地理位置
秀山,位于云(yun)南(nan)玉溪通海(hai)縣城南(nan)隅,峰頂海(hai)拔2060米,垂直高度(du)近200米,轄(xia)區面積7.6平方公里,游覽面積155萬平方米,建(jian)筑面積5萬余平方米。 氣候、交通條件。
秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),屬(shu)中亞熱(re)帶半(ban)濕潤高(gao)原涼(liang)冬季(ji)風氣(qi)候,雨熱(re)同季(ji),四(si)季(ji)如春(chun)。交通(tong)(tong)(tong)極其便利,東(dong)漢(han)(han)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)25—56年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間),通(tong)(tong)(tong)海(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人行(xing)道(dao)路西可(ke)達于(yu)玉(yu)溪(xi)、晉城(cheng)、昆明(ming)方向,東(dong)可(ke)抵于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)等地,自古(gu)就(jiu)是交通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樞紐。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),4車(che)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)等級(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路橫貫通(tong)(tong)(tong)海(hai),西接玉(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路、東(dong)連(lian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(通(tong)(tong)(tong)海(hai)至建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui))高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路,由縣城(cheng)至秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景區也可(ke)乘坐(zuo)大(da)型旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)車(che),行(xing)2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)就(jiu)可(ke)到(dao)達。歷(li)史沿革 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),始(shi)于(yu)西漢(han)(han)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)(ding)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前116年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))時名青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),唐謂秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),宋名普光山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)稱(cheng)玉(yu)隱山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),清代(dai)又恢復了(le)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之名,民(min)(min)國二(er)十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))始(shi)名秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。漢(han)(han)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)(ding)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),漢(han)(han)武帝封莊(zhuang)蹺的(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔毋波為田勾町王,始(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)辟園(yuan)林,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)剎。歷(li)唐、宋、元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)、清五(wu)個朝(chao)代(dai),今尚存田勾町王廟(miao)、三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮、普光寺(si)(si)(si)、玉(yu)皇(huang)閣(ge)、清涼(liang)臺(tai)(tai)、涌金(jin)寺(si)(si)(si)、白龍寺(si)(si)(si)七大(da)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群體(ti)。 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),自西漢(han)(han)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)(ding)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)新中國成(cheng)立(li)(li)已經(jing)(jing)歷(li)了(le)兩千(qian)余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滄桑,歷(li)史悠(you)久(jiu),多元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文化(hua)積(ji)淀豐厚。據《大(da)明(ming)一(yi)統志》載,秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是云(yun)南(nan)(nan)四(si)大(da)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之一(yi),與(yu)昆明(ming)金(jin)馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、碧雞山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)理點(dian)蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)齊(qi)名。明(ming)代(dai)地理學家(jia)徐(xu)霞客(ke)游(you)(you)(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)時留(liu)下了(le)贊美(mei)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩名,清康熙時,云(yun)南(nan)(nan)按(an)察(cha)使許弘(hong)勛在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《通(tong)(tong)(tong)海(hai)邑去序》中稱(cheng)譽秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)甲南(nan)(nan)滇(dian)”。