駱駝城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址分南(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩(liang)部(bu)分組(zu)成。南(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)一墻之隔,總面積30.77萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長494米(mi)(mi)(mi)、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)425米(mi)(mi)(mi),北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長425米(mi)(mi)(mi)、南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬(kuan)(kuan)210米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)、南(nan)(nan)正(zheng)中(zhong)各辟一門,門外皆有(you)方形甕城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)內西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)角又有(you)一座南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長132米(mi)(mi)(mi)、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)79米(mi)(mi)(mi)的小城(cheng)(cheng),俗(su)(su)稱“宮城(cheng)(cheng)”,城(cheng)(cheng)內有(you)古(gu)井一眼。北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng),俗(su)(su)稱“皇城(cheng)(cheng)”,面積為6.54萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)面正(zheng)中(zhong)筑(zhu)方形甕城(cheng)(cheng),開東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)向城(cheng)(cheng)門,與南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)相通(tong)。城(cheng)(cheng)垣四角均(jun)有(you) 6×6米(mi)(mi)(mi)的方形角墩(dun)。兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)現存(cun)墻垣總長1933米(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)內地(di)(di)表遺(yi)存(cun)有(you)漢一唐時代的磚、瓦、陶片,北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)內有(you)建筑(zhu)遺(yi)跡9處。城(cheng)(cheng)內地(di)(di)表散見焦獸骨、灰陶片,出土過漢五(wu)銖錢幣、陶紡輪、唐代銅(tong)器(qi)和鐵(tie)器(qi)等。
從整體上看又分外廊、宮城(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)三層,外城(cheng)(cheng)的甕城(cheng)(cheng)、馬面(mian)、敵臺、角墩、城(cheng)(cheng)垣等輔助(zhu)設(she)施(shi)一(yi)應(ying)俱全,基(ji)本完好。在城(cheng)(cheng)西南2公里處,還有俗稱(cheng)“羊蹄鼓城(cheng)(cheng)”的小方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng),長(chang)55米,寬40米,向東(dong)開一(yi)小城(cheng)(cheng)門,系主城(cheng)(cheng)外圍防御堡壘(lei),二者遙相呼應(ying),互(hu)為犄角之(zhi)勢。統觀全城(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)構嚴密(mi)精(jing)巧,氣勢宏(hong)偉雄壯,歷經千年仍巍(wei)然屹立,充分展示了古人在軍事工程設(she)計施(shi)工方(fang)面(mian)的高超(chao)水平。
遺址周(zhou)圍(wei)還有(you)城(cheng)南墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、城(cheng)東(dong)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群和(he)五座窯(yao)遺址。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群以城(cheng)址為中心,分(fen)布在(zai)城(cheng)南、西、北(bei)三(san)面。城(cheng)南墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群距城(cheng)址南2公(gong)里(li),面積27平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),有(you)封土(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)近2000余(yu)座。封土(tu)(tu)堆呈圓形或(huo)方(fang)(fang)形,有(you)土(tu)(tu)壙(kuang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)兩種(zhong)。出土(tu)(tu)有(you)大量的彩繪(hui)畫(hua)像磚(zhuan)(zhuan),內容(rong)有(you)伏羲、女媧、農耕、畜牧、家居等,并出土(tu)(tu)有(you)前涼(liang)時期的木牘(du)、木俑及(ji)西晉時期的彩帛(bo)旌(jing)銘、木版畫(hua)。