地理位置
秀山,位于云南玉溪通(tong)海縣城南隅,峰頂海拔2060米(mi),垂直高度近200米(mi),轄區面(mian)積(ji)7.6平方(fang)公里,游覽面(mian)積(ji)155萬平方(fang)米(mi),建筑面(mian)積(ji)5萬余(yu)平方(fang)米(mi)。 氣候、交通(tong)條件。
秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),屬中(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶半(ban)濕潤高原(yuan)涼冬(dong)季風氣候,雨熱同(tong)季,四季如春。交(jiao)通(tong)極其便利,東漢(han)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)25—56年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)),通(tong)海(hai)的(de)人(ren)行道(dao)路西可(ke)(ke)達于(yu)(yu)(yu)玉溪、晉城(cheng)、昆明(ming)(ming)方向,東可(ke)(ke)抵于(yu)(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)水等(deng)(deng)地(di),自古(gu)(gu)(gu)就是(shi)交(jiao)通(tong)的(de)樞紐。現(xian)在,4車道(dao)的(de)高等(deng)(deng)級公(gong)(gong)路橫貫(guan)通(tong)海(hai),西接(jie)玉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高速公(gong)(gong)路、東連通(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(通(tong)海(hai)至建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)水)高速公(gong)(gong)路,由(you)縣城(cheng)至秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景(jing)區也可(ke)(ke)乘坐(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)型旅(lv)游(you)客車,行2公(gong)(gong)里就可(ke)(ke)到達。歷史沿革 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),始(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)西漢(han)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前116年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))時(shi)名(ming)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),唐(tang)謂秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),宋名(ming)普光山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)玉隱山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),清(qing)代(dai)又恢復(fu)了(le)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之名(ming),民國二(er)十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))始(shi)名(ming)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。漢(han)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),漢(han)武(wu)帝(di)封莊蹺(qiao)的(de)后裔毋波(bo)為(wei)(wei)田(tian)勾(gou)町(ding)王(wang),始(shi)在秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)辟園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)(gu)(gu)剎。歷唐(tang)、宋、元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)五個(ge)朝代(dai),今尚(shang)存田(tian)勾(gou)町(ding)王(wang)廟、三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)、普光寺(si)(si)、玉皇閣(ge)、清(qing)涼臺(tai)、涌金(jin)(jin)寺(si)(si)、白龍寺(si)(si)七(qi)大(da)(da)(da)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)體。 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),自西漢(han)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)新(xin)中(zhong)國成立(li)已(yi)經歷了(le)兩千(qian)(qian)余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)滄桑,歷史悠久,多(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)積(ji)淀豐(feng)厚(hou)。據(ju)《大(da)(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)一(yi)統志》載,秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)云南四大(da)(da)(da)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之一(yi),與昆明(ming)(ming)金(jin)(jin)馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、碧(bi)雞(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)(da)(da)理(li)點(dian)蒼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)齊名(ming)。明(ming)(ming)代(dai)地(di)理(li)學家(jia)(jia)徐霞(xia)客游(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)時(shi)留(liu)下了(le)贊美秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)詩名(ming),清(qing)康熙時(shi),云南按察使許(xu)弘勛(xun)在《通(tong)海(hai)邑去序(xu)》中(zhong)稱(cheng)譽秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)甲南滇”。