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)國后1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)為滇(dian)南(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)(you)(you)覽(lan)勝(sheng)地,由通(tong)(tong)(tong)海(hai)縣秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮代(dai)管,1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月至今隸屬(shu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)海(hai)縣人民(min)(min)政府文化(hua)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)局下屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個單位(wei)。登秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),近觀翠林芳(fang)草,聆聽清泉幽韻,遠眺南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北湖峙對,萬壑千(qian)峰笏立(li)(li),云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)煙霞嵐繞,真乃仙韻無(wu)窮(qiong)。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)院構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有致,古(gu)色古(gu)香。不但有道(dao)家(jia)(三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮、顥穹宮)、佛家(jia)(清涼(liang)臺(tai)(tai)、涌金(jin)寺(si)(si)(si)等)、儒家(jia)(海(hai)月樓(lou)、酌花樓(lou)等)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和諧融(rong)洽,更有各朝(chao)代(dai)風格獨異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)臺(tai)(tai)亭閣(ge)掩映(ying)其間。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群已列為云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省重點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei),國家(jia)AAA級(ji)(ji)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)區。它在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)明(ming)朝(chao)時曾與(yu)昆明(ming)金(jin)馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、碧雞山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),大(da)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)共(gong)稱(cheng)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)四(si)大(da)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),素(su)有“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)甲南(nan)(nan)滇(dian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)譽。漢(han)(han)代(dai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此辟山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)剎,立(li)(li)亭園(yuan),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)、清進為佛教勝(sheng)地,民(min)(min)國時期置為公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。經(jing)(jing)千(qian)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)繕,逐(zhu)步(bu)成(cheng)為名聞遐邇的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)(you)(you)覽(lan)勝(sheng)地;1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月被(bei)列為云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省第三批省級(ji)(ji)重點(dian)文物(wu) 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于(yu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)海(hai)縣城(cheng)南(nan)(nan),與(yu)城(cheng)相連(lian)。出城(cheng)步(bu)行(xing)數百步(bu)即可(ke)登山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中禪院森森,曲(qu)徑通(tong)(tong)(tong)幽。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong) 園(yuan)經(jing)(jing)歷(li)代(dai)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),構成(cheng)了(le)三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮、普光寺(si)(si)(si)、玉(yu)皇(huang)閣(ge)、清涼(liang)臺(tai)(tai)、萬壽宮、斗天(tian)閣(ge)、涌金(jin)寺(si)(si)(si)等古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群。
景點
普(pu)光寺(si)現存殿(dian)宇建于(yu)元代,正殿(dian)屋架為(wei)斗(dou)拱(gong)式(shi)結構,呈典型蒙(meng)古建筑形式(shi)。寺(si)內(nei)有元代 為(wei)紀(ji)念神僧(seng)李畔富所(suo)建佛塔2座,古樸莊重(zhong)。 東院內(nei)就山巖鑿有洗缽(bo)池(chi),池(chi)上方巖縫中泉水 浸(jin)冒而出(chu),滴注于(yu)池(chi)中,叮咚(dong)不息。
