芒果视频下载

簡介

廣(guang)西興安(an)縣秦(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)位于廣(guang)西桂林(lin)地(di)(di)區(qu)興安(an)縣城(cheng)(cheng)西南(nan)20公里(li)的的溶江鎮靈渠與漓江匯合(he)的三角(jiao)洲處，占(zhan)地(di)(di)6平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。1956年(nian)調查，1990-1991年(nian)初步發掘，1993年(nian)鉆探，經鑒定為秦(qin)(qin)(qin)漢(han)時(shi)(shi)期古城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)始皇三十三年(nian)（公元(yuan)前214年(nian)）南(nan)開(kai)五嶺(ling)時(shi)(shi)所筑。宋文獻中(zhong)稱秦(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)。現存(cun)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)四處：馬家渡口墻垣殘(can)跡(ji)500米(mi)，殘(can)高1.2-2米(mi)，城(cheng)(cheng)壕1500米(mi)；七(qi)星長方(fang)形土城(cheng)(cheng)，東西長300米(mi)，南(nan)北寬200多(duo)米(mi)，墻體完整，分內外城(cheng)(cheng)。現廣(guang)西壯(zhuang)族(zu)自(zi)治區(qu)人民政府把(ba)“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)”作為重點文物保(bao)護單位。

內容

秦城(cheng)遺址是(shi)秦始皇(huang)修(xiu)建靈渠、統一(yi)(yi)嶺(ling)南的(de)屯兵遺址、軍事要塞，現在發現的(de)主要有四處(chu)： 一(yi)(yi)是(shi)馬家(jia)渡至大營村的(de)“城(cheng)墻梗子” 二是(shi)七里圩村南大溶江邊的(de)“王城(cheng)” 三(san)是(shi)道濟與太(tai)和(he)堡之間兩道土城(cheng) 四是(shi)在靈渠出口處(chu)與大溶江匯(hui)合處(chu)的(de)水銜。

已(yi)發現的(de)“大(da)營”秦城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址主要(yao)有(you)四處(chu)：一(yi)是(shi)位(wei)于大(da)營村(cun)的(de)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)埂子(zi)”，二是(shi)位(wei)于七里圩村(cun)的(de)“王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”，三是(shi)位(wei)于道(dao)濟(ji)村(cun)的(de)土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，四是(shi)位(wei)于靈渠(qu)出口處(chu)的(de)水(shui)街土(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。除了(le)這幾處(chu)，在(zai)(zai)十多平(ping)方公里范圍內(nei)，還(huan)有(you)散布(bu)著許多墩(dun)臺、壕溝、土(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，布(bu)局縱橫交錯，古(gu)戰場遺跡(ji)歷(li)歷(li)在(zai)(zai)目。“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)埂子(zi)”呈東北(bei)——西(xi)南(nan)(nan)走(zou)向，從馬家(jia)渡(du)口至大(da)營村(cun)西(xi)丘(qiu)陵高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)達三里多路，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之上(shang)寬可縱馬飛奔。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)面(mian)的(de)靈渠(qu)為東西(xi)走(zou)向，與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)斜向并行，在(zai)(zai)馬家(jia)渡(du)口與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交匯處(chu)，現存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東端(duan)距靈渠(qu)僅數十米(mi)(mi)。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)，處(chu)處(chu)可監控靈渠(qu)，看來，這一(yi)道(dao)“長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”對靈渠(qu)的(de)護衛非常重要(yao)。秦城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址中保(bao)存(cun)完好的(de)是(shi)七里圩村(cun)南(nan)(nan)大(da)溶(rong)江(jiang)邊的(de)的(de)“王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。，“王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”北(bei)距古(gu)嚴(yan)關15公里，地(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦，兩邊則高(gao)(gao)山連綿，靈渠(qu)和大(da)溶(rong)江(jiang)流經東西(xi)。“王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘(can)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東西(xi)長(chang)約300米(mi)(mi)，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬約200米(mi)(mi)，墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)厚5至8米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)2至4米(mi)(mi)；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外周圍還(huan)筑有(you)約10米(mi)(mi)寬的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕和墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體高(gao)(gao)厚約1米(mi)(mi)的(de)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；內(nei)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)本都(dou)是(shi)長(chang)方形，整座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像一(yi)個“回”字，僅在(zai)(zai)北(bei)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)及(ji)一(yi)突(tu)出的(de)平(ping)臺；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四角(jiao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)且厚，向往(wang)外突(tu)出，古(gu)時應建有(you)角(jiao)樓。

