永昌鐘鼓樓(lou)又(you)名聲(sheng)教樓(lou),位于永昌縣城中(zhong)(zhong)四(si)(si)(si)(si)街(jie)交匯之處。建于1587年(nian)(nian)(明神宗萬歷十五年(nian)(nian))。東(dong)西寬22米,南(nan)北(bei)長23米。分樓(lou)閣和樓(lou)臺(tai)兩部分。臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)邊寬22米,高(gao)7.2米,通(tong)(tong)高(gao)24.5米;樓(lou)閣重檐廡殿(dian)頂(ding)共二層三檐,下層面(mian)寬三間,進深三間,四(si)(si)(si)(si)面(mian)置(zhi)(zhi)格(ge)扇門,門左右置(zhi)(zhi)楹窗,斗拱(gong)為(wei)雙翹無昂(ang),共五踩,卷(juan)剎弧線(xian)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)層屋檐及檐柱向內緊收,面(mian)闊仍(reng)同下層。最上(shang)(shang)(shang)層為(wei)屋頂(ding),上(shang)(shang)(shang)置(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)頂(ding)。樓(lou)臺(tai)以夯土(tu)板筑,四(si)(si)(si)(si)周包(bao)磚,兩道拱(gong)門縱橫其中(zhong)(zhong),通(tong)(tong)達四(si)(si)(si)(si)街(jie)。樓(lou)體四(si)(si)(si)(si)面(mian)各(ge)懸巨(ju)匾(bian)三塊,匾(bian)文為(wei)“麗日摩云(yun)”,“民淳(chun)俗美”,“金闕迎恩(en)”,(東(dong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)、下);“文運天(tian)開”,“魁壁聯輝(hui)”,“云(yun)錦天(tian)香”(南(nan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)、下);“中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)一(yi)(yi)柱”,“懷(huai)柔西域”,“玉關通(tong)(tong)道”(西上(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)、下);“聲(sheng)聞四(si)(si)(si)(si)達”,“保障金川”,“威宣沙漠”,(北(bei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)、下)。臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)拱(gong)門上(shang)(shang)(shang)鐫(juan)有:東(dong)“大觀”,南(nan)“迎熏”,西“寧遠”,北(bei)“鎮朔”。一(yi)(yi)層樓(lou)臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)置(zhi)(zhi)大鐵鐘一(yi)(yi)口,內置(zhi)(zhi)大鼓一(yi)(yi)面(mian)。整個建筑結構謹(jin)嚴(yan),造藝精湛(zhan),高(gao)聳挺(ting)拔,雄偉壯觀。2006年(nian)(nian)被國(guo)務(wu)院公布(bu)為(wei)第六批(pi)國(guo)保單位。
鐘鼓樓(lou)曾(ceng)多次維修。清(qing)順治時參(can)將(jiang)鄭(zheng)續(xu)善補修。1767年(nian)(nian)(nian)(乾隆三十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian))知縣白(bai)鐘麟(lin)動員鄉里大事修繕。此后經(jing)歷了多次地震(zhen)。1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)(民(min)國十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian))大地震(zhen)后,樓(lou)體傾斜下陷,部(bu)分(fen)構件斷裂脫卯,樓(lou)頂層(ceng)層(ceng)滲漏,有倒塌危險。中華(hua)人民(min)共和國成立后,曾(ceng)經(jing)幾次維修,1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)省(sheng)人民(min)政府公布為(wei)省(sheng)級文物保護單(dan)位。
1984年,中共永(yong)昌縣(xian)委,縣(xian)人民政(zheng)(zheng)府報經省、市人民政(zheng)(zheng)府批準,對鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)進行了(le)(le)(le)落架重(zhong)修(xiu),1984年6月(yue)24日動工,1986年6月(yue)底竣工,7月(yue)28日由(you)省、市文(wen)化(hua)部(bu)們參加剪彩驗收。維修(xiu)堅持(chi)修(xiu)舊(jiu)如舊(jiu),保持(chi)原(yuan)(yuan)樣(yang)。通(tong)天柱選(xuan)用優(you)質紅松,椽(chuan)材精選(xuan)祁連云(yun)杉(shan),飛頭斗拱(gong)多取原(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)。用南山石(shi)制(zhi)礎,以鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土固基。由(you)北京琉璃(li)制(zhi)品廠(chang)(chang)重(zhong)造琉璃(li)瓦(wa)獸八(ba)卦式寶頂。請(qing)國內各地知名書法家依原(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)重(zhong)書匾額。由(you)咸陽古(gu)建筑(zhu)維修(xiu)隊彩繪。由(you)縣(xian)離合器(qi)廠(chang)(chang)新鑄高1.35米,口徑1.1米,重(zhong)1噸鐵鐘。由(you)縣(xian)木器(qi)社等(deng)單位新制(zhi)面直徑1.6米大鼓(gu)(gu)一面。對損壞的(de)(de)風鈴等(deng)原(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian),均恢復原(yuan)(yuan)樣(yang)。這次維修(xiu),共用經費53萬元。其(qi)中群眾集資1萬元。總(zong)用工2.6萬個。1994年,縣(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府撥款(kuan)5萬元,對永(yong)昌鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)一層木件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)新油漆彩繪; 2000年,縣(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府撥款(kuan)對鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)一樓(lou)地面進行了(le)(le)(le)防滲水技(ji)術處理;2002年,縣(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府撥款(kuan)對鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)四(si)面門洞加固了(le)(le)(le)不銹鋼(gang)金屬圍欄,有效地保護了(le)(le)(le)鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)的(de)(de)外圍安全。