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)國后1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)滇南的(de)游(you)覽(lan)勝地(di),由(you)通(tong)海(hai)縣秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮代(dai)管(guan),1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月至今隸屬通(tong)海(hai)縣人(ren)民政府文(wen)化(hua)旅(lv)游(you)局下屬的(de)一(yi)個(ge)單位(wei)。登秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),近觀(guan)翠林(lin)芳草,聆聽清(qing)泉(quan)幽韻,遠眺南山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北湖峙對,萬(wan)壑千(qian)(qian)峰笏(hu)立(li),云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)煙霞(xia)嵐繞,真乃仙韻無窮。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)致,古(gu)(gu)(gu)色古(gu)(gu)(gu)香(xiang)。不(bu)但有(you)道(dao)家(jia)(jia)(三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)、顥穹宮(gong)(gong)(gong))、佛家(jia)(jia)(清(qing)涼臺(tai)、涌金(jin)(jin)寺(si)(si)等(deng)(deng))、儒家(jia)(jia)(海(hai)月樓、酌花(hua)樓等(deng)(deng))的(de)和諧融洽,更有(you)各朝代(dai)風格獨異的(de)樓臺(tai)亭閣(ge)掩(yan)映(ying)其間(jian)。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)已(yi)列為(wei)(wei)云南省(sheng)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位(wei),國家(jia)(jia)AAA級旅(lv)游(you)區。它在明(ming)(ming)朝時(shi)曾與昆明(ming)(ming)金(jin)(jin)馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、碧(bi)雞(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),大(da)(da)(da)理(li)的(de)蒼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)共稱(cheng)云南四大(da)(da)(da)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),素有(you)“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)甲南滇”的(de)美譽。漢(han)代(dai)在此辟山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)(gu)(gu)剎,立(li)亭園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)進為(wei)(wei)佛教勝地(di),民國時(shi)期置為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。經千(qian)(qian)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來的(de)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)繕(shan),逐步(bu)成為(wei)(wei)名(ming)聞遐邇的(de)游(you)覽(lan)勝地(di);1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月被列為(wei)(wei)云南省(sheng)第三批省(sheng)級重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu) 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)通(tong)海(hai)縣城(cheng)南,與城(cheng)相連。出城(cheng)步(bu)行數百(bai)步(bu)即可(ke)(ke)登山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)禪院(yuan)森(sen)森(sen),曲徑通(tong)幽。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong) 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經歷代(dai)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),構成了(le)三元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)、普光寺(si)(si)、玉皇閣(ge)、清(qing)涼臺(tai)、萬(wan)壽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)、斗天閣(ge)、涌金(jin)(jin)寺(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)。
景點
普光寺現存殿宇(yu)建于(yu)元代(dai),正殿屋架為斗拱式(shi)結構,呈典型蒙古建筑形式(shi)。寺內(nei)有元代(dai) 為紀念神僧李畔富所(suo)建佛塔2座,古樸莊重。 東院內(nei)就山巖鑿(zao)有洗缽池(chi),池(chi)上方巖縫(feng)中(zhong)泉(quan)水 浸冒(mao)而出,滴注于(yu)池(chi)中(zhong),叮咚(dong)不息。
清涼(liang)臺原(yuan)名(ming)清涼(liang)寺(si)(si),元(yuan)時高(gao)僧鐵牛禪師所建,經歷(li)代(dai)增修,具現在規(gui)模。由魯賢(xian)祠、桂(gui)香殿、海(hai)云樓、藥王殿、蓬萊閣、武侯祠等(deng)(deng)連成一個四(si)院(yuan)三(san)(san)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建筑整體(ti)。寺(si)(si)院(yuan)地勢高(gao)峻,四(si)圍(wei)綠(lv)樹掩(yan)映,背(bei)山(shan)(shan)面(mian)湖,涼(liang)風不斷。的(de)(de)(de)確(que)是(shi)(shi)一個無(wu)暑的(de)(de)(de)清涼(liang)世界。 涌金(jin)寺(si)(si)俗(su)稱(cheng)(cheng)大頂(ding)寺(si)(si),是(shi)(shi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)位置(zhi)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)建筑,因山(shan)(shan)勢如“地涌金(jin)蓮”而得名(ming)。