石空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺石窟,位于中寧縣(xian)石空(kong)(kong)(kong)西北(bei)雙(shuang)龍山(shan)(shan)的南麓。雙(shuang)龍山(shan)(shan)古(gu)代稱(cheng)為石空(kong)(kong)(kong)山(shan)(shan)。這里(li)背(bei)山(shan)(shan)面水(shui),風(feng)景秀麗,可(ke)以說是(shi)青山(shan)(shan)綠(lv)水(shui),非常清秀。明代楊郁有詩贊(zan)曰:“古(gu)洞(dong)仰觀(guan)北(bei)擁山(shan)(shan),洪濤俯瞰水(shui)東流,倚遍危欄情未已(yi),淡煙衰(shuai)草(cao)夕陽中。”便是(shi)對(dui)這里(li)自然風(feng)貌的寫照(zhao)。
石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)寺(si)(si)原(yuan)有(you)(you)大(da)佛(fo)洞(dong)(dong)、臥佛(fo)洞(dong)(dong)、觀(guan)音洞(dong)(dong)、靈光洞(dong)(dong)、龍王洞(dong)(dong)等石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku),在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)前的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壁下(xia)建有(you)(you)寺(si)(si)院(yuan),寺(si)(si)院(yuan)中(zhong)還(huan)置(zhi)有(you)(you)各(ge)類(lei)塑神像(xiang)(xiang)。乾(qian)隆《中(zhong)衛縣志》對(dui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)作(zuo)過詳(xiang)細的(de)描(miao)述:“寺(si)(si)在(zai)半山(shan),為(wei)兩(liang)院(yuan)。東院(yuan)山(shan)門內,重樓依山(shan),樓下(xia)啟(qi)洞(dong)(dong)而入(ru),中(zhong)若著邃屋。……兩(liang)院(yuan)梯上(shang)階而上(shang),有(you)(you)真武閣、亦因山(shan)窟(ku)(ku)而室(shi)。轉西則新建佛(fo)殿巍然,內外各(ge)六楹。其前因山(shan)筑臺,憑欄(lan)遠眺,河流(liu)環(huan)抱(bao),村堡錯落。”由(you)于這里是(shi)格里騰大(da)沙(sha)漠的(de)南(nan)緣,風沙(sha)很大(da),加(jia)上(shang)晚清(qing)時(shi)期,社會動(dong)亂,農村調敝,寺(si)(si)院(yuan)荒廢(fei),無人維修(xiu),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)逐被流(liu)沙(sha)淹(yan)埋。到了本世紀40年代末,僅存一個(ge)群眾稱為(wei)“九間(jian)沒梁洞(dong)(dong)”的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku),洞(dong)(dong)前有(you)(you)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)一座(zuo)。“九間(jian)沒梁洞(dong)(dong)”寬為(wei)12.5米,進深7.3米,高約(yue)20余米,窟(ku)(ku)室(shi)寬敞宏大(da),窟(ku)(ku)室(shi)前部(bu)(bu)門上(shang)方(fang)左(zuo)右兩(liang)側各(ge)有(you)(you)一方(fang)形明(ming)(ming)窟(ku)(ku)。里壁并列三個(ge)佛(fo)龕(kan),東西兩(liang)邊各(ge)置(zhi)佛(fo)壇,造像(xiang)(xiang)雖已(yi)殘破,但(dan)大(da)部(bu)(bu)分為(wei)精致的(de)明(ming)(ming)代彩塑;壁面(mian)有(you)(you)彩繪的(de)佛(fo)教故(gu)事,工(gong)筆細膩;窟(ku)(ku)頂彩繪西蕃蓮圖(tu)案(an),線條流(liu)暢(chang)。從80年代開始,為(wei)了發掘(jue)被淹(yan)埋的(de)文(wen)化寶(bao)藏,有(you)(you)關方(fang)面(mian)組織財力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)、和人力(li)(li),清(qing)除(chu)淤(yu)沙(sha),大(da)部(bu)(bu)分石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)及寺(si)(si)院(yuan)遺址(zhi)已(yi)被清(qing)理出來。同時(shi)正(zheng)在(zai)整修(xiu),不(bu)久(jiu)可供游人游覽(lan)。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)寺(si)(si)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)始建于何時(shi),尚未準確定(ding)論(lun)。明(ming)(ming)代《嘉(jia)靖寧夏新志》稱為(wei)“元(yuan)(yuan)故(gu)寺(si)(si)”,這說明(ming)(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)寺(si)(si)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)在(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)已(yi)有(you)(you)了。明(ming)(ming)清(qing)時(shi),“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)夜燈”已(yi)是(shi)遠近聞名的(de)風景區之一。
石(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺(si)的(de)“石(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)夜(ye)燈(deng)”這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)動人(ren)的(de)故(gu)事,早在明清時期已傳遍雙龍(long)山南(nan)北。傳說在 石(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺(si),每當夜(ye)暮降臨之(zhi)后(hou),有(you)(you)一位仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女駕著彩云,自(zi)(zi)碧(bi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)飄(piao)飄(piao)而(er)來,她(ta)把(ba)珍珠(zhu)瑪瑙撒下(xia)(xia)人(ren)間(jian)(jian),這(zhe)些珍珠(zhu)寶(bao)(bao)貝(bei)閃閃發(fa)光(guang),光(guang)芒(mang)四射,為(wei)人(ren)們照(zhao)明。