文物遺存
托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位于新疆維吾(wu)爾(er)自治區(qu)巴(ba)楚縣(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)村。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)包(bao)括托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、 托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)和(he)(he)圖木(mu)休克(ke)佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)等。在(zai)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)寺(si)廟遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)依(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)建,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為(wei)三(san)重(zhong)(zhong),南(nan)(nan)北開門(men),系夯土(tu)筑成(cheng)。分(fen)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、大外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三(san)部(bu)分(fen)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長756米(mi)由山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)到(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)(tou)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)接(jie)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)續至(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)長1008米(mi)。大外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長1668米(mi),由外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環繞到(dao)(dao)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)根。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)土(tu)坯砌筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)跡(ji)還(huan)有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)跡(ji)。曾出土(tu)大量(liang)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)、婆(po)羅謎文(wen)(wen)、回(hui)鶻文(wen)(wen)、阿拉伯文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)書及錢幣(bi)、絲毛織(zhi)物(wu)等精美文(wen)(wen)物(wu)。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)年代(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)限可(ke)早至(zhi)(zhi)漢(han)代(dai)(dai),盛(sheng)(sheng)于唐(tang),一(yi)度為(wei)喀什地區(qu)中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市,是絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)古(gu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)大站。晉(jin)唐(tang)時(shi)期的(de)(de)托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)和(he)(he)圖木(mu)休克(ke)佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),規(gui)模宏大,布局完整,發現(xian)有(you)(you)唐(tang)舍利盒、佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)雕(diao)塑(su)和(he)(he)壁(bi)畫等。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長756米(mi)由山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)到(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)(tou)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)接(jie)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)續至(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)長1008米(mi)。大外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長1668米(mi),由外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環繞到(dao)(dao)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)根。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)土(tu)坯砌筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)跡(ji)還(huan)有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)跡(ji)。曾出土(tu)大量(liang)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)、婆(po)羅謎文(wen)(wen)、回(hui)鶻文(wen)(wen)、阿拉伯文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)書及錢幣(bi)、絲毛織(zhi)物(wu)等精美文(wen)(wen)物(wu)。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)年代(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)限可(ke)早至(zhi)(zhi)漢(han)代(dai)(dai),盛(sheng)(sheng)于唐(tang),一(yi)度為(wei)喀什地區(qu)中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市,是絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)古(gu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)大站。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)附近是晉(jin)唐(tang)時(shi)期托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)和(he)(he)圖木(mu)休克(ke)佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),規(gui)模宏大,布局完整,發現(xian)有(you)(you)唐(tang)舍利盒、 佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)雕(diao)塑(su)和(he)(he)壁(bi)畫等。托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)于漢(han)唐(tang)西(xi)域的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)、北道(dao)(dao)間,內(nei)涵(han)豐富,是該地區(qu)晉(jin)唐(tang)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)繁榮的(de)(de)證(zheng)明(ming),也是古(gu)絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)、考古(gu)價值的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。 位于新疆巴(ba)楚縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)約60公里的(de)(de)托(tuo)(tuo)和(he)(he)沙賴(lai)塔格北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓的(de)(de)托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),最近被(bei)列為(wei)第五批全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位。托(tuo)(tuo)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)孜(zi)(zi)薩來(lai)(lai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為(wei)三(san)重(zhong)(zhong),南(nan)(nan)北開門(men),系夯土(tu)筑成(cheng)。在(zai)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)寺(si)廟遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。據(ju)(ju)考證(zheng),此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)漢(han)至(zhi)(zhi)北魏時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)尉(wei)頭(tou)(tou)國,唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)據(ju)(ju)史(shi)(shi)德城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),亦即郁頭(tou)(tou)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。曾是古(gu)絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)鎮(zhen),在(zai)東(dong)西(xi)方(fang)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)交流中(zhong)發揮過重(zhong)(zhong)要作用。