介紹
灞陵橋(qiao)(qiao),原(yuan)名八(ba)(ba)里(li)橋(qiao)(qiao),在(zai)(zai)許昌市城西4公里(li)的(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)泥河(he)上(shang),相傳為三(san)(san)國名將關(guan)羽(yu)辭曹(cao)挑(tiao)袍處,灞陵橋(qiao)(qiao)從此(ci)名揚。原(yuan)橋(qiao)(qiao)高(gao)于水面3米(mi)(mi)余,為三(san)(san)孔(kong)青(qing)(qing)石橋(qiao)(qiao)。橋(qiao)(qiao)面寬能并行(xing)兩(liang)車,橋(qiao)(qiao)長90米(mi)(mi),兩(liang)岸楊柳(liu)成行(xing),風景宜人,橋(qiao)(qiao)旁有(you)《漢關(guan)帝(di)挑(tiao)袍處》石碑(bei)(bei)(bei),為明(ming)末(mo)將領左(zuo)良玉(yu)所(suo)立。另(ling)一通(tong)(tong)(tong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)為辭曹(cao)書,保存(cun)完(wan)好,清(qing)(qing)(qing)代康熙、雍正、乾隆年(nian)間,又(you)豎了四通(tong)(tong)(tong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei),文(wen)字清(qing)(qing)(qing)晰,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)論述關(guan)羽(yu)對曹(cao)操辭其金而挑(tiao)其袍的(de)過(guo)程,歌頌他“依曹(cao)已久仍歸漢,留得英風在(zai)(zai)潁(ying)州”。說他視高(gao)官厚祿若(ruo)糞土,褒他“情深義重(zhong)垂(chui)千(qian)秋,士民爭拜漢云(yun)長”。清(qing)(qing)(qing)道光(guang)年(nian)間傅梓(zi)之《許州記(ji)》載(zai)甄汝舟懷古(gu)(gu)詩句,云(yun):“野水四堤浸柳(liu)條,道邊殘(can)碣記(ji)前朝(chao)。長髯勒(le)馬橫刀(dao)處,萬(wan)古(gu)(gu)英風八(ba)(ba)里(li)橋(qiao)(qiao)。”此(ci)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)始建年(nian)代無考(kao),據1991年(nian)對原(yuan)橋(qiao)(qiao)遺址的(de)挖掘清(qing)(qing)(qing)理,橋(qiao)(qiao)基(ji)為元代構(gou)件(jian),上(shang)部為明(ming)、清(qing)(qing)(qing)建筑。原(yuan)橋(qiao)(qiao)青(qing)(qing)石灰磚結構(gou),三(san)(san)孔(kong),通(tong)(tong)(tong)長17米(mi)(mi),高(gao)2.88米(mi)(mi)。橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)遺留構(gou)件(jian)有(you)石雕(diao)欄板、戲水龍頭、望橋(qiao)(qiao)、石獅(shi)、石猴等(deng),都存(cun)放在(zai)(zai)關(guan)帝(di)廟內(nei)。橋(qiao)(qiao)北(bei)為明(ming)末(mo)總兵左(zuo)良玉(yu)潑墨手(shou)書“漢關(guan)帝(di)挑(tiao)袍處”的(de)巨型(xing)石碑(bei)(bei)(bei)。橋(qiao)(qiao)南是《關(guan)王辭曹(cao)操之圖》碑(bei)(bei)(bei)。
1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)重新修(xiu)(xiu)建了這座仿漢觀(guan)賞橋(qiao)。橋(qiao)長(chang)121米(mi)(mi),單(dan)拱(gong)(gong)雙(shuang)柱(zhu),柱(zhu)承(cheng)櫨斗,支頂拱(gong)(gong)體(ti)。青(qing)石(shi)欄板(ban)上浮雕仿漢畫像(xiang)(xiang),內容有(you)歷(li)史典故、神(shen)話(hua)傳說(shuo),大多是(shi)反映漢代農桑狩獵、民俗天像(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)現實生活。質(zhi)樸生動,令人退想。東閱臺的(de)正中入口處,立有(you)青(qing)石(shi)堆雕的(de)“關公勒馬挺風”巨像(xiang)(xiang),通高9米(mi)(mi),高大偉(wei)岸,給(gei)人以凌空立馬,虎視中原之勢(shi);西月臺南北對峙,高5.2米(mi)(mi)的(de)青(qing)石(shi)子(zi)母煙,代表著帝王(wang)之儀。