有(you)(you)一天(tian),一個(ge)(ge)小伙(huo)子(zi)埋伏(fu)在仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女降臨的(de)地方,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女撤完珠(zhu)寶(bao)(bao)以后(hou),正要返回天(tian)宮時,小伙(huo)子(zi)冒險上(shang)前(qian)求她(ta)永(yong)留人(ren)間(jian)(jian),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女拔(ba)下(xia)(xia)頭上(shang)的(de)玉(yu)簪(zan),叫小伙(huo)子(zi)把(ba)它插入石(shi)(shi)山上(shang)的(de)一條縫(feng)中(zhong)。轉眼間(jian)(jian),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女已無(wu)(wu)影(ying)無(wu)(wu)蹤,玉(yu)簪(zan)變(bian)成了(le)一把(ba)金鑰(yao)匙。小伙(huo)子(zi)把(ba)它對準石(shi)(shi)縫(feng),輕輕一插,山崩地裂,一座座宮殿從(cong)山中(zhong)飛出(chu)。自(zi)(zi)此(ci)(ci),每當黑夜(ye)降臨,宮殿里的(de)燈(deng)火輝煌(huang),鼓樂自(zi)(zi)鳴,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女們翩(pian)翩(pian)起舞(wu),把(ba)人(ren)間(jian)(jian)照(zhao)得通亮(liang)。當人(ren)們爬(pa)上(shang)山腰,走進宮殿時,突然燈(deng)息煙消,鼓偃舞(wu)停。宮殿原來是一個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)石(shi)(shi)洞(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)內是大大小小的(de)佛像(xiang)和五顏(yan)六色的(de)壁(bi)畫,這(zhe)就是中(zhong)寧(ning)石(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺(si)窟(ku)的(de)來歷。佛燈(deng)的(de)紅光(guang)從(cong)石(shi)(shi)洞(dong)(dong)里照(zhao)射出(chu)來,遙(yao)望好(hao)似星斗(dou)掛在空(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong),“石(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)”因此(ci)(ci)而(er)得名。 “夜(ye)空(kong)(kong)(kong)石(shi)(shi)燈(deng)”歷來就是寧(ning)夏十大景觀(guan)之(zhi)一。古人(ren)有(you)(you)詩贊(zan)詠石(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺(si)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)夜(ye)景:“疊嶂玲瓏竦石(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),誰開蘭若碧(bi)云中(zhong)。僧閑夜(ye)夜(ye)燃燈(deng)坐,遙(yao)見青山一滴紅。”
石(shi)空(kong)大佛(fo)(fo)寺(si),歷(li)史源(yuan)遠(yuan)流(liu)長(chang),文化資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,優越的(de)歷(li)史遺韻,蘊育了特色鮮明(ming)的(de)人文景觀。石(shi)空(kong)寺(si)石(shi)窟俗稱大佛(fo)(fo)寺(si),位于(yu)寧夏中(zhong)寧縣(xian)余丁鄉(xiang)集鎮區東(dong)北角2公里處的(de)雙龍山南(nan)麓和金沙村界(jie)內(nei)。石(shi)空(kong)寺(si)歷(li)史悠(you)久,廟窟高大奇(qi)特。殿內(nei)塑像生動逼真,壁畫工筆(bi)細膩,是寧夏及毗(pi)鄰地區不可(ke)多得的(de)佛(fo)(fo)教勝地和觀光游覽景點。
石(shi)空(kong)大佛寺(si)石(shi)窟(ku)開鑿(zao)于唐代。據(ju)史書《隴右(you)金石(shi)錄》、《甘肅新通志》記載:"石(shi)空(kong)寺(si)以(yi)(yi)寺(si)得名,寺(si)創于唐時,就山形(xing)鑿(zao)石(shi)窟(ku),窟(ku)內造像皆唐制。"可以(yi)(yi)說,它(ta)是(shi)唐代絲綢之路上一(yi)處重(zhong)要的宗教文(wen)化(hua)遺址,1961年被(bei)寧夏回族自治區人民政(zheng)府公布為重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)。
據史料記載,大佛(fo)寺(si)分上、中(zhong)、下三寺(si),共有(you)石窟十(shi)三個,自西向東分別為∶焰(yan)光(guang)洞(dong)、萬(wan)佛(fo)洞(dong)、石子觀音洞(dong)、老君洞(dong)、三清(qing)洞(dong)、玉皇(huang)洞(dong)、無(wu)(wu)量洞(dong)、九間(jian)無(wu)(wu)梁(liang)洞(dong)、財神洞(dong)、藥(yao)王洞(dong)、娘(niang)娘(niang)洞(dong)、龍王洞(dong)、睡佛(fo)洞(dong)。其中(zhong)數九間(jian)無(wu)(wu)梁(liang)洞(dong)(又稱九間(jian)無(wu)(wu)梁(liang)寺(si),位於中(zhong)寺(si)處)規模(mo)較為宏大,是(shi)大佛(fo)寺(si)的中(zhong)心,洞(dong)高(gao)二十(shi)五(wu)米,深(shen)十(shi)五(wu)米,寬十(shi)三米,內(nei)塑八十(shi)八佛(fo),加上菩薩、羅漢(han)、供養人等共有(you)三百六十(shi)尊之多。