占地面(mian)積6000多平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。寺(si)(si)分(fen)三(san)(san)進,殿宇宏偉,寺(si)(si)門(men)雄(xiong)(xiong)踞(ju)于(yu)半圓形石(shi)階之上,“涌金(jin)寺(si)(si)”3個貼(tie)金(jin)大字雄(xiong)(xiong)渾莊重。正中(zhong)為(wei)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)古柏閣,此閣全部(bu)木(mu)結構(gou),奇巧無(wu)比。大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿塑三(san)(san)世佛像,慈 顏善目,體(ti)態勻稱(cheng)(cheng)。殿前“白馬”、“黃龍(long)”、 “法海(hai)圓明”3座(zuo)坊立于(yu)東(dong)(dong)、西、北(bei)(bei)三(san)(san)方(fang)(fang)。大院(yuan)中(zhong)翠(cui)(cui)柏蒼勁,茶花(hua)(hua)(hua)吐艷(yan),元(yuan)杉噴(pen)香。宋柏、元(yuan) 杉、明玉(yu)蘭(lan)被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)三(san)(san)絕”。涌金(jin)寺(si)(si)左廂(xiang)是(shi)(shi)一套院(yuan),門(men)上有一別致的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)匾,上書“這(zhe)里(li)來”,進門(men)更是(shi)(shi)清靜的(de)(de)(de)一院(yuan),東(dong)(dong)為(wei)曇花(hua)(hua)(hua)軒,西有酌花(hua)(hua)(hua)樓,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)另為(wei)一小(xiao)院(yuan),可謂院(yuan)中(zhong)之院(yuan)。“這(zhe)里(li)來”院(yuan)內有明玉(yu)蘭(lan)、牡丹、芍藥等(deng)(deng)名(ming)花(hua)(hua)(hua)奇草(cao),進門(men)就(jiu)讓人感到滿(man)院(yuan)芬芳。” 白龍(long)寺(si)(si)坐落在秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)南面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)茂林(lin)之中(zhong),是(shi)(shi)后山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)唯一建筑,寺(si)(si)院(yuan)古樸典雅,與周圍(wei)環境十分(fen)協調(diao)。近年來擴建了部(bu)分(fen)亭閣游(you)廊及服(fu)務設 施,引水(shui)上山(shan)(shan),鑿(zao)池培(pei)植荷花(hua)(hua)(hua)及各(ge)種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉草(cao)木(mu),成為(wei)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)公園(yuan)又(you)一新的(de)(de)(de)游(you)覽(lan)點(dian)。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)之秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在于(yu)綠(lv),茂密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)林(lin)木(mu)把整座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)掩(yan)蓋得嚴嚴實(shi)實(shi)。山(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)麓翠(cui)(cui)竹萬桿,青翠(cui)(cui)欲滴;山(shan)(shan)西密(mi)林(lin)間灌木(mu)叢生,野花(hua)(hua)(hua)點(dian)點(dian);山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)面(mian)奇松(song)參天,杉栗(li)蔥翠(cui)(cui);山(shan)(shan)南松(song)林(lin)似海(hai),濤(tao)聲(sheng)如吼。種(zhong)類繁多的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草(cao)樹木(mu),一年四(si)季爭奇斗艷(yan),各(ge)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)中(zhong)也是(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)扶疏(shu),松(song)柏森森,綠(lv)杉撐天。 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)不僅有山(shan)(shan)川之秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)麗,更有歷(li)代(dai)墨客騷(sao)人、 學(xue)者名(ming)宦之吟詠,使(shi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)成了“匾山(shan)(shan)聯海(hai)”和碑(bei)(bei)(bei)林(lin)。至(zhi)今保留在秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)匾聯碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻有200余副(塊),這(zhe)些匾聯碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻,洋溢著詩情畫意,書法均屬上乘(cheng)之作(zuo),使(shi)詩、書、畫、景和精美的(de)(de)(de)建筑珠聯璧合(he)。
歷史記載
查證(zheng)通海地方史(shi)(shi)志和(he)秀(xiu)山(shan)殘(can)存(cun)的(de)碑刻,可(ke)以發現,上世紀50年代之(zhi)前,秀(xiu)山(shan)某處寺院、樓閣毀于火災(zai),或在小規模(mo)地方武裝沖突之(zhi)中(zhong)遭到局部損毀之(zhi)類的(de)事件,我們可(ke)以找到一(yi)些零星的(de)記載。但是(shi),1949年之(zhi)后的(de)20年時(shi)間里,諸(zhu)如(ru)“大戰鋼鐵(tie)銅”、“掃四舊”、“通海大地震”等天(tian)災(zai)人(ren)禍對秀(xiu)山(shan)的(de)滌蕩,在相關史(shi)(shi)志和(he)碑刻中(zhong)卻聞(wen)所未聞(wen)。發生在上世紀中(zhong)期的(de)秀(xiu)山(shan)三次(ci)劫難已成歷(li)史(shi)(shi),對于這段歷(li)史(shi)(shi),現代人(ren)是(shi)開始(shi)反(fan)思呢,還是(shi)頭腦一(yi)片空白?