清(qing)涼臺原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)清(qing)涼寺(si)(si),元時高僧鐵牛(niu)禪師所建(jian),經歷(li)代增修,具現在(zai)規模。由(you)魯賢祠、桂香殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、海云樓、藥(yao)(yao)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、蓬萊閣(ge)(ge)、武(wu)侯祠等(deng)連成(cheng)一個(ge)四院三(san)通的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)整體。寺(si)(si)院地(di)勢(shi)高峻,四圍綠(lv)樹掩(yan)映,背山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面湖,涼風不斷(duan)。的(de)(de)(de)確是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)無(wu)(wu)暑的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)涼世界(jie)。 涌金寺(si)(si)俗稱(cheng)大(da)頂寺(si)(si),是(shi)(shi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)位置最高的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu),因山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)如“地(di)涌金蓮”而得名(ming)(ming)。占地(di)面積6000多(duo)平方米。寺(si)(si)分(fen)三(san)進(jin),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇宏偉,寺(si)(si)門(men)雄踞于(yu)(yu)半圓形石階之(zhi)上(shang),“涌金寺(si)(si)”3個(ge)貼(tie)金大(da)字(zi)雄渾莊重。正中為(wei)(wei)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古柏閣(ge)(ge),此閣(ge)(ge)全部(bu)木(mu)結構,奇巧無(wu)(wu)比。大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)塑三(san)世佛像(xiang),慈(ci) 顏(yan)善目,體態(tai)勻稱(cheng)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前“白馬”、“黃龍”、 “法(fa)海圓明”3座坊立于(yu)(yu)東、西、北三(san)方。大(da)院中翠(cui)柏蒼勁,茶花吐(tu)艷,元杉噴香。宋柏、元 杉、明玉蘭被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)三(san)絕”。涌金寺(si)(si)左廂(xiang)是(shi)(shi)一套院,門(men)上(shang)有一別致的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)匾,上(shang)書“這(zhe)(zhe)里來”,進(jin)門(men)更是(shi)(shi)清(qing)靜的(de)(de)(de)一院,東為(wei)(wei)曇花軒,西有酌花樓,北面另為(wei)(wei)一小(xiao)院,可(ke)謂院中之(zhi)院。“這(zhe)(zhe)里來”院內有明玉蘭、牡丹、芍(shao)藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)名(ming)(ming)花奇草(cao),進(jin)門(men)就(jiu)讓人(ren)感到滿院芬芳。” 白龍寺(si)(si)坐落在(zai)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)面的(de)(de)(de)茂林之(zhi)中,是(shi)(shi)后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)唯一建(jian)筑(zhu),寺(si)(si)院古樸典雅(ya),與周圍環境十分(fen)協調。近年來擴建(jian)了(le)部(bu)分(fen)亭閣(ge)(ge)游廊及服(fu)務設(she) 施,引水上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),鑿池培植荷(he)花及各種(zhong)花卉草(cao)木(mu),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公園又一新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)游覽點(dian)。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)綠(lv),茂密的(de)(de)(de)林木(mu)把整座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)掩(yan)蓋得嚴(yan)嚴(yan)實(shi)實(shi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北麓(lu)翠(cui)竹萬桿,青(qing)翠(cui)欲滴;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西密林間灌(guan)木(mu)叢生,野花點(dian)點(dian);山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東面奇松參天,杉栗蔥翠(cui);山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)松林似海,濤聲如吼。種(zhong)類繁(fan)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)花草(cao)樹木(mu),一年四季爭奇斗艷,各寺(si)(si)院中也是(shi)(shi)花木(mu)扶疏,松柏森森,綠(lv)杉撐(cheng)天。 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不僅(jin)有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川之(zhi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)麗(li),更有歷(li)代墨客騷人(ren)、 學(xue)者名(ming)(ming)宦之(zhi)吟詠(yong),使秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)成(cheng)了(le)“匾山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)聯(lian)(lian)海”和(he)碑(bei)林。至(zhi)今保留(liu)在(zai)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)匾聯(lian)(lian)碑(bei)刻(ke)有200余副(塊),這(zhe)(zhe)些匾聯(lian)(lian)碑(bei)刻(ke),洋溢著詩情畫意,書法(fa)均屬(shu)上(shang)乘之(zhi)作,使詩、書、畫、景和(he)精美的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)珠聯(lian)(lian)璧合。
歷史記載
查(cha)證通海(hai)(hai)地方史(shi)志(zhi)和秀(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)殘存的(de)(de)碑刻,可(ke)以發現(xian),上世紀50年代(dai)之(zhi)前,秀(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)某(mou)處寺院、樓(lou)閣毀于(yu)火災,或在(zai)小(xiao)規模地方武(wu)裝沖(chong)突之(zhi)中(zhong)遭到局部損(sun)毀之(zhi)類的(de)(de)事(shi)件,我們可(ke)以找到一些零星的(de)(de)記載(zai)。但是(shi),1949年之(zhi)后的(de)(de)20年時間(jian)里,諸如“大戰鋼鐵(tie)銅(tong)”、“掃四舊”、“通海(hai)(hai)大地震”等天災人(ren)禍(huo)對秀(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)滌蕩,在(zai)相關史(shi)志(zhi)和碑刻中(zhong)卻聞所未聞。發生在(zai)上世紀中(zhong)期的(de)(de)秀(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)三次劫(jie)難已成歷史(shi),對于(yu)這段歷史(shi),現(xian)代(dai)人(ren)是(shi)開(kai)始反思呢,還是(shi)頭腦一片空(kong)白(bai)?