上(shang)(shang)寺(si)有(you)(you)(you)靈光洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)八(ba)(ba).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)覆斗(dou)狀,里(li)(li)面(mian)塑有(you)(you)(you)地藏王(wang)(wang)菩(pu)薩;百子(zi)(zi)觀音洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)二(er)(er)(er).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)一(yi).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)兩(liang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),塑有(you)(you)(you)百子(zi)(zi)觀音;萬佛(fo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)八(ba)(ba).二(er)(er)(er)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)六(liu)(liu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),里(li)(li)面(mian)塑有(you)(you)(you)佛(fo)像、羅漢(han),頂上(shang)(shang)塑有(you)(you)(you)許多小佛(fo)像,其神熊(xiong)各(ge)(ge)異,栩栩如(ru)生,神熊(xiong)慈悲安禪。以上(shang)(shang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)均在二(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)樓閣上(shang)(shang)。第(di)(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian),塑有(you)(you)(you)華嚴(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)圣,中(zhong)(zhong)間釋迦(jia)牟尼佛(fo),持說(shuo)法(fa)狀,佛(fo)像高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),金(jin)剛座、阿(a)難(nan)、迦(jia)葉(xie)護(hu)法(fa),兩(liang)旁文殊騎(qi)孔雀(que)神獅,普賢騎(qi)六(liu)(liu)牙大(da)(da)(da)象(xiang),殿(dian)(dian)宇金(jin)碧輝煌。其次(ci)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)福祿壽三(san)(san)(san)(san)星洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)一(yi).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)三(san)(san)(san)(san).二(er)(er)(er)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),里(li)(li)面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)清洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).七米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)六(liu)(liu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),也就是(shi)(shi)至(zhi)2018年的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)左右(you)配殿(dian)(dian)。玉皇洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).七米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。無(wu)量(liang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)兩(liang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。 正面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)龕(kan)(kan),正中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)龕(kan)(kan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen)群(qun)像,居中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)坐佛(fo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)達5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)胎泥(ni)塑而(er)成,儀(yi)態雍容(rong)(rong)。后壁(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)火焰(yan)光環,佛(fo)龕(kan)(kan)兩(liang)側各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)色(se)(se)(se)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua),色(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)艷麗,可(ke)與敦(dun)煌石(shi)窟(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)代壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)相媲美(mei)。 中(zhong)(zhong)寺(si)是(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)間無(wu)梁寺(si)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),它是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)石(shi)窟(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)心。這個(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)敞(chang)宏大(da)(da)(da),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)一(yi)百二(er)(er)(er)十五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)約二(er)(er)(er)十五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),進深(shen)七百二(er)(er)(er)十四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)龕(kan)(kan),正中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)龕(kan)(kan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)龕(kan)(kan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen)群(qun)像,本尊(zun)是(shi)(shi)石(shi)胎泥(ni)塑的(de)(de)(de)(de)釋迦(jia)牟尼佛(fo)座身(shen),