簡介
廣允緬寺建筑,據傳是道光八年(1828年)汪政府調停耿馬土司內訌,冊封罕榮高為土司的時代所建,距今170多年。建筑風格較多地受到漢族建筑風格的影響,保留了南傳上部座佛教寺院的基本形式,是漢式建筑外形與傣族庭院內部裝飾的有機結合,在建筑藝術風格上獨具一格。廣允緬寺由于其歷史、地域、人文、宗教的重要地位,于1988年元月13日,被國務院公布為第三批全國重點保護文物。
寺院占(zhan)地2200平方米,經(jing)過修復的(de)主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建于高0.5至1.5米的(de)基座(zuo)上(shang)(shang),門(men)面(mian)闊14.8米,大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)深24.4米,為穿斗(dou)式(shi)木結構。整座(zuo)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)由一圍廊(lang)式(shi)歇山頂(ding)三(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)與四(si)方型五重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)亭部長組合而(er)成(cheng)。亭閣作(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)歇山頂(ding),檐(yan)下飾(shi)(shi)斗(dou)拱,五重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)跳,拱部雕(diao)(diao)刻云紋(wen)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作(zuo)三(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)歇山式(shi)木結構建筑(zhu),第(di)三(san)層檐(yan)下側(ce)面(mian)和背(bei)后形(xing)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)四(si)周(zhou)的(de)圍廓。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)門(men)窗作(zuo)有透雕(diao)(diao)裝飾(shi)(shi),梁坊門(men)柱(zhu)啟蒙(meng)飾(shi)(shi)刻板漏印的(de)“金水(shui)”圖案,技藝精美,是傣族的(de)傳統工藝。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)并列金柱(zhu)六根(gen),尤其是緬(mian)寺門(men)面(mian)柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)倒懸兩(liang)條木雕(diao)(diao)巨(ju)龍,盤旋在門(men)廳入口的(de)左(zuo)右(you)二柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang),使(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)更顯得輝煌華貴。
內部結構
廣(guang)允緬寺(si)(si)現存主(zhu)殿(dian)及二(er)(er)門。主(zhu)殿(dian)縱式(shi)(shi)布局, 面闊14.8米,進深24.4米,穿(chuan)斗式(shi)(shi)木(mu)架結(jie)構,系由一圍廊式(shi)(shi)殿(dian)堂與(yu)(yu)一重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)亭(ting)閣勾連而成。亭(ting)閣位于殿(dian)前,形成過(guo)廳,門前二(er)(er)柱倒懸兩條(tiao)木(mu)雕巨(ju)龍,亭(ting)作(zuo)重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding),檐(yan)(yan)下飾斗栱(gong),屬清代形式(shi)(shi)。亭(ting)閣第(di)(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)舉(ju)高基本與(yu)(yu)后(hou)殿(dian)第(di)(di)一重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)相等;第(di)(di)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)與(yu)(yu)后(hou)殿(dian)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)等同(tong),而轉(zhuan)角處(chu)另加二(er)(er)重(zhong)假檐(yan)(yan),造成亭(ting)閣兩側(ce)外(wai)(wai)形成五重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)結(jie)構。大殿(dian)三(san)滴水歇山(shan)頂(ding),其第(di)(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)下側(ce)面與(yu)(yu)后(hou)背形成圍廊,是一座漢族建筑(zhu)特點與(yu)(yu)傣族寺(si)(si)院的(de)有機結(jie)合體。廣(guang)允緬寺(si)(si)的(de)木(mu)雕,除門前兩條(tiao)巨(ju)龍外(wai)(wai),殿(dian)前滿(man)堂門窗皆作(zuo)透雕圖案(an),技(ji)藝極精(jing)。
大殿內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)繪10幅(fu)(fu)壁(bi)畫(hua),壁(bi)畫(hua)多為墨勾輪(lun)廓(kuo),再填色(se),風格和技巧與內(nei)(nei)地明清作(zuo)品相(xiang)似(si)。其中(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)側6幅(fu)(fu)較大,每幅(fu)(fu)寬 3米,高2.1米,內(nei)(nei)有4幅(fu)(fu)中(zhong)嵌窗戶,因而畫(hua)面呈(cheng)凹字形。靠近佛臺兩(liang)(liang)側 4幅(fu)(fu)較小,寬約1.3米,高1.2~2.1 米。有兩(liang)(liang)幅(fu)(fu)內(nei)(nei)容為佛傳故事。畫(hua)中(zhong)建(jian)筑多數為重(zhong)檐歇山頂,屬(shu)漢族(zu)建(jian)筑式樣,而人物形象則有官員、仕女、兵丁、侍從等,從服飾(shi)看分(fen)屬(shu)不同民族(zu)。其中(zhong)武士戴頂冠,著馬蹄口窄袖上(shang)衣,屬(shu)典型的清代服飾(shi)。
交通
位于臨滄(cang)市滄(cang)源縣(xian)城勐(meng)董大街北(bei)側,到滄(cang)源縣(xian)后(hou)步(bu)行即到。滄(cang)源縣(xian)距昆(kun)明840多(duo)公里,昆(kun)明西部客運站有客車前往。