第(di)一(yi)劫:1958年——“大戰鋼鐵銅”——熔(rong)爐、繩索、錘(chui)鑿毀(hui)棄秀山(shan)千年銅佛史(shi)。
張汝潤曾(ceng)經是秀山腳下(xia)通海一中(zhong)的學生,后來又成了(le)(le)(le)這個學校的老師。他回憶說,1958年,因為學校緊(jin)挨(ai)著秀山,他曾(ceng)聽(ting)老百姓(xing)傳(chuan)言:秀山上的銅像都(dou)被(bei)人敲掉了(le)(le)(le),在銅像內還取(qu)出了(le)(le)(le)不少經書;山上涌金寺那口大鐘(zhong),鐘(zhong)聲(sheng)能(neng)(neng)越過杞麓(lu)湖,江(jiang)川雄關的百姓(xing)都(dou)能(neng)(neng)聽(ting)到,也被(bei)人破壞(huai)了(le)(le)(le)。
1958年“大(da)戰鋼鐵銅(tong)”時(shi),原(yuan)通海(hai)縣(xian)委宣傳部(bu)部(bu)長馬啟和在(zai)縣(xian)政(zheng)府文教科(ke)工(gong)作,他(ta)回憶說,“大(da)戰鋼鐵銅(tong)”時(shi),縣(xian)委工(gong)業部(bu)的(de)“工(gong)作”對象是山上的(de)大(da)小(xiao)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang),在(zai)秀(xiu)山,每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)寺院都有神(shen)像(xiang)(xiang),每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)寺院的(de)正神(shen)都是銅(tong)鑄的(de),并且如涌金寺的(de)三大(da)佛像(xiang)(xiang)、玉皇(huang)(huang)閣的(de)玉皇(huang)(huang)大(da)帝像(xiang)(xiang)都有幾噸重。
在得(de)知工業(ye)部(bu)的(de)工作(zuo)隊(dui)上山(shan)砸(za)銅像的(de)消息后,馬(ma)啟(qi)和馬(ma)上向當時(shi)的(de)省文(wen)教廳反映(ying)了(le)縣里(li)的(de)情(qing)況,很快(kuai)收到了(le)省里(li)的(de)傳真文(wen)件(jian):全省都出(chu)現了(le)這種情(qing)況,要認真保護。他拿(na)著(zhu)這個文(wen)件(jian)上秀(xiu)山(shan)時(shi),工作(zuo)隊(dui)已經從涌金(jin)寺一(yi)路“工作(zuo)”下(xia)來,正在玉皇閣里(li)砸(za)玉皇大帝的(de)銅像,銅像太(tai)重(zhong),計劃分成三段(duan)處理。他向工作(zuo)隊(dui)出(chu)示了(le)省里(li)的(de)文(wen)件(jian),可是(shi)人家不(bu)聽,還搬出(chu)當時(shi)最(zui)時(shi)髦、最(zui)革命的(de)話“鋼鐵升帳,誰也不(bu)能(neng)阻擋”做擋箭牌,把他的(de)文(wen)件(jian)擋了(le)回(hui)去。
張仕(shi)昌是(shi)秀山(shan)(shan)腳下(xia)(xia)原通(tong)海(hai)縣文(wen)(wen)化(hua)館職員,曾經是(shi)秀山(shan)(shan)公園的管理者之一。他在(zai)親眼(yan)看到有人挎著(zhu)繩(sheng)索、扛著(zhu)鐵錘上(shang)秀山(shan)(shan)砸銅像的情(qing)形后(hou),偷偷地向(xiang)省文(wen)(wen)教廳打電話(hua),匯報了(le)情(qing)況,最終也無濟于(yu)事。無奈之下(xia)(xia),他與(yu)同事闞華堂一起冒著(zhu)風(feng)險(xian)從山(shan)(shan)上(shang)撿了(le)一挑(tiao)文(wen)(wen)物(wu):一頭(tou)(tou)(tou)裝(zhuang)著(zhu)玉帝的頭(tou)(tou)(tou)像,一頭(tou)(tou)(tou)挑(tiao)著(zhu)從神像中掏出的上(shang)百卷(juan)經書和(he)五冊明代皇歷(li),悄悄下(xia)(xia)了(le)山(shan)(shan)。
