駱駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址分南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩(liang)部分組成。南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)一(yi)墻之隔(ge),總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)30.77萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)長494米(mi)、東西(xi)寬425米(mi),北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東西(xi)長425米(mi)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬210米(mi),東、西(xi)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)正(zheng)中各(ge)辟一(yi)門(men),門(men)外皆有(you)(you)方形甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)角又有(you)(you)一(yi)座南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)長132米(mi)、東西(xi)寬79米(mi)的(de)(de)小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),俗稱(cheng)“宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)古井一(yi)眼(yan)。北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),俗稱(cheng)“皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為6.54萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian)(mian)正(zheng)中筑方形甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),開東、西(xi)向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),與南(nan)(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)通。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣四角均有(you)(you) 6×6米(mi)的(de)(de)方形角墩。兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現存(cun)墻垣總長1933米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)地表(biao)遺(yi)存(cun)有(you)(you)漢一(yi)唐(tang)(tang)時代(dai)的(de)(de)磚、瓦、陶(tao)片(pian),北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)建筑遺(yi)跡9處。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)地表(biao)散見(jian)焦獸骨、灰(hui)陶(tao)片(pian),出土過漢五銖錢幣、陶(tao)紡輪、唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)銅器(qi)和(he)鐵器(qi)等。
從整體上看又分外廊、宮城(cheng)、皇城(cheng)三層,外城(cheng)的(de)甕(weng)城(cheng)、馬面、敵臺、角(jiao)(jiao)墩、城(cheng)垣等輔助設施(shi)一應俱全(quan),基本完好。在城(cheng)西(xi)南(nan)2公里處,還(huan)有(you)俗稱“羊(yang)蹄鼓城(cheng)”的(de)小方(fang)城(cheng),長55米,寬40米,向東開一小城(cheng)門,系主城(cheng)外圍防御堡壘,二者(zhe)遙(yao)相呼應,互為犄角(jiao)(jiao)之勢(shi)。統觀全(quan)城(cheng)結構嚴密精巧(qiao),氣勢(shi)宏偉(wei)雄壯,歷(li)經千年仍巍(wei)然屹立,充分展示了古(gu)人在軍事(shi)工程設計施(shi)工方(fang)面的(de)高超水平。
遺(yi)址(zhi)周圍(wei)還有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)、城(cheng)(cheng)東墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)和五座(zuo)窯(yao)遺(yi)址(zhi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)以城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)為(wei)中心,分(fen)布在城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)、西(xi)、北三面。城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)距城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)南(nan)2公(gong)里,面積(ji)27平方公(gong)里,有(you)封(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)近2000余(yu)座(zuo)。封(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)堆呈圓形(xing)或方形(xing),有(you)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壙(kuang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和磚室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)兩種(zhong)。