第(di)一劫:1958年(nian)(nian)——“大戰鋼鐵銅(tong)”——熔爐、繩索、錘(chui)鑿毀棄秀(xiu)山千(qian)年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)佛史(shi)。
張汝潤曾經是秀(xiu)山(shan)腳下通海(hai)一中的學(xue)生,后(hou)來又成(cheng)了(le)這個(ge)學(xue)校(xiao)的老師(shi)。他回憶說,1958年,因為學(xue)校(xiao)緊(jin)挨著秀(xiu)山(shan),他曾聽老百姓(xing)傳言:秀(xiu)山(shan)上(shang)的銅像都被(bei)人敲掉了(le),在銅像內還(huan)取出了(le)不(bu)少(shao)經書;山(shan)上(shang)涌金寺(si)那口大(da)鐘,鐘聲能越過杞(qi)麓(lu)湖,江(jiang)川雄關的百姓(xing)都能聽到,也被(bei)人破壞(huai)了(le)。
1958年“大戰(zhan)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)銅”時(shi),原通海縣委宣傳部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)長馬(ma)啟和(he)在(zai)縣政(zheng)府文教科工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),他回憶說(shuo),“大戰(zhan)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)銅”時(shi),縣委工(gong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)“工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)”對象(xiang)是山上的(de)(de)大小銅像(xiang),在(zai)秀(xiu)山,每個寺院都(dou)有神像(xiang),每個寺院的(de)(de)正神都(dou)是銅鑄的(de)(de),并且如涌金寺的(de)(de)三(san)大佛(fo)像(xiang)、玉(yu)(yu)皇閣的(de)(de)玉(yu)(yu)皇大帝像(xiang)都(dou)有幾(ji)噸重。
在得知工(gong)(gong)業(ye)部的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)隊上山砸(za)銅像的(de)消息(xi)后,馬(ma)啟和馬(ma)上向(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)省文(wen)教廳反(fan)映了縣里的(de)情況(kuang),很快(kuai)收到(dao)了省里的(de)傳真文(wen)件(jian):全省都(dou)出(chu)現了這種情況(kuang),要認真保(bao)護。他拿(na)著(zhu)這個文(wen)件(jian)上秀山時(shi)(shi),工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)隊已(yi)經從涌金寺一路“工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)”下來(lai),正在玉皇閣里砸(za)玉皇大帝的(de)銅像,銅像太重,計劃分成三(san)段處理(li)。他向(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)隊出(chu)示了省里的(de)文(wen)件(jian),可是人家不(bu)聽(ting),還搬出(chu)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)最時(shi)(shi)髦、最革命的(de)話“鋼鐵升(sheng)帳,誰也不(bu)能阻擋”做擋箭牌,把他的(de)文(wen)件(jian)擋了回去(qu)。