據馬啟(qi)和(he)、張(zhang)仕(shi)昌兩人(ren)回(hui)憶,在這次劫難中,秀山(shan)上凡屬(shu)銅鐵文(wen)物,無一幸(xing)免(mian),就(jiu)連縣文(wen)化館(即萬壽宮,秀山(shan)古建筑之一)館藏(zang)文(wen)物大刀、小鋼炮也被工作隊“順手牽羊(yang)”地(di)收走了。
1959年,趕上建國十年大慶。秀(xiu)山上無神佛可拜,群(qun)眾意見很大,因此,這年5月,張仕昌接(jie)到了(le)一(yi)個任務,“恢復”涌(yong)金(jin)寺的(de)(de)佛像(xiang)。他(ta)想了(le)一(yi)個簡便(bian)的(de)(de)辦法,請了(le)三輛馬車到今九街鎮劉合營村的(de)(de)一(yi)座寺院(yuan)中“借”了(le)三尊泥佛,安裝在涌(yong)金(jin)寺的(de)(de)大雄寶殿內。他(ta)說,可笑的(de)(de)是(shi),泥佛一(yi)米六左(zuo)右,可是(shi)之前銅佛高三米多(duo),怎么看都(dou)不相襯。
張(zhang)仕昌(chang)感嘆(tan)說,從信佛的大理國開國國君段(duan)思平(ping)在秀山(shan)鑄銅(tong)像百余尊至1958年已(yi)有(you)(you)近千年歷史,1958年之后,秀山(shan)不再有(you)(you)銅(tong)像,也不會再有(you)(you)莊嚴(yan)宏偉的三大銅(tong)佛。
第(di)二劫:1966年(nian)——“掃四舊”——紅(hong)色風(feng)暴席卷秀(xiu)山古建筑的“靈魂”深處。
由于“掃四舊(jiu)”運(yun)動聲勢浩大,很多關(guan)注秀山(shan)古建筑群命(ming)運(yun)的(de)通(tong)海(hai)人已經預感(gan)到,秀山(shan)即將成(cheng)為革命(ming)的(de)對象(xiang)。果然,“掃四舊(jiu)”運(yun)動在通(tong)海(hai)縣剛剛興起,紅衛兵就成(cheng)立了戰斗隊,“戰斗”目標(biao)就是“封、資、修”的(de)堡壘——秀山(shan)。
張仕昌(chang)說(shuo),紅衛兵要“掃蕩”秀山的消息(xi)是(shi)從戰斗隊(dui)(dui)里(li)一個(ge)(ge)還有(you)點良知的領隊(dui)(dui)口中傳出來的,那個(ge)(ge)領隊(dui)(dui)要他(ta)(ta)帶(dai)幾個(ge)(ge)人(ren)上(shang)(shang)秀山把最(zui)珍(zhen)貴(gui)、最(zui)有(you)價(jia)值的碑(bei)刻留(liu)(liu)下記(ji)號(hao),以免(mian)(mian)遭(zao)到損壞。得(de)知這個(ge)(ge)消息(xi)后,他(ta)(ta)帶(dai)上(shang)(shang)當地有(you)名的文(wen)化人(ren)許秋(qiu)山上(shang)(shang)山,為30多塊最(zui)為珍(zhen)貴(gui)的碑(bei)刻留(liu)(liu)下了記(ji)號(hao),之前(qian),他(ta)(ta)和文(wen)化館的同事(shi)已經為普光(guang)(guang)寺內元代《宣光(guang)(guang)智照(zhao)蘭若碑(bei)》用土基墻圍了起來,最(zui)終,這塊碑(bei)記(ji)幸免(mian)(mian)于難,從而留(liu)(liu)下了一份有(you)關(guan)元代滇南經濟社會最(zui)有(you)價(jia)值的史料。
“掃四舊”運動(dong)開始,張仕昌眼睜(zheng)睜(zheng)的看著戰斗隊大(da)隊人(ren)馬扛(kang)著撬桿、鋤頭(tou)、鐵鎬浩浩蕩蕩向秀山(shan)(shan)開拔,然后在(zai)秀山(shan)(shan)上砸匾聯,敲神像(泥塑的)、毀(hui)碑(bei)刻,上百人(ren)在(zai)秀山(shan)(shan)上大(da)干(gan)了一(yi)個(ge)周左右才下山(shan)(shan)。后來(lai)張仕昌發現,有一(yi)些已(yi)(yi)經(jing)留了記號的碑(bei)刻仍然不能幸免,并且(qie)碑(bei)上的每一(yi)個(ge)字都用鏨子(zi)鑿過,已(yi)(yi)經(jing)無法辨認(ren)原(yuan)貌。
