介紹
灞陵橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),原(yuan)名八(ba)里橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),在(zai)許昌市城西4公里的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)泥河(he)上(shang)(shang),相(xiang)傳(chuan)為三(san)國名將(jiang)關羽辭曹(cao)(cao)(cao)挑(tiao)袍(pao)處(chu)(chu),灞陵橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)從此(ci)名揚。原(yuan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)高于水面(mian)(mian)3米(mi)余,為三(san)孔青(qing)(qing)石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)寬能并行兩車(che),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)長90米(mi),兩岸楊柳成(cheng)行,風景宜人,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)旁(pang)有《漢(han)關帝挑(tiao)袍(pao)處(chu)(chu)》石(shi)碑(bei)(bei),為明(ming)末將(jiang)領左良玉(yu)所立。另一(yi)通(tong)碑(bei)(bei)為辭曹(cao)(cao)(cao)書(shu),保(bao)存完好,清(qing)(qing)(qing)代(dai)康(kang)熙、雍正、乾隆年間(jian),又豎了(le)四(si)通(tong)碑(bei)(bei),文字(zi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)晰,碑(bei)(bei)文論述關羽對曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操辭其金而挑(tiao)其袍(pao)的(de)過程,歌(ge)頌他(ta)“依曹(cao)(cao)(cao)已久仍歸漢(han),留(liu)得英(ying)風在(zai)潁(ying)州”。說他(ta)視高官厚祿若糞土,褒他(ta)“情深義重垂千秋,士民爭拜(bai)漢(han)云長”。清(qing)(qing)(qing)道光年間(jian)傅梓之《許州記》載甄汝舟懷(huai)古詩(shi)句,云:“野水四(si)堤浸(jin)柳條(tiao),道邊(bian)殘碣記前朝。長髯(ran)勒馬(ma)橫刀處(chu)(chu),萬古英(ying)風八(ba)里橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。”此(ci)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)始建年代(dai)無考(kao),據1991年對原(yuan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)遺址(zhi)的(de)挖掘清(qing)(qing)(qing)理,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基為元代(dai)構件,上(shang)(shang)部(bu)為明(ming)、清(qing)(qing)(qing)建筑。原(yuan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)青(qing)(qing)石(shi)灰(hui)磚結構,三(san)孔,通(tong)長17米(mi),高2.88米(mi)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)(shang)遺留(liu)構件有石(shi)雕欄板、戲(xi)水龍(long)頭(tou)、望橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、石(shi)獅(shi)、石(shi)猴(hou)等,都(dou)存放在(zai)關帝廟內。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)北(bei)為明(ming)末總兵左良玉(yu)潑墨手書(shu)“漢(han)關帝挑(tiao)袍(pao)處(chu)(chu)”的(de)巨(ju)型石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)南是《關王辭曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操之圖》碑(bei)(bei)。
