)重建(jian)(jian)大(da)雄殿。清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)康(kang)熙二十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(1689),臨(lin)濟派(pai)傳人住持僧瑞巖增修藏經樓。清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)乾隆五(wu)年(nian)(1740),重建(jian)(jian)伽藍殿。民國十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(1929),軍(jun)閥田頌(song)堯為建(jian)(jian)修“潼保馬路”籌措工(gong)程款項,強(qiang)征尊勝寺“廟業”良田“六十(shi)(shi)余畝”,僅“環廟七八畝脊(ji)土留作廟有”,尊勝寺從此(ci)一蹶不振。
《民(min)(min)國三臺縣志》稱,尊勝寺僧瑞巖為(wei)(wei)(wei)清初三臺佛教界“以繼往(wang)開來為(wei)(wei)(wei)己任”的(de)杰出高僧,據此可知尊勝寺在當時(shi)的(de)重要地位(wei)和(he)影響(xiang)。1999年10月(yue),綿(mian)陽人民(min)(min)政府公布尊勝寺為(wei)(wei)(wei)文物保護單位(wei)。
尊勝(sheng)寺現存明清古建筑(zhu)(zhu)群占地3605m2,建筑(zhu)(zhu)面積934.255m2。由(you)南(nan)而(er)北,其主(zhu)體建筑(zhu)(zhu)依次為伽藍殿、大雄殿、藏經樓。
伽(jia)藍(lan)殿(dian)(dian) 民(min)間(jian)俗(su)稱(cheng)關(guan)圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)。木(mu)結構(gou)單檐懸山頂。面(mian)闊8柱7間(jian),進深(shen)4柱3間(jian),金(jin)檁底書(shu)“大清乾隆(long)五年仲冬重修(xiu)”等(deng)墨書(shu)題(ti)記(ji)以及“仰(yang)(yang)山祖師法(fa)(fa)派”等(deng)墨記(ji)清晰(xi)可辨。“仰(yang)(yang)山”在江西宜春縣南。唐代(dai)高(gao)僧慧(hui)寂于(yu)此(ci)創建佛(fo)寺(si)。后(hou)(hou)人立(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)仰(yang)(yang)山宗(zong)(zong)。仰(yang)(yang)山宗(zong)(zong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)佛(fo)教禪宗(zong)(zong)南岳(yue)一系,與臨濟宗(zong)(zong)同(tong)出(chu)六(liu)祖慧(hui)能法(fa)(fa)脈懷讓、馬(ma)(ma)祖、百丈門下。伽(jia)藍(lan)殿(dian)(dian)金(jin)檁所(suo)記(ji)“仰(yang)(yang)山宗(zong)(zong)法(fa)(fa)派"40字(zi)之前20字(zi),與《佛(fo)教手冊(ce)》所(suo)記(ji)“偽仰(yang)(yang)宗(zong)(zong)法(fa)(fa)派”20字(zi)略有出(chu)入,但后(hou)(hou)20字(zi)則不見記(ji)載,其所(suo)存(cun)資料(liao)異常(chang)珍貴。明間(jian)面(mian)南,彩塑(su)關(guan)圣(sheng)帝君燃燭夜讀《春秋經》坐(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang),右側關(guan)平捧(peng)印(yin)、左(zuo)側周倉持刀侍立(li)。左(zuo)右梢(shao)間(jian),分塑(su)關(guan)公坐(zuo)(zuo)騎烏騅馬(ma)(ma)和(he)赤色馬(ma)(ma)。在左(zuo)心梢(shao)間(jian)東北、西北兩隅,面(mian)東塑(su)藥王坐(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang),面(mian)兩塑(su)文昌坐(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang)。自從關(guan)公被列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)護法(fa)(fa)神后(hou)(hou),不少佛(fo)寺(si)便以關(guan)公為(wei)(wei)(wei)前殿(dian)(dian)主尊,而其名稱(cheng),也由(you)天王殿(dian)(dian)等(deng)改稱(cheng)伽(jia)藍(lan)殿(dian)(dian)了。
大(da)雄(xiong)殿(dian)(dian) 木(mu)結構單檐(yan)歇山頂,面闊(kuo)4柱3間,進(jin)深4柱3間,正(zheng)脊(ji)(ji)安(an)吻獸。中(zhong)置寶頂。屋(wu)面覆灰筒瓦(wa)(wa),曲線柔和秀麗,翼(yi)角高(gao)翹,凌空欲飛。兩山搏(bo)脊(ji)(ji)飾琉璃獸頭。檐(yan)口龍(long)紋、蓮(lian)紋瓦(wa)(wa)當、滴水相間。檐(yan)下施斗(dou)拱32朵(duo)。梁(liang)枋(fang)多施彩(cai)(cai)繪(hui)。脊(ji)(ji)檁底(di)皮所存(cun)墨(mo)書題記“大(da)明(ming)(ming)永樂十(shi)三年歲次乙本六月乙丑朔初七日(ri)重修(xiu)”等(deng)文字尚可辨識。大(da)雄(xiong)殿(dian)(dian)明(ming)(ming)間,西(xi)南彩(cai)(cai)塑(su)釋加牟(mou)尼(ni)三身(shen)佛(fo)坐像(xiang)。三身(shen)即(ji)法(fa)身(shen)、報身(shen)、應身(shen)、法(fa)身(shen)佛(fo)稱(cheng)(cheng)毗盧(lu)遮那(nei)佛(fo),居(ju)中(zhong);報身(shen)佛(fo)稱(cheng)(cheng)盧(lu)舍那(nei)佛(fo),居(ju)左(zuo);應身(shen)佛(fo)稱(cheng)(cheng)釋迦(jia)牟(mou)尼(ni)佛(fo),居(ju)右(you)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)東西(xi)兩側,配十(shi)八羅漢彩(cai)(cai)像(xiang)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)后側,面北塑(su)護(hu)法(fa)韋馱。