說(shuo)起(qi)“掃四舊”對秀(xiu)山的破壞,馬啟(qi)和說(shuo),秀(xiu)山寺院里沒(mei)(mei)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)神像,就像一個家(jia)只有(you)空(kong)空(kong)的房(fang)子,沒(mei)(mei)有(you)人住;沒(mei)(mei)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)匾(bian)聯(lian),一座(zuo)秀(xiu)山就沒(mei)(mei)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)靈魂。可惜(xi)的是(shi)那(nei)些精(jing)美的匾(bian)聯(lian)、神像、碑刻(ke)都被(bei)損壞了(le)(le)(le)。
第(di)三(san)劫:1970年——“通海大地震(zhen)”——部分古建筑難逃厄運(yun),毀于一(yi)旦;部分古建筑劫后奇(qi)跡(ji)般絲(si)毫(hao)未損。
1970年1月5日1時(shi)0分(fen)37秒,一場里氏7.7級的特大(da)地震(zhen)(zhen)猝然襲(xi)擊滇中(zhong)地區,震(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)位于通海(hai)縣高大(da)鄉五星村。大(da)地震(zhen)(zhen)在通海(hai)全(quan)境肆虐(nve)的同時(shi),也給秀(xiu)山(shan)古建(jian)筑群造成了巨大(da)的災難。
張仕昌是(shi)(shi)在大(da)地震發生(sheng)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)第五天(tian)上(shang)秀山(shan)(shan)(shan)查看秀山(shan)(shan)(shan)災情的(de)(de)(de)(de)。他說,損壞最為嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)三元宮,秀山(shan)(shan)(shan)土主(zhu)廟、普光寺(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廂(xiang)房,這些建(jian)筑大(da)部(bu)分(fen)墻體(ti)都已(yi)倒塌,只剩幾根柱子和椽(chuan)子挑著幾塊瓦(wa)片。沿山(shan)(shan)(shan)路上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),他看到,萬(wan)壽宮的(de)(de)(de)(de)過道門發生(sheng)傾斜,玉皇閣門前的(de)(de)(de)(de)“玄真天(tian)上(shang)”坊已(yi)經倒塌,竺國寺(si)、涌金寺(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)殿已(yi)經開了天(tian)窗。而普光寺(si)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀音殿、涌金寺(si)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)秀山(shan)(shan)(shan)古柏(bo)閣兩處建(jian)筑卻安(an)然無(wu)恙。
馬啟和說,針對觀(guan)音殿、古(gu)柏閣大震不倒的現(xian)象,北(bei)京建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑專家專程趕來(lai)對兩處(chu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑進行了勘查(cha),結(jie)果發現(xian):觀(guan)音殿為元代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,墻體(ti)是(shi)篾籬笆(ba)墻,由竹片(pian)編成,再用草尖和上(shang)(shang)泥巴糊上(shang)(shang),因此具有(you)較強的抗震性;古(gu)柏閣采用榫(sun)鉚結(jie)構,不用一顆釘子,梁(liang)柱之(zhi)間、梁(liang)與梁(liang)之(zhi)間等多個部(bu)位都由多級斗拱支撐,顯示了通海古(gu)代(dai)工匠的精(jing)湛技(ji)(ji)藝(yi)。1979年,秀(xiu)山(shan)部(bu)分古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的圖片(pian)還(huan)入選中(zhong)(zhong)國科學院(yuan)自然科學史研究(jiu)所編撰的《中(zhong)(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑技(ji)(ji)術史》一書。