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),螺發,圓臉、長(chang)(chang)眉(mei)大(da)(da)(da)眼(yan),耳(er)垂(chui)至(zhi)肩(jian),袒胸盤(pan)膝,身(shen)穿紅色(se)(se)(se)袈娑外衣,姿熊(xiong)雍容(rong)(rong)溫和(he)慈祥,左右(you)兩(liang)菩(pu)薩頭戴(dai)花(hua)(hua)冠,頸佩瓔珞,袒胸露(lu)臂,腕戴(dai)釧鐲,著(zhu)貼身(shen)長(chang)(chang)群(qun),系彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)色(se)(se)(se)腰(yao)圍,臉部豐滿,長(chang)(chang)眉(mei)大(da)(da)(da)眼(yan),鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)微微隆起(qi),頜下有(you)(you)(you)條弧線,額正中(zhong)(zhong)眉(mei)宇間有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)顆紅色(se)(se)(se)吉祥痣。造(zao)型似(si)盛(sheng)唐(tang)時風格,形(xing)熊(xiong)動人,原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)阿(a)難(nan),迦(jia)葉(xie)兩(liang)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)像站陪,現已(yi)傾倒毀壞。後(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)火焰(yan)光環,兩(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)色(se)(se)(se)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua),從脫落(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)觀察,壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)有(you)(you)(you)里(li)(li)外兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng),外層(ceng)(ceng)繪有(you)(you)(you)佛(fo)經故事,如(ru)迦(jia)葉(xie)渡海等人物造(zao)型,色(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)運(yun)用、氣氛渲(xuan)染等方面(mian)都表現出(chu)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術手(shou)法(fa)。里(li)(li)層(ceng)(ceng)時代更早(zao),顏色(se)(se)(se)多已(yi)氧化。從色(se)(se)(se)調(diao)看(kan),與敦(dun)煌唐(tang)代彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪相似(si)。石(shi)窟(ku)兩(liang)壁(bi)(bi)均有(you)(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)佛(fo)像,分(fen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)排陳列,都是(shi)(shi)盤(pan)腿而(er)坐,身(shen)著(zhu)袈裟外衣,每排八(ba)(ba)、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)尊(zun),據稱共八(ba)(ba)十八(ba)(ba)佛(fo)。窟(ku)頂繪有(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)色(se)(se)(se)番蓮(lian)花(hua)(hua)圖案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藻井(jing),窟(ku)底為(wei)(wei)(wei)方磚鋪地,可(ke)站立三(san)(san)(san)(san)百多人禮(li)佛(fo)。下寺(si)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku),第(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)可(ke)能是(shi)(shi)住僧人的(de)(de)(de)(de),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)三(san)(san)(san)(san).六(liu)(liu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),里(li)(li)面(mian)還(huan)鑿(zao)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)十五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)娘(niang)娘(niang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),第(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)藥(yao)王(wang)(wang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)二(er)(er)(er).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)○.六(liu)(liu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)一(yi).四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)四(si)(si)(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)龍王(wang)(wang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)二(er)(er)(er).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)睡(shui)佛(fo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)三(san)(san)(san)(san).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內塑佛(fo)涅盤(pan)像,阿(a)難(nan),迦(jia)葉(xie)等十大(da)(da)(da)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)待立身(shen)後(hou)(hou)。