七(qi)(qi)個洞崖墓(mu)(mu)群漢代崖墓(mu)(mu)葬位于長寧(ning)縣古河鎮(zhen)保民村,岷(min)溪河北岸的紅(hong)砂巖峭壁(bi)上,共(gong)28座。因(yin)有7座;集(ji)中建于高(gao)約3~8米的絕壁(bi),遠望7個墓(mu)(mu)門(men)若洞,故名“七(qi)(qi)個洞”。各墓(mu)(mu)早被破(po)壞,無隨葬物,唯墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)結構和石(shi)刻畫(hua)像(xiang)、題記(ji)保存完好。
“七個洞”的(de)7座(zuo)(zuo)崖墓(mu)(mu)從上(shang)至(zhi)下排作四列,單室(shi)(shi),拱(gong)頂或弧(hu)形(xing)頂,墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)平面呈長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),長(chang)2.4~4.2米,寬1.7~2.6米,高1.3~2米,室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)鑿雙(shuang)石棺(guan)(guan)的(de)3座(zuo)(zuo),鑿1具(ju)(ju)石棺(guan)(guan)的(de)2座(zuo)(zuo);棺(guan)(guan)具(ju)(ju)與室(shi)(shi)壁(bi)相連。墓(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)呈方(fang)形(xing),三層(ceng)門(men)(men)楣由(you)外到(dao)內(nei)(nei)逐層(ceng)縮小。墓(mu)(mu)群的(de)石刻圖像,分(fen)布(bu)在墓(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)周圍石壁(bi)上(shang)的(de)多(duo)陰(yin)刻;分(fen)布(bu)在室(shi)(shi)壁(bi)及(ji)石棺(guan)(guan)上(shang)的(de)均為(wei)(wei)浮雕。其內(nei)(nei)容有(you)伏羲(xi)、女媧、衛士、舞女、侍女、車馬出行、宴飲(yin)、伎戲、闕、青龍(long)、白虎、朱雀、錢(qian)范紋等(deng)(deng)。題記計(ji)有(you)7處,分(fen)二(er)類(lei):一為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)年,有(you)“熹平元年”、“延光元年”等(deng)(deng);二(er)為(wei)(wei)姓氏,有(you)“李”、“黃”、“趙之門(men)(men)”等(deng)(deng)。
遺址規模
七(qi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)崖(ya)(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群鑿于岷(min)溪(xi)河岸的(de)紅砂(sha)巖峭壁上(shang),洞(dong)口(kou)從上(shang)至下排(pai)座四列,大大小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群共(gong)28座,錯(cuo)(cuo)落(luo)分(fen)布在好幾公里山(shan)崖(ya)(ya)上(shang),分(fen)布面積約(yue)4000平方米,其(qi)中(zhong)7墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)較集中(zhong),其(qi)余21墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)散(san)錯(cuo)(cuo)落(luo)分(fen)布。集中(zhong)的(de)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)均為長方形弧形頂墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室,遠望7個(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)若洞(dong),故(gu)名(ming)“七(qi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)”。七(qi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)崖(ya)(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群的(de)壁頂上(shang)有(you)天然巖廈,7墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)均為單室,無墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)呈(cheng)方形,由(you)外到(dao)內(nei)逐(zhu)層縮小(xiao),門(men)額及兩側都鑿有(you)整(zheng)齊平行斜(xie)線(xian)或錯(cuo)(cuo)向三(san)角斜(xie)線(xian),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)和峭壁上(shang)有(you)浮雕,如飛龍(long)、舞女(nv)、花卉、雜技、燈籠等圖(tu)案189幅(fu)、29種類型和文(wen)字題(ti)記,順(shun)著(zhu)七(qi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)延(yan)伸的(de)巖石再往前探尋,類似(si)的(de)古墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)還有(you)二三(san)十個(ge)(ge)(ge)。
文物遺存
七個洞崖(ya)墓保存了(le)內(nei)容豐(feng)富(fu)的石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)和(he)題記,可(ke)分為(wei)兩大部分:一為(wei)墓室(包(bao)括石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺外壁和(he)墓門)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang);二為(wei)墓外壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(包(bao)括紀年題記)。內(nei)容主要是神話(hua)傳說(shuo)、祥禽瑞獸、傳統禮儀、舞(wu)樂百(bai)戲等。