甘肅(su)渭(wei)(wei)源縣城(cheng)南,渭(wei)(wei)河(he)三大源頭之一(yi)(yi)的(de)清源河(he)上,有(you)一(yi)(yi)座氣(qi)勢(shi)恢宏的(de)木(mu)質(zhi)結(jie)構的(de)廊橋(qiao)——霸(ba)(ba)陵橋(qiao)。紫(zi)紅色(se)的(de)曲拱(gong)(gong)單(dan)孔(kong)橋(qiao),像(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)彩(cai)虹橫跨清源河(he)上,為渭(wei)(wei)水(shui)第一(yi)(yi)橋(qiao)。霸(ba)(ba)陵橋(qiao)是(shi)明朝洪武元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1368年(nian)(nian)(nian))建設的(de),經(jing)清代同治年(nian)(nian)(nian)間、1919年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)四次大的(de)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)。1918年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)建由當清源鎮柯寨(zhai)村何(he)遇江(jiang)、何(he)遇海兩(liang)兄弟參照蘭州雷河(he)灘臥(wo)橋(qiao)式(shi)樣進行(xing)改進,形成如今純木(mu)懸臂曲拱(gong)(gong)、單(dan)孔(kong)廊橋(qiao)。橋(qiao)身由單(dan)梁變成疊梁,結(jie)構嚴(yan)密,氣(qi)勢(shi)雄(xiong)偉(wei),霸(ba)(ba)陵橋(qiao)全長(chang)40米(mi)(mi),廊房(fang)15間,跨度27米(mi)(mi),高15.4米(mi)(mi),寬4.5米(mi)(mi)。
霸(ba)(ba)陵(ling)為古縣名(ming),在(zai)西(xi)安市東(dong)。漢文(wen)帝9年(公(gong)元(yuan)171年),在(zai)其地筑霸(ba)(ba)陵(ling),并命名(ming)為縣名(ming)。漢文(wen)帝死后葬霸(ba)(ba)水(shui)(今霸(ba)(ba)河(he)(he))旁。有一(yi)年渭(wei)河(he)(he)水(shui)大(da),淹(yan)了(le)(le)霸(ba)(ba)陵(ling),渭(wei)河(he)(he)源(yuan)頭(tou)渭(wei)源(yuan)縣修的橋(qiao)(qiao)就叫霸(ba)(ba)陵(ling)橋(qiao)(qiao)。明(ming)朝大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)徐(xu)達與元(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)李(li)思齊激戰于此(ci)(ci),元(yuan)軍兵敗移至渭(wei)源(yuan)城(cheng),且折掉了(le)(le)渭(wei)河(he)(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)。正值暴雨連(lian)天,河(he)(he)水(shui)猛漲,無法過河(he)(he),難以攻城(cheng)。徐(xu)達聽從他人(ren)建議,在(zai)木籠中(zhong)裝石(shi)投入河(he)(he)床(chuang),壘(lei)成橋(qiao)(qiao)墩,終于建橋(qiao)(qiao)成功。元(yuan)兵看見明(ming)軍將(jiang)(jiang)士(shi)修好了(le)(le)橋(qiao)(qiao),守城(cheng)無望(wang),只好投降。徐(xu)達揮(hui)筆提寫(xie)(xie)了(le)(le)“霸(ba)(ba)陵(ling)橋(qiao)(qiao)”幾個(ge)大(da)字。數百年來,歷代(dai)政(zheng)要、文(wen)人(ren)墨客,無不稱贊此(ci)(ci)橋(qiao)(qiao),左宗棠題寫(xie)(xie)“南谷源(yuan)長(chang)”、蔣介石(shi)提寫(xie)(xie)“綰轂秦隴(long)”、于右(you)任(ren)“大(da)道之行”。楊(yang)虎城(cheng)將(jiang)(jiang)軍題詞是(shi):“鳥鼠溯靈源(yuan),雪(xue)浪云濤(tao),東(dong)行匯(hui)徑瀆黃河(he)(he),漢關紫氣;隴(long)秦資利涉,月(yue)環虹(hong)跨,西(xi)望(wang)是(shi)金(jin)城(cheng)楊(yang)柳,玉塞(sai)萄萄”。清代(dai)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)楊(yang)景熙在(zai)“渭(wei)水(shui)東(dong)注(zhu)”一(yi)詩(shi)(shi)中(zhong)贊美此(ci)(ci)橋(qiao)(qiao)是(shi):“閑眺城(cheng)邊渭(wei)水(shui)流,長(chang)虹(hong)一(yi)道臥橋(qiao)(qiao)頭(tou)”。