修筑歷史
松(song)(song)潘(pan)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于(yu)(yu)己于(yu)(yu)人(ren)松(song)(song)潘(pan)縣縣政府(fu)所在地進(jin)安鎮,為(wei)川西北(bei)地區的(de)門戶之一,自(zi)古(gu)以(yi)來(lai)就是一處重要的(de)軍事(shi)要塞,深得廳朝重視。1379年(明洪武十二(er)年)平羌將(jiang)軍丁(ding)玉揮師占據(ju)松(song)(song)州后,兩度上書朝廷請求設衛(wei)(wei)建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)派(pai)兵駐扎,次年朝庭批準設“松(song)(song)州衛(wei)(wei)”,后將(jiang)“潘(pan)州衛(wei)(wei)”(今若(ruo)爾蓋縣求吉鄉(xiang)境內)并入(ru)稱“松(song)(song)潘(pan)衛(wei)(wei)”。保存(cun)至今的(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻即為(wei)此時(shi)始筑。
據(ju)民國(guo)《松(song)潘(pan)縣(xian)志》載(zai),松(song)潘(pan)始設衛(wei)時,丁玉即(ji)調寧(ning)州(個甘肅寧(ning)縣(xian))指揮高顯(xian)來松(song)潘(pan)負責筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)事宜。高顯(xian)在唐宋柔遠土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基礎上,西緣山麓,東濱江岸筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),歷(li)時五(wu)年(nian)之外。明英宗上統(tong)年(nian)間,御使寇琛又(you)將西部城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻內山麓順山脊筑至山頂。嘉靖五(wu)年(nian)1520年(nian)松(song)潘(pan)兵何卿又(you)增修外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二(er)里七(qi)分四百零五(wu)丈。松(song)潘(pan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制大體完成。
城墻構造
松潘(pan)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)分內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)兩城(cheng),內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)平面跨崇山(shan),依山(shan)順勢略(lve)呈三角(jiao)形,東(dong)部(bu)崇山(shan)之下河谷部(bu)份(fen)為(wei)長(chang)方形,外(wai)城(cheng)毗鄰內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)南面的河谷下壩,有(you)城(cheng)門(men)與(yu)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)相通,平面為(wei)長(chang)方形。城(cheng)墻總長(chang)6.2公里(li)(li),用本地燒制(zhi)的青磚砌(qi)(qi)成墻身,內(nei)(nei)土石(shi)(其(qi)中外(wai)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻長(chang)1.37公里(li)(li),用條石(shi)砌(qi)(qi)成墻身,內(nei)(nei)填土石(shi))而成,高12.5米(mi),厚12余(yu)米(mi),以糯米(mi)、石(shi)灰、桐油熬制(zhi)的灰漿(jiang)粕連勾縫,堅固如銅墻鐵壁(bi)。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)有(you)城(cheng)門(men)七道(dao),其(qi)中內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)五道(dao):東(dong)曰(yue)“覲陽”,南稱(cheng)“延薰”,兩號“威遠(yuan)”,北(bei)名(ming)“鎮羌”,西南山(shan)麓(lu)者冠(guan)之“小西門(men)”,外(wai)城(cheng)有(you)門(men)兩道(dao),東(dong)西向(xiang)者雅各“臨(lin)江”,內(nei)(nei)北(bei)向(xiang)者稱(cheng)謂“安阜”。
各(ge)城門(men)僅以大塊規則的長(chang)方(fang)(fang)條石(shi)券拱(gong)而成(cheng)。各(ge)城門(men)外(wai)原皆有翁城(今(jin)僅存南(nan)門(men)翁城),城門(men)上(shang)建有重檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)式城樓,惜已(yi)毀(hui)。從(cong)實際調查情況采石(shi),每道門(men)(包括翁城)外(wai)壁門(men)沿兩側上(shang)方(fang)(fang)有仿(fang)木(mu)結(jie)構建筑,高浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)須彌(mi)座蓮花(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)礎,闌額,柱(zhu)(zhu)頂(ding)枋(fang)(fang)上(shang)施(shi)七鋪作圓柱(zhu)(zhu),省替、鐠柏枋(fang)(fang)、梁、獅首椽子等(deng),圓柱(zhu)(zhu)頂(ding)部陰(yin)刻密(mi)集形紋(wen)飾(shi),闌額中心(xin)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)一朵雙蓮菱形花(hua)紋(wen),雀替下方(fang)(fang)鏟地淺浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)“雙鹿吃(chi)葉”圖案,門(men)洞上(shang)方(fang)(fang)門(men)楣上(shang)雕(diao)(diao)菱形窗(chuang)格間以云彩紋(wen)飾(shi)。