大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)縣現(xian)存(cun)最早(zao)的(de)古代木(mu)構建筑,也是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)省保(bao)存(cun)較好的(de)明(ming)(ming)代早(zao)期(qi)建筑之一,是(shi)(shi)宋元建筑到(dao)明(ming)(ming)清建筑過渡中(zhong)的(de)實例,很(hen)有研(yan)究價值(zhi)。
藏經樓 木結構(gou)重檐歇山頂。面闊5柱(zhu)(zhu),進(jin)深4柱(zhu)(zhu),廊(lang)道寬(kuan)3m,建(jian)筑面積275.97m2。在明(ming)間及梢間的檁、梁(liang)底(di)皮(pi),均(jun)存有大(da)量墨書題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)。所(suo)存史料,具有多方面研究價(jia)值。明(ming)間前(qian)坡(po)(po)下金檁底(di)皮(pi)題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei):“大(da)清(qing)康熙二(er)拾(shi)八年十月(yue)朔七日建(jian)修藏經樓,南岳下傳(chuan)臨濟正宗第(di)三十七世凈幅、徒(tu)道印、誠、悟、信,徒(tu)孫德云、靈、益(yi),助緣衣延明(ming)心(xin)古誠”。前(qian)坡(po)(po)上金檁題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei):“總(zong)督(du)(du)河道提督(du)(du)軍(jun)務右侍郎兼都(dou)察院右副(fu)都(dou)御史加(jia)一級施《藏經》大(da)功(gong)德主王……暨闔(he)衙眷等。”脊檁底(di)皮(pi)題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei):“當今皇(huang)帝萬(wan)(wan)歲(sui)!萬(wan)(wan)萬(wan)(wan)歲(sui)!太子(zi)儲君(jun)福壽天長地久(jiu)!滿朝文武、闔(he)國公卿,常為(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)位、護(hu)(hu)佛、護(hu)(hu)法、護(hu)(hu)僧之祿位。”后坡(po)(po)上金檁題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei):“署(shu)理(li)潼(tong)川(chuan)州正堂孟(meng),吏(li)目(mu)李,儒(ru)學訓導田、徐(xu),署(shu)理(li)都(dou)督(du)(du)同(tong)知管守(shou)備事姜,千(qian)總(zong)薛,把總(zong)史、巨。”后坡(po)(po)下金檁題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei):“鎮守(shou)陜西西寧、臨潼(tong)等處(chu)地方,統轄漢、土(tu)蕃(fan)、回總(zong)兵官,左都(dou)督(du)(du)加(jia)三級李諱題(ti)(ti)。”
藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)樓是珍(zhen)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)佛教《大(da)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》的殿(dian)閣。《大(da)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》由經(jing)(jing)(jing)、律、論三藏(zang)(zang)(zang)構成,是釋迦牟尼及其傳人指導弟子修(xiu)行的理論匯編(bian)。漢(han)文《大(da)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》北宋開寶年間(jian)始刻于成都。尊(zun)勝(sheng)寺所藏(zang)(zang)(zang)《大(da)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》為“清康熙二十七年歲次戊辰七月中元日潼川(chuan)王新(xin)命(ming)敬施”。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)樓二樓明(ming)間(jian),為存放《藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》之處。千余卷(juan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)書,分(fen)6柜(ju)存放。50年代,大(da)部經(jing)(jing)(jing)書移交四川(chuan)省圖(tu)書館收(shou)藏(zang)(zang)(zang),少量經(jing)(jing)(jing)書交縣文管所保管。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)樓是清代三臺鄉賢王新(xin)命(ming)關注(zhu)家鄉文化建(jian)設(she)的歷(li)史見(jian)(jian)證。樓閣地處河灘(tan),地下水位(wei)較高,柱礎的穩定和立柱的承重、防潮要求較高,故柱礎高大(da),柱徑加粗,在(zai)省內古木建(jian)筑中很少見(jian)(jian)。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)樓歷(li)經(jing)(jing)(jing)三百多(duo)年來,梁柱未出現傾斜、下沉(chen),始終(zhong)保持(chi)初建(jian)時的雄姿。