張仕(shi)昌(chang)是(shi)秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腳下原通(tong)海(hai)縣文(wen)化館職員,曾經(jing)是(shi)秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)公園的(de)管理(li)者之一(yi)。他在(zai)親(qin)眼(yan)看到有人挎著(zhu)繩索(suo)、扛著(zhu)鐵錘上(shang)秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)砸銅像的(de)情(qing)形后(hou),偷偷地向省文(wen)教廳打電(dian)話,匯(hui)報了情(qing)況(kuang),最(zui)終也無濟(ji)于事(shi)(shi)。無奈之下,他與同事(shi)(shi)闞華(hua)堂一(yi)起冒著(zhu)風險(xian)從山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)撿了一(yi)挑文(wen)物(wu):一(yi)頭(tou)裝(zhuang)著(zhu)玉帝的(de)頭(tou)像,一(yi)頭(tou)挑著(zhu)從神像中掏出的(de)上(shang)百卷經(jing)書和五冊(ce)明代皇歷,悄悄下了山(shan)(shan)(shan)。
據馬啟和(he)、張仕昌兩人回(hui)憶,在這次劫難中,秀山上凡屬銅鐵(tie)文物,無一幸免,就連縣文化館(guan)(即萬壽宮,秀山古建筑之一)館(guan)藏文物大刀、小鋼炮也被工作隊(dui)“順手牽羊”地收(shou)走了。
1959年,趕(gan)上(shang)建(jian)國十(shi)年大(da)慶。秀山上(shang)無神佛(fo)可拜(bai),群(qun)眾意見(jian)很大(da),因此,這年5月(yue),張仕昌接到了(le)(le)一個任務,“恢復”涌(yong)金寺(si)的(de)佛(fo)像。他想(xiang)了(le)(le)一個簡便(bian)的(de)辦(ban)法,請(qing)了(le)(le)三(san)輛馬車到今九街(jie)鎮劉合營村(cun)的(de)一座寺(si)院中“借(jie)”了(le)(le)三(san)尊泥佛(fo),安裝在涌(yong)金寺(si)的(de)大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿內。他說,可笑的(de)是,泥佛(fo)一米六左右,可是之前銅佛(fo)高三(san)米多,怎么看都不相(xiang)襯。
張仕昌(chang)感(gan)嘆說(shuo),從(cong)信佛(fo)的大理國開國國君段思平在秀(xiu)山鑄銅(tong)像百余尊至1958年已有近千年歷史,1958年之后,秀(xiu)山不再(zai)有銅(tong)像,也不會再(zai)有莊嚴宏(hong)偉的三大銅(tong)佛(fo)。
第二劫:1966年——“掃四舊”——紅(hong)色風暴席卷秀山古(gu)建筑的“靈魂”深(shen)處。
由于(yu)“掃四舊”運(yun)動聲(sheng)勢浩大,很多關注秀山(shan)古建筑群命運(yun)的通(tong)海人(ren)已經預感到,秀山(shan)即將成(cheng)為革命的對象。果(guo)然,“掃四舊”運(yun)動在通(tong)海縣剛剛興起,紅衛兵就(jiu)成(cheng)立了戰斗隊,“戰斗”目標就(jiu)是“封、資(zi)、修”的堡壘——秀山(shan)。
張(zhang)仕昌(chang)說,紅衛兵要“掃蕩”秀(xiu)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消息是從戰(zhan)斗隊(dui)里一個(ge)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)點良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)領隊(dui)口中(zhong)傳出來的(de)(de)(de)(de),那(nei)個(ge)領隊(dui)要他(ta)帶幾個(ge)人上秀(xiu)山(shan)把(ba)最珍(zhen)貴、最有(you)(you)(you)(you)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)刻留(liu)下記號,以免(mian)遭到損(sun)壞。得知(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)個(ge)消息后(hou),他(ta)帶上當(dang)地有(you)(you)(you)(you)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化人許秋山(shan)上山(shan),為(wei)30多塊(kuai)最為(wei)珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)刻留(liu)下了記號,之前,他(ta)和文化館的(de)(de)(de)(de)同事已經(jing)為(wei)普光寺內元代《宣光智照蘭若碑(bei)》用土基墻圍(wei)了起來,最終,這(zhe)塊(kuai)碑(bei)記幸免(mian)于難,從而留(liu)下了一份有(you)(you)(you)(you)關元代滇南經(jing)濟(ji)社會最有(you)(you)(you)(you)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)史料。
