修筑歷史
松潘(pan)古(gu)城(cheng)位于己于人松潘(pan)縣(xian)縣(xian)政府所(suo)在地進安鎮,為川西(xi)北地區(qu)的(de)門戶(hu)之(zhi)一(yi),自古(gu)以來就是一(yi)處重要的(de)軍(jun)事(shi)要塞,深得廳朝重視。1379年(nian)(明洪武十二年(nian))平羌(qiang)將軍(jun)丁玉揮(hui)師(shi)占(zhan)據松州后,兩(liang)度上書(shu)朝廷(ting)請(qing)求設衛(wei)(wei)建城(cheng)派兵(bing)駐扎,次年(nian)朝庭(ting)批準設“松州衛(wei)(wei)”,后將“潘(pan)州衛(wei)(wei)”(今若爾(er)蓋縣(xian)求吉(ji)鄉境內)并入稱“松潘(pan)衛(wei)(wei)”。保存至今的(de)古(gu)城(cheng)墻即為此時始筑。
據民國《松潘縣志》載(zai),松潘始設衛時(shi),丁玉即調(diao)寧州(個甘肅寧縣)指揮(hui)高(gao)顯來松潘負(fu)責筑城事宜(yi)。高(gao)顯在唐(tang)宋柔(rou)遠土城基礎上,西(xi)緣山麓,東(dong)濱(bin)江岸筑城,歷時(shi)五年之外(wai)。明英宗(zong)上統年間,御使寇琛又將西(xi)部城墻內山麓順(shun)山脊筑至山頂(ding)。嘉靖五年1520年松潘兵何卿(qing)又增修外(wai)城二里七分四百零五丈。松潘城制(zhi)大體完成。
城墻構造
松潘古城(cheng)(cheng)分內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)(wai)兩(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng),內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)平面(mian)跨(kua)崇山(shan)(shan)(shan),依山(shan)(shan)(shan)順(shun)勢略呈三角形(xing)(xing),東(dong)(dong)部崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)之下河(he)谷部份(fen)為長(chang)方形(xing)(xing),外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)毗鄰內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)面(mian)的(de)河(he)谷下壩,有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)與內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)相通,平面(mian)為長(chang)方形(xing)(xing)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)總長(chang)6.2公(gong)(gong)里,用本(ben)地燒制的(de)青磚(zhuan)砌成(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)身(shen),內(nei)(nei)土石(其中外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)1.37公(gong)(gong)里,用條石砌成(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)身(shen),內(nei)(nei)填土石)而成(cheng)(cheng),高(gao)12.5米,厚(hou)12余米,以糯米、石灰(hui)、桐油熬制的(de)灰(hui)漿粕連勾縫,堅固如銅墻(qiang)鐵壁。古城(cheng)(cheng)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)七道,其中內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)五(wu)道:東(dong)(dong)曰(yue)“覲陽”,南(nan)稱“延(yan)薰”,兩(liang)(liang)號“威遠”,北名(ming)“鎮羌”,西南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓者冠之“小西門(men)”,外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)有(you)門(men)兩(liang)(liang)道,東(dong)(dong)西向者雅各“臨江”,內(nei)(nei)北向者稱謂(wei)“安阜”。
各城(cheng)門(men)僅以大塊規(gui)則的長方條(tiao)石(shi)券拱而成。各城(cheng)門(men)外原皆有(you)翁(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(今僅存南(nan)門(men)翁(weng)(weng)城(cheng)),城(cheng)門(men)上建有(you)重檐歇山式城(cheng)樓,惜(xi)已毀(hui)。從實際調查(cha)情況采石(shi),每道門(men)(包括翁(weng)(weng)城(cheng))外壁門(men)沿兩側(ce)上方有(you)仿木結構建筑(zhu),高浮雕(diao)須彌座蓮花(hua)柱礎,闌(lan)額,柱頂枋上施七鋪作圓柱,省替(ti)、鐠柏枋、梁、獅首(shou)椽子等(deng),圓柱頂部陰(yin)刻(ke)密集(ji)形紋飾(shi),闌(lan)額中(zhong)心浮雕(diao)一朵雙蓮菱形花(hua)紋,雀替(ti)下(xia)方鏟地淺浮雕(diao)“雙鹿吃葉”圖案,門(men)洞(dong)上方門(men)楣上雕(diao)菱形窗(chuang)格(ge)間以云(yun)彩(cai)紋飾(shi)。