永昌縣城(cheng)(cheng)地(di)處河西(xi)(xi)走廊東部,是(shi)漢(han)、唐(tang)中(zhong)外交(jiao)通要(yao)道(dao) “絲綢之(zhi)(zhi)路”上的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座古城(cheng)(cheng)。從(cong)(cong)歷史(shi)上看,永昌是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)多民(min)(min)族(zu)聚居的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang),反映在(zai)鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)這(zhe)一(yi)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上,具有蒙漢(han)黨項等多民(min)(min)族(zu)文化(hua)交(jiao)融一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格。其(qi)一(yi),從(cong)(cong)藝(yi)術造型(xing)上看,形(xing)體是(shi)由(you)屋頂,木構架,臺基三大要(yao)素(su)所構成(cheng),沿(yan)襲了漢(han)朝的(de)(de)(de)做法,是(shi)中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)特(te)(te)征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi);其(qi)二(er)從(cong)(cong)平面布(bu)局(ju)看,鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)設在(zai)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong),掌(zhang)管全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)作息和夜禁時(shi)刻,是(shi)元朝的(de)(de)(de)制度,也(ye)是(shi)蒙古族(zu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)局(ju)手(shou)法,它(ta)置鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)于一(yi)樓(lou)(lou),與宋(song)金明清時(shi)期“鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)在(zai)東,鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)”的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)制不(bu)同(tong);三、從(cong)(cong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式上看,盝頂式屋頂是(shi)元代(dai)常見的(de)(de)(de)造型(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),明初,元朝宮殿多被拆除(chu),唯(wei)獨永昌鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)上有蒙古族(zu)風(feng)格的(de)(de)(de)寶(bao)頂,這(zhe)在(zai)國風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)尚無(wu)先例。永昌鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)還有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)特(te)(te)點,就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)盝頂之(zhi)(zhi)上加了一(yi)個(ge)(ge)八(ba)卦寶(bao)頂,突出了民(min)(min)間(jian)盛(sheng)行的(de)(de)(de)五行之(zhi)(zhi)說;其(qi)四,圍欄共分(fen)三格,扶手(shou)下(xia)一(yi)空格,中(zhong)有墊(dian)墩,中(zhong)間(jian)一(yi)小格,用(yong)木版(ban)裝實,刻有卷草(cao)花紋(wen)圖(tu)案(an)(an),下(xia)一(yi)大格,用(yong)木版(ban)裝實刻有降幕云(yun)圖(tu)案(an)(an),系(xi)(xi)西(xi)(xi)夏(xia)宮廷建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格。另外,三層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)室內五片(pian)直彩(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)到第(di)二(er)片(pian)直彩(cai)(cai)間(jian),置一(yi)小斗(dou),系(xi)(xi)宋(song)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格。其(qi)五,從(cong)(cong)油漆彩(cai)(cai)畫看,柱(zhu)、門(men)、窗為深(shen)朱紅色,斗(dou)拱(gong)青(qing)綠(lv)間(jian)色,即蘭升(sheng)斗(dou)間(jian)以綠(lv)昂拱(gong),綠(lv)升(sheng)斗(dou)間(jian)以蘭昂拱(gong),分(fen)別以三青(qing)三綠(lv)及綠(lv)華退暈,墨線壓邊。斗(dou)拱(gong)板面涂紅底,畫蘭綠(lv)火焰三寶(bao)珠,均為典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)明代(dai)州城(cheng)(cheng)彩(cai)(cai)風(feng)格——旋子(zi)彩(cai)(cai)畫。