“掃(sao)四舊”運(yun)動(dong)開始,張仕(shi)昌(chang)眼睜睜的(de)看著戰斗(dou)隊大隊人(ren)馬扛(kang)著撬桿、鋤頭、鐵鎬浩浩蕩蕩向秀(xiu)山開拔,然(ran)后在秀(xiu)山上(shang)砸匾(bian)聯,敲神像(泥塑的(de))、毀碑刻,上(shang)百人(ren)在秀(xiu)山上(shang)大干了一個周左右(you)才下山。后來張仕(shi)昌(chang)發現(xian),有(you)一些(xie)已經(jing)留了記(ji)號的(de)碑刻仍然(ran)不(bu)能幸免,并且(qie)碑上(shang)的(de)每一個字都用(yong)鏨(zan)子鑿過,已經(jing)無法辨認原貌(mao)。
說起“掃四舊”對秀(xiu)山(shan)的破(po)壞,馬啟和說,秀(xiu)山(shan)寺(si)院(yuan)里(li)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有了(le)(le)(le)神像(xiang)(xiang),就像(xiang)(xiang)一個家只有空(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)的房子,沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有人住;沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有了(le)(le)(le)匾(bian)聯,一座(zuo)秀(xiu)山(shan)就沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有了(le)(le)(le)靈魂。可惜(xi)的是那些精(jing)美的匾(bian)聯、神像(xiang)(xiang)、碑刻都被損壞了(le)(le)(le)。
第三劫(jie):1970年——“通海大地震”——部(bu)分古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)難逃厄(e)運,毀于一(yi)旦;部(bu)分古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)劫(jie)后奇跡般絲毫未損。
1970年1月5日1時0分37秒,一場里氏7.7級(ji)的特大(da)(da)地(di)震(zhen)猝然襲擊(ji)滇中地(di)區,震(zhen)中位(wei)于通海縣高大(da)(da)鄉五星村。大(da)(da)地(di)震(zhen)在通海全境肆虐(nve)的同(tong)時,也給秀山古(gu)建筑群(qun)造(zao)成了巨(ju)大(da)(da)的災(zai)難。
張仕昌是(shi)在大(da)地震發生(sheng)后的(de)(de)第五天上(shang)秀(xiu)山查看秀(xiu)山災情的(de)(de)。他說,損壞最為(wei)嚴重的(de)(de)是(shi)三元宮(gong),秀(xiu)山土主廟、普(pu)光寺(si)的(de)(de)廂房,這些建(jian)筑大(da)部分墻體都已倒(dao)塌,只剩幾根柱子(zi)和椽子(zi)挑著(zhu)幾塊瓦片(pian)。沿(yan)山路上(shang)山,他看到,萬(wan)壽宮(gong)的(de)(de)過(guo)道(dao)門發生(sheng)傾斜,玉皇閣(ge)門前的(de)(de)“玄真天上(shang)”坊已經(jing)倒(dao)塌,竺國寺(si)、涌金(jin)寺(si)的(de)(de)大(da)殿已經(jing)開了(le)天窗。而普(pu)光寺(si)內的(de)(de)觀音(yin)殿、涌金(jin)寺(si)內的(de)(de)秀(xiu)山古柏閣(ge)兩處(chu)建(jian)筑卻安然無(wu)恙。