1990年(nian)重新(xin)修(xiu)建(jian)了這(zhe)座仿漢觀(guan)賞(shang)橋(qiao)。橋(qiao)長121米(mi)(mi)(mi),單拱(gong)雙柱,柱承(cheng)櫨斗,支頂拱(gong)體(ti)。青石欄板上浮雕仿漢畫像,內容(rong)有(you)歷史典故、神話傳說,大多(duo)是(shi)反映漢代(dai)農桑狩獵、民(min)俗天像等現(xian)實生活。質樸(pu)生動,令人(ren)退想。東(dong)閱臺的正中(zhong)入口處,立有(you)青石堆(dui)雕的“關(guan)公勒馬挺風(feng)”巨像,通高9米(mi)(mi)(mi),高大偉(wei)(wei)岸,給人(ren)以凌空立馬,虎視中(zhong)原(yuan)之勢(shi);西月臺南(nan)北對峙,高5.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)的青石子母煙(yan),代(dai)表著帝(di)王之儀。甘肅渭(wei)源(yuan)(yuan)縣城南(nan),渭(wei)河三大源(yuan)(yuan)頭之一(yi)的清(qing)源(yuan)(yuan)河上,有(you)一(yi)座氣勢(shi)恢(hui)宏的木質結構的廊(lang)橋(qiao)——霸陵(ling)(ling)橋(qiao)。紫紅色(se)的曲拱(gong)單孔橋(qiao),像一(yi)彩虹橫跨(kua)清(qing)源(yuan)(yuan)河上,為渭(wei)水第一(yi)橋(qiao)。霸陵(ling)(ling)橋(qiao)是(shi)明朝洪(hong)武元(yuan)年(nian)(公元(yuan)1368年(nian))建(jian)設的,經清(qing)代(dai)同治年(nian)間(jian)、1919年(nian)、1932年(nian)、1984年(nian)四次大的維修(xiu)。1918年(nian)的修(xiu)建(jian)由當清(qing)源(yuan)(yuan)鎮柯(ke)寨(zhai)村何(he)(he)遇江、何(he)(he)遇海(hai)兩兄弟參照蘭(lan)州雷(lei)河灘臥橋(qiao)式(shi)樣進(jin)(jin)行改進(jin)(jin),形成(cheng)如(ru)今純木懸(xuan)臂曲拱(gong)、單孔廊(lang)橋(qiao)。橋(qiao)身由單梁變(bian)成(cheng)疊梁,結構嚴密,氣勢(shi)雄偉(wei)(wei),霸陵(ling)(ling)橋(qiao)全(quan)長40米(mi)(mi)(mi),廊(lang)房15間(jian),跨(kua)度27米(mi)(mi)(mi),高15.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
霸(ba)(ba)陵為古縣名,在(zai)西(xi)安市(shi)東(dong)。漢文帝(di)9年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元171年(nian)(nian)(nian)),在(zai)其地筑霸(ba)(ba)陵,并命名為縣名。漢文帝(di)死后葬霸(ba)(ba)水(今霸(ba)(ba)河(he))旁(pang)。有一年(nian)(nian)(nian)渭河(he)水大(da),淹了霸(ba)(ba)陵,渭河(he)源(yuan)頭(tou)渭源(yuan)縣修(xiu)的橋(qiao)就(jiu)叫霸(ba)(ba)陵橋(qiao)。明朝大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)徐達(da)與元將(jiang)(jiang)李思(si)齊激戰于此(ci),元軍(jun)兵敗移至渭源(yuan)城(cheng),且折掉(diao)了渭河(he)橋(qiao)。正值(zhi)暴(bao)雨連天,河(he)水猛漲(zhang),無(wu)(wu)法過河(he),難以攻城(cheng)。徐達(da)聽從他人建議,在(zai)木(mu)籠(long)中(zhong)裝石(shi)投入河(he)床,壘成橋(qiao)墩,終于建橋(qiao)成功(gong)。元兵看(kan)見(jian)明軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)士修(xiu)好(hao)了橋(qiao),守城(cheng)無(wu)(wu)望,只好(hao)投降。徐達(da)揮筆提寫(xie)了“霸(ba)(ba)陵橋(qiao)”幾個(ge)大(da)字。數百年(nian)(nian)(nian)來,歷(li)代政要、文人墨客,無(wu)(wu)不稱贊此(ci)橋(qiao),左宗棠題寫(xie)“南(nan)谷源(yuan)長(chang)”、蔣介石(shi)提寫(xie)“綰轂(gu)秦(qin)隴(long)”、于右任“大(da)道之行”。楊(yang)虎城(cheng)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)題詞是(shi):“鳥(niao)鼠(shu)溯靈源(yuan),雪浪云(yun)濤,東(dong)行匯徑瀆(du)黃河(he),漢關(guan)紫氣(qi);隴(long)秦(qin)資利(li)涉,月環虹跨,西(xi)望是(shi)金城(cheng)楊(yang)柳,玉(yu)塞萄萄”。清代詩(shi)人楊(yang)景熙(xi)在(zai)“渭水東(dong)注”一詩(shi)中(zhong)贊美此(ci)橋(qiao)是(shi):“閑眺城(cheng)邊(bian)渭水流,長(chang)虹一道臥橋(qiao)頭(tou)”。