出土(tu)(tu)(tu)有(you)大量(liang)的彩繪(hui)畫(hua)像(xiang)磚,內容(rong)有(you)伏羲、女媧、農耕、畜牧(mu)、家居(ju)等,并出土(tu)(tu)(tu)有(you)前涼(liang)(liang)時期的木(mu)牘、木(mu)俑及西(xi)晉時期的彩帛旌銘(ming)、木(mu)版畫(hua)。城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)南(nan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)距城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)西(xi)南(nan)1公(gong)里處(chu),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)均為(wei)高大的方形(xing)夯土(tu)(tu)(tu)墩,土(tu)(tu)(tu)墩底邊(bian)長6一(yi)8米(mi),高5一(yi)6米(mi),為(wei)五涼(liang)(liang)時期墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang),經發掘(jue)為(wei)磚室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和土(tu)(tu)(tu)壙(kuang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),出土(tu)(tu)(tu)有(you)彩繪(hui)畫(hua)像(xiang)磚、胡運(yun)子衣物疏(shu)、紅(hong)紗旌銘(ming)、青海神樹等,城(cheng)(cheng)北1.5公(gong)里處(chu)有(you)古窯(yao)址(zhi)9座(zuo),窯(yao)底周長50米(mi),窯(yao)高8—10米(mi),地表(biao)散(san)見(jian)大量(liang)磚瓦、陶器(qi)殘片和少量(liang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)。
可乘火車(che)、長途汽車(che)前往觀光、考(kao)古,當(dang)地(di)有住(zhu)宿。粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)(jin)是(shi)當(dang)地(di)的(de)特色美(mei)食(shi)(shi)。農(nong)民秋(qiu)收后(hou),家(jia)家(jia)戶戶要晾(liang)腸(chang)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)(jin)。一來秋(qiu)收后(hou)農(nong)閑;二(er)來用新麥面(mian)(mian)(mian)做(zuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)(jin)質量(liang)好;三(san)是(shi)因為馬蓮成(cheng)熟(shu)。可用來晾(liang)曬(shai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)(jin)。粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)(jin)的(de)制(zhi)作過程較復雜,由白面(mian)(mian)(mian)加水拌和揉洗(xi),將洗(xi)出的(de)淀(dian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)加熱(re)煮沸,放冷(leng)凝固,切片(pian)晾(liang)干,即(ji)成(cheng)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)。剩(sheng)下的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)(jin)蒸(zheng)熟(shu)或絡(luo)熟(shu)切片(pian)晾(liang)干即(ji)可。做(zuo)好的(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)(jin),都用馬蓮絲扎成(cheng)小(xiao)把,貯存起(qi)來。食(shi)(shi)用時(shi)用涼水臨時(shi)浸泡,即(ji)可做(zuo)湯、炒萊(lai),又可加蔥(cong)末(mo)、蒜泥、辣椒(jiao)油、鹽(yan)及(ji)醋等涼拌而食(shi)(shi),冷(leng)熱(re)葷素隨人口味(wei)(wei)而制(zhi),方便實(shi)惠,風味(wei)(wei)獨(du)特。
據(ju)史(shi)書記載和學術考證(zheng),駱(luo)(luo)(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為西漢(han)表(biao)是縣(xian)地(di)震后(hou)(hou)前(qian)涼于距(ju)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西南20公(gong)(gong)(gong)里處新(xin)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)治所(suo)。西晉(jin)滅亡后(hou)(hou),割據(ju)河西的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)涼張(zhang)氏政(zheng)權為安置關內來(lai)投的(de)(de)(de)難民,在(zai)駱(luo)(luo)(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)故址(zhi)建(jian)(jian)郡(jun)(jun),并(bing)以東(dong)晉(jin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝都“建(jian)(jian)康(kang)”來(lai)命(ming)名,借此標(biao)榜效忠晉(jin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)室來(lai)爭(zheng)(zheng)取北方漢(han)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)支持,成為戰亂給駱(luo)(luo)(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷史(shi)烙下的(de)(de)(de)特殊印記。