介紹
灞陵橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),原名八里橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),在(zai)許(xu)昌市城西4公里的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)泥河上,相傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)三國(guo)名將(jiang)(jiang)關(guan)羽辭曹(cao)挑(tiao)袍(pao)處,灞陵橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)從(cong)此名揚。原橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)高(gao)于水面(mian)3米(mi)(mi)余,為(wei)(wei)(wei)三孔青石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)寬能并行(xing)兩車,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)長(chang)(chang)90米(mi)(mi),兩岸楊柳成(cheng)行(xing),風(feng)景宜人(ren),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)旁有《漢(han)關(guan)帝(di)(di)挑(tiao)袍(pao)處》石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)末(mo)將(jiang)(jiang)領左良玉所立。另(ling)一通碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)辭曹(cao)書,保存完好,清(qing)代(dai)康(kang)熙、雍正、乾隆年(nian)間,又(you)豎了四通碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),文字清(qing)晰,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)文論述關(guan)羽對(dui)曹(cao)操(cao)辭其金而挑(tiao)其袍(pao)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng),歌頌他“依曹(cao)已久仍歸(gui)漢(han),留得英(ying)風(feng)在(zai)潁州”。說他視高(gao)官厚祿(lu)若(ruo)糞土,褒他“情深義(yi)重垂千秋,士民爭(zheng)拜(bai)漢(han)云長(chang)(chang)”。清(qing)道(dao)光年(nian)間傅梓之(zhi)《許(xu)州記》載(zai)甄(zhen)汝(ru)舟懷古詩句(ju),云:“野水四堤浸柳條,道(dao)邊殘碣記前朝。長(chang)(chang)髯勒馬橫刀處,萬(wan)古英(ying)風(feng)八里橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。”此橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)始建(jian)年(nian)代(dai)無考,據1991年(nian)對(dui)原橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)遺(yi)址的(de)(de)(de)挖掘清(qing)理(li),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基為(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)代(dai)構(gou)件(jian),上部為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)、清(qing)建(jian)筑。原橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)青石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)磚結構(gou),三孔,通長(chang)(chang)17米(mi)(mi),高(gao)2.88米(mi)(mi)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上遺(yi)留構(gou)件(jian)有石(shi)(shi)雕欄板、戲水龍頭、望橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、石(shi)(shi)獅、石(shi)(shi)猴等(deng),都存放在(zai)關(guan)帝(di)(di)廟內。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)北為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)末(mo)總兵左良玉潑墨(mo)手書“漢(han)關(guan)帝(di)(di)挑(tiao)袍(pao)處”的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)型石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)南(nan)是《關(guan)王辭曹(cao)操(cao)之(zhi)圖》碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。
1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)重新修建(jian)了這(zhe)座(zuo)仿漢(han)觀(guan)賞橋。橋長121米(mi)(mi)(mi),單(dan)(dan)拱(gong)雙柱,柱承櫨斗,支頂拱(gong)體。青(qing)石欄板上浮(fu)雕仿漢(han)畫像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),內(nei)容有(you)(you)(you)歷史典(dian)故、神話傳說,大多是反映漢(han)代農桑狩獵、民俗天像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等現(xian)實生(sheng)活(huo)。質樸生(sheng)動,令(ling)人退想。東閱臺的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)中入(ru)口處,立(li)有(you)(you)(you)青(qing)石堆雕的(de)(de)(de)“關公勒馬(ma)挺風”巨像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),通高9米(mi)(mi)(mi),高大偉岸,給人以凌空立(li)馬(ma),虎視(shi)中原之(zhi)勢(shi);西月臺南(nan)北對峙,高5.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)石子母煙(yan),代表著帝王之(zhi)儀。甘(gan)肅(su)渭源縣城南(nan),渭河三大源頭之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)源河上,有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)氣勢(shi)恢宏的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)質結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)廊橋——霸(ba)陵(ling)橋。紫紅(hong)色的(de)(de)(de)曲拱(gong)單(dan)(dan)孔(kong)橋,像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)彩(cai)虹橫跨(kua)(kua)清(qing)(qing)源河上,為(wei)渭水第一(yi)橋。霸(ba)陵(ling)橋是明朝洪武元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1368年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de),經清(qing)(qing)代同治年(nian)(nian)(nian)間、1919年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)四次大的(de)(de)(de)維修。1918年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)修建(jian)由(you)當清(qing)(qing)源鎮柯寨(zhai)村何遇江(jiang)、何遇海(hai)兩兄弟參照(zhao)蘭州雷河灘臥橋式樣進行改(gai)進,形成如今純木(mu)懸臂曲拱(gong)、單(dan)(dan)孔(kong)廊橋。橋身由(you)單(dan)(dan)梁(liang)變成疊梁(liang),結構(gou)嚴(yan)密,氣勢(shi)雄偉,霸(ba)陵(ling)橋全(quan)長40米(mi)(mi)(mi),廊房15間,跨(kua)(kua)度27米(mi)(mi)(mi),高15.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
霸陵為(wei)古縣(xian)名(ming),在西安(an)市(shi)東(dong)。漢(han)文(wen)帝9年(nian)(公(gong)元171年(nian)),在其(qi)地筑霸陵,并命名(ming)為(wei)縣(xian)名(ming)。漢(han)文(wen)帝死(si)后葬霸水(今霸河(he))旁。有(you)一(yi)年(nian)渭(wei)河(he)水大(da),淹了霸陵,渭(wei)河(he)源(yuan)(yuan)頭渭(wei)源(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)修的橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)就叫霸陵橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。明朝大(da)將徐達(da)與元將李思(si)齊激(ji)戰于此(ci)(ci),元軍兵(bing)敗移(yi)至渭(wei)源(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng),且折(zhe)掉了渭(wei)河(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。正值暴雨連天,河(he)水猛漲,無(wu)法過河(he),難(nan)以攻(gong)城(cheng)。徐達(da)聽(ting)從他人建議,在木(mu)籠中(zhong)裝石投(tou)入(ru)河(he)床,壘成橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)墩,終于建橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)成功。元兵(bing)看見明軍將士修好(hao)了橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),守城(cheng)無(wu)望,只(zhi)好(hao)投(tou)降(jiang)。徐達(da)揮筆提寫了“霸陵橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”幾個大(da)字(zi)。數百年(nian)來(lai),歷(li)代(dai)政要、文(wen)人墨客,無(wu)不(bu)稱贊此(ci)(ci)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),左宗棠題寫“南谷源(yuan)(yuan)長”、蔣(jiang)介石提寫“綰轂秦隴”、于右任(ren)“大(da)道之(zhi)行”。楊虎城(cheng)將軍題詞是(shi):“鳥鼠溯靈源(yuan)(yuan),雪(xue)浪(lang)云濤(tao),東(dong)行匯徑瀆黃河(he),漢(han)關紫氣(qi);隴秦資(zi)利涉,月環虹(hong)跨,西望是(shi)金城(cheng)楊柳,玉塞萄(tao)萄(tao)”。清代(dai)詩(shi)人楊景熙(xi)在“渭(wei)水東(dong)注(zhu)”一(yi)詩(shi)中(zhong)贊美此(ci)(ci)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)是(shi):“閑(xian)眺(tiao)城(cheng)邊渭(wei)水流,長虹(hong)一(yi)道臥橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)頭”。