城(cheng)西南墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群距城(cheng)址西南1公(gong)里(li)處(chu),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)均為高(gao)大的方(fang)(fang)形夯土(tu)(tu)墩(dun),土(tu)(tu)墩(dun)底(di)邊長6一(yi)8米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)5一(yi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi),為五涼(liang)時期墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang),經發(fa)掘(jue)為磚(zhuan)(zhuan)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)土(tu)(tu)壙(kuang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),出土(tu)(tu)有(you)彩繪(hui)畫(hua)像磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、胡運子衣物疏、紅紗旌(jing)銘、青海(hai)神樹等,城(cheng)北(bei)1.5公(gong)里(li)處(chu)有(you)古(gu)窯(yao)址9座,窯(yao)底(di)周(zhou)長50米(mi)(mi)(mi),窯(yao)高(gao)8—10米(mi)(mi)(mi),地表散見大量磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦、陶(tao)器殘片和(he)少量墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)。
可(ke)(ke)乘火車(che)、長途汽(qi)車(che)前往觀光、考古,當地有(you)住宿。粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面筋(jin)是當地的(de)(de)特色美食。農民秋收后(hou),家家戶(hu)戶(hu)要晾(liang)(liang)(liang)腸粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面筋(jin)。一(yi)來秋收后(hou)農閑;二(er)來用(yong)(yong)新麥面做(zuo)面筋(jin)質量好;三是因(yin)為(wei)馬蓮成熟。可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)來晾(liang)(liang)(liang)曬(shai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面筋(jin)。粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面筋(jin)的(de)(de)制作過程較復(fu)雜,由白面加水(shui)拌和(he)揉洗,將洗出的(de)(de)淀粉(fen)(fen)(fen)加熱煮沸,放(fang)冷凝固,切片(pian)晾(liang)(liang)(liang)干,即成粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)。剩(sheng)下的(de)(de)面筋(jin)蒸熟或(huo)絡熟切片(pian)晾(liang)(liang)(liang)干即可(ke)(ke)。做(zuo)好的(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)皮(pi)面筋(jin),都用(yong)(yong)馬蓮絲扎成小把,貯存起來。食用(yong)(yong)時用(yong)(yong)涼(liang)水(shui)臨時浸泡,即可(ke)(ke)做(zuo)湯、炒萊(lai),又可(ke)(ke)加蔥末、蒜泥(ni)、辣椒(jiao)油、鹽及醋等涼(liang)拌而(er)食,冷熱葷素隨人口味(wei)而(er)制,方(fang)便實惠,風味(wei)獨特。
據(ju)(ju)史(shi)書記載和學(xue)術考(kao)證,駱(luo)駝(tuo)(tuo)城(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)西漢表(biao)是(shi)縣地震后(hou)前(qian)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)于距(ju)縣城(cheng)西南20公里處新建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治所(suo)。西晉(jin)(jin)滅亡后(hou),割(ge)據(ju)(ju)河(he)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)張氏政權為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安置(zhi)關(guan)內來投的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難民,在駱(luo)駝(tuo)(tuo)城(cheng)故址建(jian)(jian)(jian)郡(jun),并(bing)以(yi)東晉(jin)(jin)王(wang)朝都“建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)”來命名(ming),借此標(biao)榜效忠(zhong)晉(jin)(jin)王(wang)室(shi)來爭取北方(fang)漢人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支持,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)戰亂給(gei)駱(luo)駝(tuo)(tuo)城(cheng)歷史(shi)烙下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊印記。此后(hou)前(qian)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)于公元(yuan)(yuan)376年(nian)(nian)被(bei)前(qian)秦所(suo)滅,建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)郡(jun)首(shou)次易主(zhu)。淝水之戰前(qian)秦苻堅失(shi)敗后(hou),其大(da)將呂光乘機占領河(he)西擁兵(bing)自(zi)立(li),次年(nian)(nian)又鎮壓了(le)以(yi)張大(da)豫、王(wang)穆為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)殘余勢力在建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)郡(jun)舉行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叛(pan)亂,并(bing)于公元(yuan)(yuan)389年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)后(hou)涼(liang)(liang)(liang),委任參軍(jun)(jun)段業(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)太(tai)守。