地理位置
崆(kong)峒山古建筑(zhu)群位于平涼市崆(kong)峒區崆(kong)峒山。現存(cun)建筑(zhu)為宋(song)代(dai)和(he)明代(dai)的建筑(zhu)物,清(qing)代(dai)曾(ceng)不(bu)同程度地(di)予以修葺。
現存古建筑
崆峒(tong)山古建筑群是道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)文化延續發展(zhan),以(yi)及和(he)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)相(xiang)處共存的(de)珍貴歷史(shi)見(jian)證,其營造布(bu)局因(yin)地制宜,匠心獨運(yun),層次豐富,做法(fa)考究。佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)凌空塔與道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)皇城遙相(xiang)呼應(ying)。單體(ti)建筑、寺(si)廟院落(luo)與山峰景(jing)觀(guan)融為一體(ti),將(jiang)人文景(jing)觀(guan)與自然景(jing)觀(guan)完(wan)美(mei)結合,具有較高的(de)觀(guan)賞、文化和(he)科考價值(zhi)。
皇城建筑群
位于馬鬃(zong)山(shan)(shan),雄踞馬鬃(zong)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)巔,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于北宋(song)乾(qian)德(de)年間(公元(yuan)963-967年),海拔高度(du)2036米(mi),為崆峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)宮觀(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)首,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)富(fu)麗堂(tang)皇,包括磨針(zhen)觀(guan)(飛仙(xian)閣、黑(hei)虎靈(ling)官(guan)洞(dong)(dong)、南崖宮)、十二元(yuan)帥殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(三教(jiao)洞(dong)(dong)、廂(xiang)房、角(jiao)樓(lou))、靈(ling)官(guan)洞(dong)(dong)(牌坊、鐘樓(lou)、鼓樓(lou))、太白樓(lou)(南北廂(xiang)房)、獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、真武殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、天師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、藥王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、老君樓(lou)(老子八十一畫壁畫)、天仙(xian)宮(軒轅殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三霄殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、廂(xiang)房)等11處古建(jian)(jian)筑,規模宏大,錯落有致。樓(lou)臺殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)在設(she)計、構造(zao)、裝飾和陳(chen)設(she)方面(mian)匠(jiang)心獨具,被尊為古建(jian)(jian)筑藝術的瑰寶。
雷聲峰建筑群
位于(yu)馬鬃山(shan)東南,始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)北宋乾(qian)德年間 (公(gong)元963-967年),包括三官(guan)殿(dian)(山(shan)門、廂房(fang))、玉皇(huang)樓、三星殿(dian)(圣父圣母殿(dian))雷祖殿(dian)(九(jiu)光(guang)殿(dian)石(shi)坊、眼光(guang)殿(dian)、廂房(fang)、四海(hai)龍(long)君殿(dian))4處古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),九(jiu)光(guang)殿(dian)石(shi)坊是(shi)崆(kong)峒山(shan)目前現存建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物中(zhong)惟一保存較為(wei)完整的石(shi)刻建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群組景得體,取法自然,三面峭壁,地勢險峻,蒼松環抱,蔚為(wei)壯(zhuang)觀,體現了宗教(jiao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的風(feng)格和藝術成就。
崆峒山凌空塔
位(wei)于崆(kong)峒山塔院(yuan)內,始建(jian)于北宋天(tian)圣七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1029年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),明(ming)萬歷十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1585年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))維修。塔為八角七級樓(lou)閣式空心磚塔。坐(zuo)北朝南,高32米(mi),底層(ceng)周長(chang)32米(mi),面(mian)積為554.3平(ping)方米(mi)。塔身中(zhong)部有銘文“大明(ming)國承(cheng)宣(xuan)布政平(ping)涼府崆(kong)峒山鎮寶塔一座,萬歷十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue)五(wu)日吉(ji)造”。凌空塔是研究古絲綢之路(lu)佛教(jiao)寺(si)院(yuan)建(jian)筑(zhu)和佛教(jiao)文化,崆(kong)峒文化向西(xi)傳播(bo)的珍貴物證。
地勢特點
崆峒山古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群依山就勢分(fen)布,主次(ci)分(fen)明(ming),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群既自成一(yi)局,又相互聯系,分(fen)為舒華寺、隍城(cheng)和雷(lei)聲峰三(san)部分(fen),主要古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)16座(zuo),包括舒花寺內的凌空(kong)塔(ta),隍城(cheng)內的磨針觀(guan)、十(shi)二元帥殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、太白樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、靈官洞(dong)、獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、真武殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉(yu)(yu)皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、天師(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、藥王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、老(lao)君樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、天仙宮,雷(lei)聲峰的三(san)官殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉(yu)(yu)皇樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、三(san)星殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)祖殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群占地面積計2339平(ping)方(fang)米,總(zong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積1484平(ping)方(fang)米。凌空(kong)塔(ta)為七級八(ba)面閣樓(lou)(lou)(lou)式磚塔(ta),高30米,底層周長32米。始建(jian)(jian)于宋(song),明(ming)萬(wan)歷年間(jian)(1573~1620年)維(wei)修。老(lao)君樓(lou)(lou)(lou)位于隍城(cheng)西南(nan)角,明(ming)嘉靖年間(jian)重(zhong)修,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積50平(ping)方(fang)米,為二室一(yi)大間(jian)轉角樓(lou)(lou)(lou),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內壁間(jian)有(you)明(ming)重(zhong)修時金粉(fen)鑲嵌(qian)彩繪太上(shang)老(lao)君八(ba)十(shi)一(yi)化圖,共82幀(zhen)。
文化底蘊
崆峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)筑群總體規(gui)劃嚴密,主(zhu)次分明,大小(xiao)有序(xu),布局(ju)合理,顯示了工(gong)匠在特殊的(de)地段上進行(xing)空間組織和巧妙運用建(jian)筑體量的(de)智慧。老君樓內的(de)明代畫作《老子(zi)八十(shi)一化圖》為全國(guo)第二幸存者。建(jian)筑群所在崆峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)歷史悠久,風(feng)景優美,既有北國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)雄,又兼南方之(zhi)(zhi)秀(xiu),與道(dao)教文(wen)化有密不可分的(de)淵源(yuan)關系,具有重要的(de)歷史、文(wen)化和科學(xue)價值。
入編國保檔案
據(ju)甘肅省(sheng)旅(lv)游局(ju)(ju)披露,今(jin)年以來,崆(kong)峒山(shan)管(guan)理(li)局(ju)(ju)文(wen)物管(guan)理(li)所(suo)按照全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位(wei)(wei)建(jian)檔(dang)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)要求,對被(bei)列入(ru)全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位(wei)(wei)的(de)崆(kong)峒山(shan)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群內的(de)單體建(jian)筑(zhu)進行了逐項梳理(li)和(he)建(jian)檔(dang),現建(jian)檔(dang)工(gong)作(zuo)基本結束。這(zhe)些檔(dang)案資料將報國(guo)家及省(sheng)文(wen)物局(ju)(ju),成(cheng)為“國(guo)保檔(dang)案”,為進一步實施(shi)崆(kong)峒山(shan)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群保護項目(mu)奠定了基礎。