馬啟(qi)和(he)說(shuo),針對觀音殿、古柏(bo)閣(ge)(ge)大震不倒的現象,北(bei)京建(jian)筑(zhu)專家專程(cheng)趕來對兩(liang)處建(jian)筑(zhu)進行了勘查,結果(guo)發現:觀音殿為元代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu),墻體(ti)是(shi)篾籬笆墻,由(you)竹片(pian)編(bian)(bian)成(cheng),再用草尖(jian)和(he)上泥巴糊(hu)上,因(yin)此具有較(jiao)強(qiang)的抗震性;古柏(bo)閣(ge)(ge)采用榫鉚(liu)結構,不用一顆釘(ding)子,梁(liang)(liang)柱之間、梁(liang)(liang)與(yu)梁(liang)(liang)之間等多(duo)個部位都(dou)由(you)多(duo)級斗拱支撐(cheng),顯示(shi)了通海古代(dai)工(gong)匠(jiang)的精湛技(ji)藝(yi)。1979年(nian),秀山(shan)部分古建(jian)筑(zhu)的圖片(pian)還入選中國科學(xue)院自然(ran)科學(xue)史研(yan)究所編(bian)(bian)撰的《中國建(jian)筑(zhu)技(ji)術(shu)史》一書。
張(zhang)仕昌說,秀山古建筑(zhu)群的(de)恢復工作是(shi)從1979年開(kai)始(shi)的(de),通(tong)海幾個建筑(zhu)隊不間斷地在秀山施工,上(shang)世紀(ji)90年代末才全部撤走。
秀山的(de)(de)三次劫(jie)難(nan)是在解放后20年的(de)(de)時間(jian)里發(fa)生的(de)(de),巧合的(de)(de)是,恢復(fu)工作也(ye)用了近20年的(de)(de)時間(jian)。同等的(de)(de)時間(jian),現代人能否把秀山古建筑群修舊如舊?是否部分恢復(fu)了原貌?這些問題只有留給(gei)后人評說(shuo)了。
保護秀山
秀(xiu)山古(gu)建筑群(qun)的(de)種(zhong)種(zhong)劫難是(shi)通(tong)海(hai)歷(li)史文(wen)化的(de)不(bu)幸,但種(zhong)種(zhong)劫難過(guo)程中又始終交(jiao)織著通(tong)海(hai)傳統(tong)文(wen)化人對秀(xiu)山的(de)憐惜與關愛。通(tong)海(hai)民間有一批文(wen)化人,他們文(wen)憑(ping)不(bu)高(gao),或沒有文(wen)憑(ping),但對傳統(tong)文(wen)化研究得很深,特別是(shi)對秀(xiu)山的(de)歷(li)史文(wen)化。以下做一個簡單的(de)介(jie)紹:
許秋山(shan)——年輕時(shi)就上秀山(shan)拓印了許多碑(bei)、聯(lian)、匾內容,秀山(shan)恢復重(zhong)建(jian)時(shi),他(ta)把所存的匾聯(lian)資料全部貢獻了出來(lai)。
闞三——一個傳說中(zhong)的(de)(de)人物(wu),秀山的(de)(de)守山人,一個“文(wen)盲”卻為保存(cun)秀山的(de)(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)化立下了汗馬(ma)功勞(lao)。據說,現在還懸(xuan)掛在秀山公園(yuan)的(de)(de)古匾(bian)古聯都(dou)是他(ta)在“掃四舊”中(zhong)冒著(zhu)極大的(de)(de)風險收藏起來的(de)(de),包括(kuo)朱熹的(de)(de)“松竹陋春”匾(bian)。而(er)據一些(xie)知情(qing)人考證,傳說中(zhong)的(de)(de)闞三就是原縣(xian)文(wen)化館職員闞華(hua)堂。
姚光恒——家(jia)中(zhong)收藏有(you)乾隆年(nian)間(jian)的《秀山匾聯備(bei)忘錄(lu)》手抄本(ben),是(shi)記錄(lu)秀山匾聯最早的一本(ben)書(shu)(shu)。1982年(nian),老(lao)人把這本(ben)書(shu)(shu)貢獻(xian)出來。后來,秀山恢復一些珍貴對聯,都是(shi)根據這本(ben)書(shu)(shu)的記載。
張仕昌——“文革”中,他冒著風險用“興(xing)無滅資”的(de)標語牌遮蓋了(le)“秀(xiu)甲南滇”匾(bian),用一幅名為《大批判》的(de)木刻(ke)畫遮住了(le)“毓秀(xiu)坊”匾(bian),從而保(bao)住了(le)這兩塊(kuai)匾(bian)額。