第二(er)年(nian)(nian),因呂光濫殺無辜,盧水胡人(ren)(ren)沮渠、蒙遜擁立(li)段業(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),以(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)郡(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地糾(jiu)集各部族起兵(bing)反呂,四年(nian)(nian)后(hou)占領張掖建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)北涼(liang)(liang)(liang),使駱(luo)駝(tuo)(tuo)城(cheng)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北涼(liang)(liang)(liang)政權的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發祥地。沮渠、蒙遜自(zi)段業(ye)自(zi)稱(cheng)涼(liang)(liang)(liang)王(wang)后(hou),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與西涼(liang)(liang)(liang)李暠(gao)爭霸,于公元(yuan)(yuan)405年(nian)(nian)增筑了(le)建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)郡(jun)城(cheng)。在歷經北魏、北周250年(nian)(nian)后(hou)至隋代被(bei)撤銷建(jian)(jian)(jian)置(zhi)降稱(cheng)福祿縣。唐(tang)武后(hou)證圣元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)695年(nian)(nian)),大(da)將王(wang)孝杰在此置(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)軍(jun)(jun),成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甘、肅兩(liang)州之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)事重鎮,郡(jun)與軍(jun)(jun)雖一字之差,但反映出地方(fang)行政與軍(jun)(jun)事管制(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)種管理體制(zhi)(zhi),軍(jun)(jun)有大(da)軍(jun)(jun)、中(zhong)軍(jun)(jun)、小軍(jun)(jun)之分(fen)。大(da)軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)置(zhi)是(shi)萬人(ren)(ren)左(zuo)右,中(zhong)軍(jun)(jun)五(wu)千人(ren)(ren)左(zuo)右、小軍(jun)(jun)三(san)千人(ren)(ren)左(zuo)右。建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)軍(jun)(jun)是(shi)中(zhong)等軍(jun)(jun),多時(shi),屯兵(bing)五(wu)千三(san)百人(ren)(ren)。唐(tang)大(da)歷元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)766年(nian)(nian)),建(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)軍(jun)(jun)被(bei)吐蕃(fan)攻陷后(hou),慘遭屠掠,后(hou)荒廢,從此淪(lun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牧人(ren)(ren)晚間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宿營地,被(bei)當作天(tian)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)駱(luo)駝(tuo)(tuo)圈(quan),風靡一時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故都由此得(de)名(ming)駱(luo)駝(tuo)(tuo)城(cheng)沿用至今。
神秘的(de)(de)(de)(de)駱駝(tuo)城(cheng)(cheng)曾讓后(hou)(hou)人(ren)產生了許多遐想。相傳,西夏王(wang)(wang)李(li)元昊在(zai)攻打由回鶻駱駝(tuo)王(wang)(wang)子鎮守的(de)(de)(de)(de)駱駝(tuo)城(cheng)(cheng)時,因城(cheng)(cheng)池堅固久攻不下,便命(ming)人(ren)用亂木(mu)、骷髏鎮住了從山上(shang)流向駱駝(tuo)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“臭門(men)泉(quan)”。斷水(shui)后(hou)(hou)駱駝(tuo)王(wang)(wang)子支持不住,以(yi)土丘水(shui)缸假制米山面嶺、油缸醋井來(lai)迷(mi)惑(huo)城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)重兵,擺出誓同來(lai)敵一決死戰的(de)(de)(de)(de)架(jia)勢(shi),而在(zai)背后(hou)(hou)則(ze)調(diao)兵差民開挖了一條(tiao)自(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)直通往今羅城(cheng)(cheng)紅寺坡的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)道。一個月黑風高的(de)(de)(de)(de)夜晚,駱駝(tuo)王(wang)(wang)用餓馬(ma)搖(yao)鈴、懸(xuan)羊擂鼓的(de)(de)(de)(de)手法掩敵耳目,他自(zi)己則(ze)率領城(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)軍民老(lao)少潛入地(di)道悄然遠(yuan)遁。