此后(hou)(hou)前(qian)涼于公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)376年(nian)被(bei)前(qian)秦所(suo)滅,建(jian)(jian)康(kang)郡(jun)(jun)首次易(yi)主。淝水之(zhi)戰前(qian)秦苻堅(jian)失敗后(hou)(hou),其大(da)(da)將呂(lv)(lv)光乘機占領(ling)河西擁(yong)兵自(zi)立(li),次年(nian)又鎮(zhen)壓了(le)以張(zhang)大(da)(da)豫、王(wang)(wang)(wang)穆(mu)為首的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)涼殘余勢力(li)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)康(kang)郡(jun)(jun)舉行的(de)(de)(de)叛亂,并(bing)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)389年(nian)建(jian)(jian)立(li)后(hou)(hou)涼,委任(ren)參軍(jun)(jun)段業為建(jian)(jian)康(kang)太(tai)守。第二(er)年(nian),因(yin)呂(lv)(lv)光濫殺(sha)無辜(gu),盧水胡人(ren)(ren)沮渠(qu)、蒙遜擁(yong)立(li)段業為主,以建(jian)(jian)康(kang)郡(jun)(jun)為根據(ju)地(di)糾集(ji)各(ge)部族起兵反(fan)呂(lv)(lv),四年(nian)后(hou)(hou)占領(ling)張(zhang)掖(ye)建(jian)(jian)立(li)北涼,使駱(luo)(luo)(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成為北涼政(zheng)權的(de)(de)(de)發祥地(di)。沮渠(qu)、蒙遜自(zi)段業自(zi)稱涼王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou),為與(yu)西涼李暠爭(zheng)(zheng)霸(ba),于公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)405年(nian)增筑了(le)建(jian)(jian)康(kang)郡(jun)(jun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)歷經北魏、北周250年(nian)后(hou)(hou)至隋代(dai)被(bei)撤銷建(jian)(jian)置降稱福(fu)祿(lu)縣(xian)。唐(tang)武后(hou)(hou)證(zheng)圣元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)695年(nian)),大(da)(da)將王(wang)(wang)(wang)孝杰(jie)在(zai)此置建(jian)(jian)康(kang)軍(jun)(jun),成為甘(gan)、肅兩州之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)事重鎮(zhen),郡(jun)(jun)與(yu)軍(jun)(jun)雖一字(zi)之(zhi)差,但反(fan)映出(chu)地(di)方行政(zheng)與(yu)軍(jun)(jun)事管(guan)制(zhi)兩種(zhong)管(guan)理體制(zhi),軍(jun)(jun)有(you)大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)、中(zhong)(zhong)軍(jun)(jun)、小(xiao)(xiao)軍(jun)(jun)之(zhi)分。大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)置是萬人(ren)(ren)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),中(zhong)(zhong)軍(jun)(jun)五千人(ren)(ren)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)、小(xiao)(xiao)軍(jun)(jun)三千人(ren)(ren)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。建(jian)(jian)康(kang)軍(jun)(jun)是中(zhong)(zhong)等軍(jun)(jun),多時(shi)(shi),屯(tun)兵五千三百人(ren)(ren)。唐(tang)大(da)(da)歷元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)766年(nian)),建(jian)(jian)康(kang)軍(jun)(jun)被(bei)吐蕃攻(gong)陷后(hou)(hou),慘遭屠掠,后(hou)(hou)荒廢,從此淪為牧人(ren)(ren)晚間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)宿營(ying)地(di),被(bei)當作天然的(de)(de)(de)駱(luo)(luo)(luo)駝圈(quan),風靡一時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)故都由此得(de)名駱(luo)(luo)(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沿用至今。
