文物遺存
托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)新疆維吾(wu)爾自治區巴楚(chu)縣(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)村。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)包括(kuo)托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、 托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)佛(fo)寺(si)和圖(tu)木(mu)(mu)休克(ke)佛(fo)寺(si)等(deng)(deng)。在北山(shan)(shan)(shan)和南山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)寺(si)廟(miao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)依山(shan)(shan)(shan)而建,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)三重(zhong)(zhong),南北開門,系夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)筑成(cheng)。分內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、大(da)(da)(da)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三部(bu)分。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長756米(mi)由(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰到山(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)接(jie)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)續至(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)長1008米(mi)。大(da)(da)(da)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長1668米(mi),由(you)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環繞(rao)到南山(shan)(shan)(shan)根(gen)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰、山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)土(tu)(tu)坯砌(qi)筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡還(huan)有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡。曾(ceng)出土(tu)(tu)大(da)(da)(da)量漢(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、婆(po)羅謎文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、回鶻文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、阿拉伯文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書及錢幣(bi)、絲(si)(si)(si)(si)毛(mao)(mao)織物等(deng)(deng)精(jing)美文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)年代(dai)上(shang)(shang)限(xian)可(ke)早至(zhi)漢(han)代(dai),盛(sheng)于(yu)(yu)唐(tang),一度為(wei)喀(ka)什(shen)地(di)區中(zhong)(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi),是(shi)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢之(zhi)路古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)道(dao)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)站。晉唐(tang)時期的(de)(de)托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)佛(fo)寺(si)和圖(tu)木(mu)(mu)休克(ke)佛(fo)寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),規(gui)模宏(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da),布(bu)局完整,發(fa)現有(you)(you)唐(tang)舍(she)利盒、佛(fo)教雕塑和壁畫等(deng)(deng)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長756米(mi)由(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰到山(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)接(jie)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)續至(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)長1008米(mi)。大(da)(da)(da)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長1668米(mi),由(you)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環繞(rao)到南山(shan)(shan)(shan)根(gen)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰、山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)土(tu)(tu)坯砌(qi)筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡還(huan)有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡。曾(ceng)出土(tu)(tu)大(da)(da)(da)量漢(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、婆(po)羅謎文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、回鶻文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、阿拉伯文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書及錢幣(bi)、絲(si)(si)(si)(si)毛(mao)(mao)織物等(deng)(deng)精(jing)美文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)年代(dai)上(shang)(shang)限(xian)可(ke)早至(zhi)漢(han)代(dai),盛(sheng)于(yu)(yu)唐(tang),一度為(wei)喀(ka)什(shen)地(di)區中(zhong)(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi),是(shi)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢之(zhi)路古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)道(dao)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)站。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)附(fu)近是(shi)晉唐(tang)時期托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)佛(fo)寺(si)和圖(tu)木(mu)(mu)休克(ke)佛(fo)寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),規(gui)模宏(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da),布(bu)局完整,發(fa)現有(you)(you)唐(tang)舍(she)利盒、 佛(fo)教雕塑和壁畫等(deng)(deng)。托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)處于(yu)(yu)漢(han)唐(tang)西域的(de)(de)南、北道(dao)間,內(nei)涵(han)豐富,是(shi)該地(di)區晉唐(tang)佛(fo)教文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化繁榮(rong)的(de)(de)證明,也是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢之(zhi)路上(shang)(shang)歷(li)史、考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。 位(wei)于(yu)(yu)新疆巴楚(chu)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東約(yue)60公(gong)里的(de)(de)托(tuo)(tuo)和沙賴塔(ta)格(ge)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)南麓的(de)(de)托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),最(zui)近被列為(wei)第五批全國重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物保護單位(wei)。托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)三重(zhong)(zhong),南北開門,系夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)筑成(cheng)。在北山(shan)(shan)(shan)和南山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)寺(si)廟(miao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。據(ju)考證,此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)漢(han)至(zhi)北魏時代(dai)的(de)(de)尉頭(tou)國,唐(tang)代(dai)的(de)(de)據(ju)史德城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),亦即(ji)郁(yu)頭(tou)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。曾(ceng)是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢之(zhi)路上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)鎮,在東西方文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明的(de)(de)交流(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮過重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作用。