至(zhi)2018年上(shang)(shang)寺(si)和(he)下寺(si)已(yi)具(ju)規(gui)模,上(shang)(shang)寺(si)三(san)(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)樓閣式主殿(dian)(dian)、配殿(dian)(dian)、禪房、齋(zhai)房齊備。一(yi)進山(shan)門即可(ke)看(kan)見(jian)笑容(rong)(rong)滿面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彌(mi)勒佛(fo),背後(hou)(hou)是(shi)(shi)韋馱(tuo),兩(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)(da)(da)天王(wang)(wang)護(hu)法(fa),天王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)(dian)氣勢(shi)雄(xiong)偉,每逢農(nong)歷(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)月初八(ba)(ba)前(qian)後(hou)(hou),各(ge)(ge)地得(de)客(ke)信徒云集而(er)來,朝山(shan)拜佛(fo)、看(kan)戲、經商、游(you)覽,人山(shan)人海,熱(re)鬧非凡(fan)。
萬(wan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和焰(yan)(yan)光(guang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)規模也(ye)很大,兩洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑿于半山(shan)腰,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)各(ge)(ge)高(gao)5米,深(shen)10米,寬6米。萬(wan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)正(zheng)面(mian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕塑(su)(su)(su)(su)金身釋伽牟(mou)尼坐像(xiang),兩側(ce)為侍(shi)立菩(pu)薩,窟(ku)頂及兩壁貼塑(su)(su)(su)(su)無數小(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),號稱萬(wan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)。焰(yan)(yan)光(guang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)正(zheng)中(zhong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕,上邊塑(su)(su)(su)(su)焰(yan)(yan)光(guang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),下(xia)邊塑(su)(su)(su)(su)地(di)藏菩(pu)薩,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)兩側(ce)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)有(you)十殿閻(yan)君,形體高(gao)大威猛(meng),神(shen)態(tai)各(ge)(ge)異。兩窟(ku)中(zhong)間開有(you)一個(ge)高(gao)3米,寬2米,深(shen)1.5米的小(xiao)窟(ku),內(nei)塑(su)(su)(su)(su)百(bai)子觀(guan)音坐像(xiang),窟(ku)壁塑(su)(su)(su)(su)無數天(tian)真孩(hai)童,活潑可愛。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)外(wai)面(mian)建(jian)有(you)靠山(shan)樓(lou)三層,三窟(ku)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口均在二層樓(lou)內(nei),樓(lou)閣高(gao)聳巍峨,氣勢雄宏,與(yu)(yu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)渾(hun)然一體,形成(cheng)藝術組合。其建(jian)筑(zhu)手法(fa)和外(wai)形與(yu)(yu)敦煌(huang)莫高(gao)窟(ku)一脈相承。
大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)佛寺自(zi)唐代(dai)開鑿以來(lai),在(zai)一(yi)千多年的(de)(de)(de)滄(cang)桑歲(sui)月中幾經(jing)(jing)興(xing)衰(shuai),從遺存的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量明代(dai)嘉靖年間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)銘文來(lai)看,明代(dai)進(jin)行(xing)過(guo)較大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)維修(xiu)擴(kuo)建(jian)。清末洞(dong)(dong)窟(ku)被(bei)流沙(sha)掩(yan)埋(mai),使得(de)窟(ku)內文物(wu)得(de)以幸存下(xia)來(lai)。1981至(zhi)1983年間(jian)(jian),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)佛寺上寺和下(xia)寺部分洞(dong)(dong)窟(ku)經(jing)(jing)寧夏(xia)回族自(zi)治區文物(wu)管理(li)委員會(hui)發掘,深埋(mai)地(di)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)千年文物(wu)重見天日。隨后,寧夏(xia)回族自(zi)治區文物(wu)管理(li)委員會(hui)陸(lu)續維修(xiu)了(le)(le)娘(niang)娘(niang)洞(dong)(dong)、睡佛洞(dong)(dong)、龍王洞(dong)(dong),修(xiu)復(fu)了(le)(le)靠山樓、菩薩殿(dian)、虔心殿(dian)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雄殿(dian)、天王殿(dian)、藥師(shi)佛殿(dian)、阿(a)彌(mi)陀佛殿(dian)、禪堂(tang)、凈寶、山門(men)等古建(jian)筑。至(zhi)2018年大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)佛寺已初具(ju)規(gui)模(mo),其它洞(dong)(dong)窟(ku)因(yin)(yin)資金、技術等原因(yin)(yin)尚(shang)未修(xiu)復(fu)。特別是規(gui)模(mo)宏大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)九間(jian)(jian)無梁寺到至(zhi)2018年為止(zhi)仍掩(yan)埋(mai)于(yu)漫漫黃(huang)沙(sha)下(xia)。