簡介
廣允緬寺建筑,據傳是道光八年(1828年)汪政府調停耿馬土司內訌,冊封罕榮高為土司的時代所建,距今170多年。建筑風格較多地受到漢族建筑風格的影響,保留了南傳上部座佛教寺院的基本形式,是漢式建筑外形與傣族庭院內部裝飾的有機結合,在建筑藝術風格上獨具一格。廣允緬寺由于其歷史、地域、人文、宗教的重要地位,于1988年元月13日,被國務院公布為第三批全國重點保護文物。
寺院占地2200平方(fang)米(mi),經過(guo)修復的(de)主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)建于高(gao)0.5至(zhi)1.5米(mi)的(de)基座(zuo)上(shang),門(men)面闊14.8米(mi),大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)進深24.4米(mi),為(wei)穿斗式木(mu)結(jie)(jie)構。整(zheng)座(zuo)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)由一(yi)圍廊式歇山(shan)頂三(san)重(zhong)檐殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂與四(si)方(fang)型(xing)五(wu)重(zhong)檐亭(ting)部長(chang)組合而成。亭(ting)閣(ge)作(zuo)重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)頂,檐下飾斗拱,五(wu)重(zhong)上(shang)跳,拱部雕(diao)刻(ke)云紋。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)作(zuo)三(san)重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)式木(mu)結(jie)(jie)構建筑,第三(san)層檐下側面和(he)背后形成殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂四(si)周的(de)圍廓。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂門(men)窗(chuang)作(zuo)有透(tou)雕(diao)裝飾,梁坊門(men)柱啟蒙飾刻(ke)板漏印(yin)的(de)“金水”圖案,技藝(yi)精美,是傣族的(de)傳(chuan)統工藝(yi)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)并列金柱六根,尤(you)其是緬寺門(men)面柱上(shang)倒(dao)懸(xuan)兩條木(mu)雕(diao)巨龍,盤旋在門(men)廳入口(kou)的(de)左右(you)二柱上(shang),使殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂更顯得輝煌華貴。
內部結構
廣允(yun)(yun)緬寺現存主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及二門(men)(men)。主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)縱式布局, 面闊14.8米(mi),進深(shen)24.4米(mi),穿斗式木架結構,系由一(yi)圍廊式殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂與(yu)(yu)一(yi)重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亭(ting)(ting)閣勾連而成(cheng)(cheng)。亭(ting)(ting)閣位(wei)于(yu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)廳(ting),門(men)(men)前二柱倒懸兩條木雕(diao)(diao)巨龍,亭(ting)(ting)作重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding)(ding),檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下飾斗栱,屬(shu)清代形(xing)式。亭(ting)(ting)閣第(di)一(yi)層(ceng)舉高基(ji)本與(yu)(yu)后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)第(di)一(yi)重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)相等(deng)(deng);第(di)二層(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)(yu)后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)第(di)二層(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)同,而轉(zhuan)角處另加二重假(jia)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),造成(cheng)(cheng)亭(ting)(ting)閣兩側外形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)五重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)結構。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)滴水歇山(shan)頂(ding)(ding),其(qi)第(di)三(san)層(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下側面與(yu)(yu)后背形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)圍廊,是(shi)一(yi)座漢族(zu)建(jian)筑特點與(yu)(yu)傣族(zu)寺院的有(you)機結合體(ti)。廣允(yun)(yun)緬寺的木雕(diao)(diao),除門(men)(men)前兩條巨龍外,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前滿堂門(men)(men)窗皆作透雕(diao)(diao)圖案,技藝極精。
大殿內壁(bi)繪10幅(fu)(fu)壁(bi)畫(hua),壁(bi)畫(hua)多為(wei)墨勾輪廓,再(zai)填色(se),風(feng)格和技(ji)巧與內地明清作品相似。其(qi)中(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)6幅(fu)(fu)較大,每幅(fu)(fu)寬 3米(mi)(mi),高2.1米(mi)(mi),內有(you)(you)4幅(fu)(fu)中(zhong)嵌窗戶,因(yin)而畫(hua)面呈凹(ao)字(zi)形(xing)(xing)。靠近佛臺兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce) 4幅(fu)(fu)較小,寬約1.3米(mi)(mi),高1.2~2.1 米(mi)(mi)。有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)幅(fu)(fu)內容為(wei)佛傳(chuan)故(gu)事。畫(hua)中(zhong)建筑多數為(wei)重檐歇山頂,屬漢族建筑式樣,而人物(wu)形(xing)(xing)象則有(you)(you)官員、仕女(nv)、兵丁、侍從等,從服飾看(kan)分屬不同民族。其(qi)中(zhong)武士(shi)戴頂冠,著(zhu)馬(ma)蹄口窄(zhai)袖上(shang)衣,屬典型的清代服飾。
交通
位于臨滄市滄源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)城勐董(dong)大街北側,到(dao)滄源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)后步行即到(dao)。滄源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)距昆明840多公里,昆明西部客運站有(you)客車前往。