解放后,考(kao)(kao)古(gu)工作者在(zai)(zai)(zai)遺(yi)址內采集(ji)到了大(da)量的漢晉玉(yu)銖(zhu)和唐(tang)(tang)開元古(gu)幣及(ji)漢、魏(wei)晉銅印、箭鏃,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南墓群出土的魏(wei)晉畫像磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、猴形木(mu)印、漢晉紀(ji)年簡牘、彩(cai)繪(hui)木(mu)馬(ma)、木(mu)板畫、木(mu)尺、西晉紀(ji)年彩(cai)帛(bo)旌銘(ming),五座窯(yao)出土的魏(wei)晉帛(bo)書等珍貴文(wen)(wen)物(wu),為研(yan)究(jiu)古(gu)代河西歷史提供(gong)了豐富直觀的資料佐證(zheng),受到國家文(wen)(wen)物(wu)部(bu)門的高度重視,多次出國展出,在(zai)(zai)(zai)國際考(kao)(kao)古(gu)界引起強烈(lie)轟動(dong)。2002年8月,甘(gan)肅省考(kao)(kao)古(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)所在(zai)(zai)(zai)北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西南角進行(xing)考(kao)(kao)察性考(kao)(kao)古(gu)發掘(jue),發掘(jue)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1000多平方米,出土文(wen)(wen)物(wu)有唐(tang)(tang)代開元通寶錢(qian)幣和方形蓮花紋地(di)磚(zhuan)(zhuan),據此判斷北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上面(mian)(mian)地(di)表(biao)為唐(tang)(tang)代文(wen)(wen)化(hua)層(ceng),并根(gen)據房屋(wu)柱基被火(huo)焚燒的遺(yi)存推斷,駱駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的廢棄,與一(yi)場(chang)大(da)火(huo)有關。同(tong)時(shi)還發掘(jue)出一(yi)眼(yan)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)水(shui)井,深(shen)5.7米,表(biao)明在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)代,駱駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)表(biao)水(shui)位在(zai)(zai)(zai)5米左右,現駱駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周圍打井,出水(shui)層(ceng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)34米左右,地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位在(zai)(zai)(zai)千余年歷史過程中下(xia)降30米左右。地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位逐(zhu)年下(xia)降,也與駱駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的廢棄密切相關。
駱駝(tuo)城(cheng)(cheng)位于(yu)高臺(tai)縣城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)20公里處(chu)。始建(jian)于(yu)東晉(jin)陲安元年(nian)(nian),公元397年(nian)(nian),是(shi)(shi)后涼(liang)(liang)建(jian)康郡太守(shou)段業另立年(nian)(nian)號(hao)建(jian)立的(de)北涼(liang)(liang)國(guo)國(guo)都。據《重修肅州新(xin)志》記載,駱駝(tuo)城(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)但是(shi)(shi)北涼(liang)(liang)初建(jian)時的(de)國(guo)都,而且是(shi)(shi)漢代樂涫縣、唐代建(jian)康軍的(de)故(gu)址。
駱(luo)駝城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面積近30萬平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),分前(qian)(qian)、中、后三(san)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻基厚6米(mi)(mi),殘高7米(mi)(mi)。除東北角(jiao)外(wai),其它三(san)角(jiao)都筑有(you)長方(fang)形角(jiao)墩,前(qian)(qian)部城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣東、西、南三(san)面各開一(yi)門并筑有(you)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南垣正中辟門并筑甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相通。全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)布局(ju)合理(li),是(shi)遺存較完整(zheng)的(de)漢唐(tang)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
明代詩(shi)人沈青崖過(guo)高臺留(liu)詩(shi)道“榆木(mu)山前古建康(kang),南(nan)郭(guo)風(feng)景繪屯(tun)莊。兩行高柳沙汀暗,一派(pai)平湖(hu)水稻香。紫燕泥穿曲巷(xiang),白(bai)鷗(ou)沖雨過(guo)橫塘。當年畫舸(ge)中流處,談笑行兵寄羽觴”。這(zhe)首(shou)詩(shi)道出(chu)了當年故城周圍人丁興旺(wang),水清樹(shu)茂,阡陌縱橫的田野(ye)風(feng)光秀色。