簡介
廣允緬寺建筑,據傳是道光八年(1828年)汪政府調停耿馬土司內訌,冊封罕榮高為土司的時代所建,距今170多年。建筑風格較多地受到漢族建筑風格的影響,保留了南傳上部座佛教寺院的基本形式,是漢式建筑外形與傣族庭院內部裝飾的有機結合,在建筑藝術風格上獨具一格。廣允緬寺由于其歷史、地域、人文、宗教的重要地位,于1988年元月13日,被國務院公布為第三批全國重點保護文物。
寺院占(zhan)地2200平方米,經過修復的(de)主殿(dian)建于高0.5至1.5米的(de)基座上(shang),門(men)面闊14.8米,大殿(dian)進深(shen)24.4米,為穿斗式木(mu)結(jie)構。整座大殿(dian)由一圍(wei)廊式歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)頂三(san)重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)殿(dian)堂(tang)與(yu)四方型五重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亭部長組合而成。亭閣作重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)頂,檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下飾斗拱(gong),五重上(shang)跳(tiao),拱(gong)部雕刻云紋(wen)。大殿(dian)作三(san)重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歇(xie)(xie)山(shan)式木(mu)結(jie)構建筑,第(di)三(san)層檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下側面和背(bei)后(hou)形成殿(dian)堂(tang)四周的(de)圍(wei)廓(kuo)。殿(dian)堂(tang)門(men)窗作有(you)透(tou)雕裝飾,梁坊門(men)柱(zhu)(zhu)啟(qi)蒙飾刻板漏(lou)印(yin)的(de)“金(jin)水”圖案(an),技藝精美,是傣族(zu)的(de)傳統工藝。大殿(dian)內并列(lie)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)六根,尤其是緬寺門(men)面柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)倒(dao)懸(xuan)兩(liang)條木(mu)雕巨龍,盤旋在門(men)廳入口的(de)左右二柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang),使殿(dian)堂(tang)更(geng)顯(xian)得輝煌(huang)華(hua)貴。
內部結構
廣(guang)允(yun)緬寺(si)現存主殿(dian)(dian)及二(er)門。主殿(dian)(dian)縱(zong)式布局, 面闊14.8米,進深24.4米,穿斗式木(mu)架(jia)結(jie)構(gou)(gou),系由一(yi)(yi)圍廊(lang)式殿(dian)(dian)堂與(yu)一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亭(ting)閣勾連(lian)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。亭(ting)閣位于殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian),形成(cheng)(cheng)過廳(ting),門前(qian)(qian)二(er)柱倒懸(xuan)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)木(mu)雕(diao)(diao)巨龍(long),亭(ting)作(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山頂,檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下飾斗栱(gong),屬清代形式。亭(ting)閣第(di)一(yi)(yi)層舉(ju)高基本與(yu)后殿(dian)(dian)第(di)一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)相(xiang)等;第(di)二(er)層檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)后殿(dian)(dian)第(di)二(er)層檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等同,而(er)轉角處另加二(er)重(zhong)(zhong)假(jia)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),造成(cheng)(cheng)亭(ting)閣兩(liang)(liang)側外形成(cheng)(cheng)五重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)三滴水歇(xie)山頂,其第(di)三層檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下側面與(yu)后背(bei)形成(cheng)(cheng)圍廊(lang),是一(yi)(yi)座漢(han)族(zu)建筑特(te)點與(yu)傣族(zu)寺(si)院的有機結(jie)合(he)體。廣(guang)允(yun)緬寺(si)的木(mu)雕(diao)(diao),除門前(qian)(qian)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)巨龍(long)外,殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)滿堂門窗皆作(zuo)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)圖(tu)案(an),技藝極精。
大殿(dian)內壁(bi)繪(hui)10幅(fu)(fu)壁(bi)畫(hua)(hua),壁(bi)畫(hua)(hua)多(duo)為(wei)墨勾(gou)輪廓,再(zai)填色(se),風(feng)格和技(ji)巧(qiao)與內地明清作品相似(si)。其中兩側6幅(fu)(fu)較(jiao)大,每幅(fu)(fu)寬 3米,高2.1米,內有4幅(fu)(fu)中嵌窗戶,因而畫(hua)(hua)面呈凹字(zi)形(xing)。靠近佛臺兩側 4幅(fu)(fu)較(jiao)小,寬約(yue)1.3米,高1.2~2.1 米。有兩幅(fu)(fu)內容為(wei)佛傳故事。畫(hua)(hua)中建(jian)筑(zhu)多(duo)數(shu)為(wei)重檐歇山頂,屬漢族(zu)建(jian)筑(zhu)式樣(yang),而人物形(xing)象則有官員(yuan)、仕女、兵丁、侍從(cong)等,從(cong)服飾(shi)看分屬不同民族(zu)。其中武士戴頂冠(guan),著馬蹄口窄袖上衣,屬典(dian)型的清代(dai)服飾(shi)。
交通
位于臨滄市(shi)滄源(yuan)縣城勐董大(da)街(jie)北(bei)側,到滄源(yuan)縣后步行即到。滄源(yuan)縣距昆明840多(duo)公(gong)里,昆明西部客運(yun)站有客車(che)前往(wang)。