神秘(mi)的(de)(de)駱(luo)(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)曾讓(rang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)產生了許多遐想。相傳,西夏王(wang)李元昊在(zai)攻(gong)打由回鶻駱(luo)(luo)駝王(wang)子(zi)鎮守的(de)(de)駱(luo)(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)時,因城(cheng)(cheng)池堅固久攻(gong)不(bu)下,便命人(ren)用亂木、骷(ku)髏鎮住了從(cong)山(shan)上流向駱(luo)(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)“臭門(men)泉”。斷(duan)水(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)駱(luo)(luo)駝王(wang)子(zi)支持不(bu)住,以(yi)土丘水(shui)(shui)缸假(jia)制米山(shan)面嶺、油缸醋井來(lai)迷惑(huo)城(cheng)(cheng)外重兵,擺出誓同來(lai)敵一決死(si)戰的(de)(de)架勢,而在(zai)背后(hou)(hou)(hou)則(ze)調兵差民開挖了一條(tiao)自城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)直通往今羅城(cheng)(cheng)紅寺(si)坡的(de)(de)地道。一個月黑(hei)風高(gao)的(de)(de)夜晚,駱(luo)(luo)駝王(wang)用餓(e)馬(ma)搖(yao)鈴、懸羊(yang)擂(lei)鼓的(de)(de)手法掩敵耳目(mu),他自己(ji)則(ze)率領城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)軍(jun)民老少潛入地道悄然遠遁(dun)。
解(jie)放(fang)后,考(kao)古(gu)工(gong)作者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)遺址內(nei)采集到(dao)了大量的(de)(de)漢晉(jin)(jin)玉銖(zhu)和唐開(kai)元古(gu)幣及漢、魏晉(jin)(jin)銅(tong)印、箭鏃,城(cheng)南墓群(qun)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)魏晉(jin)(jin)畫(hua)像(xiang)磚、猴形木印、漢晉(jin)(jin)紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)簡牘、彩(cai)繪木馬、木板(ban)畫(hua)、木尺、西晉(jin)(jin)紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)彩(cai)帛旌(jing)銘,五座窯出(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)魏晉(jin)(jin)帛書等(deng)珍(zhen)貴(gui)文(wen)物,為(wei)研究古(gu)代河西歷史提供了豐富直觀的(de)(de)資(zi)料佐證,受到(dao)國家文(wen)物部門(men)的(de)(de)高度重視,多次(ci)出(chu)(chu)國展出(chu)(chu),在(zai)(zai)國際考(kao)古(gu)界引起強烈轟動(dong)。2002年(nian)(nian)8月,甘肅省考(kao)古(gu)研究所在(zai)(zai)北(bei)城(cheng)西南角進行(xing)考(kao)察性考(kao)古(gu)發(fa)掘(jue),發(fa)掘(jue)面積(ji)1000多平方米,出(chu)(chu)土(tu)文(wen)物有唐代開(kai)元通寶(bao)錢幣和方形蓮花紋地磚,據此判斷北(bei)城(cheng)上(shang)面地表(biao)(biao)為(wei)唐代文(wen)化層(ceng),并(bing)根據房屋柱基(ji)被(bei)火焚燒的(de)(de)遺存推斷,駱(luo)駝城(cheng)的(de)(de)廢(fei)棄,與一場大火有關。同時(shi)還發(fa)掘(jue)出(chu)(chu)一眼磚砌水(shui)井,深5.7米,表(biao)(biao)明在(zai)(zai)唐代,駱(luo)駝城(cheng)地表(biao)(biao)水(shui)位在(zai)(zai)5米左(zuo)右,現駱(luo)駝城(cheng)周圍打井,出(chu)(chu)水(shui)層(ceng)在(zai)(zai)34米左(zuo)右,地下(xia)水(shui)位在(zai)(zai)千余年(nian)(nian)歷史過(guo)程中下(xia)降30米左(zuo)右。地下(xia)水(shui)位逐年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降,也(ye)與駱(luo)駝城(cheng)的(de)(de)廢(fei)棄密(mi)切相關。
駱駝(tuo)城(cheng)位于高臺縣城(cheng)西20公(gong)里(li)處。始建(jian)于東晉陲安元年(nian),公(gong)元397年(nian),是后涼(liang)建(jian)康郡太守段業另立(li)年(nian)號建(jian)立(li)的北(bei)(bei)涼(liang)國國都。據《重(zhong)修肅(su)州新志》記載,駱駝(tuo)城(cheng)不但是北(bei)(bei)涼(liang)初建(jian)時的國都,而且是漢代(dai)樂(le)涫縣、唐代(dai)建(jian)康軍的故址。
駱駝城(cheng)面積近30萬平方(fang)米,分前、中、后三城(cheng)。城(cheng)墻基厚6米,殘高7米。除(chu)東北角外,其它三角都筑有長方(fang)形角墩,前部城(cheng)垣東、西、南(nan)三面各開一門并筑有甕(weng)城(cheng),內(nei)城(cheng)南(nan)垣正中辟門并筑甕(weng)城(cheng)與外城(cheng)相通。全城(cheng)布(bu)局(ju)合理,是遺(yi)存較完整的漢唐(tang)故城(cheng)。
明代(dai)詩(shi)人(ren)沈(shen)青崖過高(gao)臺留(liu)詩(shi)道“榆木(mu)山(shan)前古建(jian)康(kang),南(nan)郭風(feng)景繪屯莊(zhuang)。兩行高(gao)柳沙(sha)汀暗(an),一(yi)派平湖水稻香。紫燕泥(ni)穿曲巷(xiang),白鷗沖雨過橫塘。當年畫舸(ge)中流處,談笑行兵寄(ji)羽觴(shang)”。這首詩(shi)道出了當年故城周圍(wei)人(ren)丁(ding)興(xing)旺,水清樹(shu)茂,阡陌縱橫的(de)田野風(feng)光秀色(se)。