張仕昌說,秀山古建筑群的(de)恢復工作是從1979年開始的(de),通海幾個建筑隊不間斷地(di)在秀山施(shi)工,上世紀90年代末才(cai)全部(bu)撤走。
秀(xiu)山的(de)(de)三次劫(jie)難是(shi)(shi)在(zai)解(jie)放后20年的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)里發生的(de)(de),巧合的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),恢復工作也(ye)用了近20年的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)。同等的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian),現代人(ren)能否把秀(xiu)山古建(jian)筑群修舊如(ru)舊?是(shi)(shi)否部分(fen)恢復了原貌?這些問題只有(you)留給后人(ren)評說了。
保護秀山
秀山(shan)(shan)古建(jian)筑群的種(zhong)種(zhong)劫難(nan)是通海(hai)歷史(shi)文(wen)化的不幸,但(dan)種(zhong)種(zhong)劫難(nan)過(guo)程中又始終交織著(zhu)通海(hai)傳(chuan)統文(wen)化人(ren)(ren)對秀山(shan)(shan)的憐惜(xi)與關愛。通海(hai)民(min)間有一批文(wen)化人(ren)(ren),他們文(wen)憑(ping)不高,或沒有文(wen)憑(ping),但(dan)對傳(chuan)統文(wen)化研究得很(hen)深,特(te)別(bie)是對秀山(shan)(shan)的歷史(shi)文(wen)化。以下做一個簡單的介(jie)紹:
許秋山(shan)——年輕(qing)時就上秀(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)拓(tuo)印(yin)了許多碑(bei)、聯、匾內(nei)容,秀(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)恢(hui)復重建時,他把所存的匾聯資料全部貢獻了出來。
闞(kan)三(san)——一(yi)個傳說(shuo)中的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)物,秀(xiu)山的(de)(de)守山人(ren)(ren),一(yi)個“文盲(mang)”卻為保存(cun)秀(xiu)山的(de)(de)歷史文化(hua)立下了汗馬功勞。據說(shuo),現(xian)在還懸(xuan)掛在秀(xiu)山公園的(de)(de)古(gu)匾(bian)(bian)古(gu)聯(lian)都是他在“掃四舊”中冒著極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)風險收藏起來(lai)的(de)(de),包括(kuo)朱熹的(de)(de)“松(song)竹陋(lou)春”匾(bian)(bian)。而據一(yi)些知情人(ren)(ren)考證(zheng),傳說(shuo)中的(de)(de)闞(kan)三(san)就(jiu)是原縣文化(hua)館職(zhi)員闞(kan)華堂。
姚光恒——家(jia)中(zhong)收(shou)藏有乾隆年間的《秀(xiu)山(shan)匾聯備忘錄(lu)》手抄本,是記錄(lu)秀(xiu)山(shan)匾聯最早(zao)的一(yi)本書。1982年,老(lao)人把這本書貢獻出(chu)來。后來,秀(xiu)山(shan)恢(hui)復一(yi)些珍貴(gui)對聯,都(dou)是根據(ju)這本書的記載(zai)。
張仕昌——“文(wen)革(ge)”中,他冒著(zhu)風險用“興無(wu)滅資(zi)”的標語牌遮蓋了(le)(le)“秀甲南滇”匾,用一幅(fu)名為《大批判》的木刻畫遮住(zhu)了(le)(le)“毓秀坊”匾,從而保(bao)住(zhu)了(le)(le)這(zhe)兩塊匾額。