高大(da)的城(cheng)墻，寬而深的城(cheng)壕，角樓(lou)、馬面(mian)、單(dan)城(cheng)門的設置(zhi)，以及出土的兵器，顯露出軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事防御的氣息。說明秦(qin)城(cheng)整(zheng)體上是(shi)一座規模宏大(da)的軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事要(yao)塞，而“王城(cheng)”則是(shi)其中(zhong)一座具有軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事性(xing)質的古城(cheng)，應是(shi)秦(qin)漢時期駐軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的指揮機構所(suo)在地。

秦城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)中規模宏大(da)的(de)(de)(de)是位于(yu)通(tong)濟村的(de)(de)(de)“土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。稱“土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”不(bu)(bu)過(guo)是為了(le)與(yu)“王城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”有(you)(you)(you)區別，這(zhe)“土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”之(zhi)稱實為杜撰，不(bu)(bu)必當真。找“土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”先問遺址(zhi)保(bao)護(hu)標志，好不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易在荒(huang)草(cao)叢中發現(xian)了(le)這(zhe)少為人知的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)碑。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈長方形(xing)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)北長約(yue)1000米(mi)，東(dong)西寬約(yue)400米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣東(dong)臨靈(ling)渠(qu)，西瀕大(da)溶江(jiang)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)起通(tong)濟村，北至(zhi)太和(he)堡，雄據于(yu)兩水(shui)三角洲上(shang)。王城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣外(wai)掘有(you)(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)(hao)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)(hao)外(wai)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。可惜的(de)(de)(de)是，西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣沿大(da)溶江(jiang)一線已毀，筆(bi)直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣修筑(zhu)成公路，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)(hao)改(gai)造成水(shui)渠(qu)。北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣則因開(kai)挖農田(tian)，斷斷續續的(de)(de)(de)已殘缺(que)成土墩(dun)，唯(wei)東(dong)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)兩面城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣仍在，雄視靈(ling)渠(qu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北。通(tong)濟村“土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣有(you)(you)(you)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)分，內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)間(jian)掘有(you)(you)(you)約(yue)20米(mi)寬的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)(hao)。

秦(qin)城(cheng)中險要的(de)(de)(de)是位(wei)于“水(shui)街”北的(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)(ling)河口遺址，水(shui)街位(wei)置原在(zai)窄(zhai)小的(de)(de)(de)三角(jiao)洲上，而今早已廢(fei)棄。因(yin)古(gu)水(shui)街在(zai)1952年被洪(hong)水(shui)沖毀，政(zheng)府將(jiang)“水(shui)街”村民(min)遷到(dao)靈(ling)(ling)渠(qu)以(yi)東老(lao)溶(rong)江鎮以(yi)南(nan)，已遠離靈(ling)(ling)河口秦(qin)城(cheng)遺址。靈(ling)(ling)河口秦(qin)城(cheng)遺址城(cheng)垣殘存約200米，東起靈(ling)(ling)渠(qu)，西(xi)至(zhi)大(da)溶(rong)江，南(nan)為匯流后的(de)(de)(de)漓江，雖彈丸之地，卻控制著三江航道，堪稱(cheng)一壘當關，萬(wan)船莫開。當走遍秦(qin)城(cheng)，才認(ren)識到(dao)這(zhe)古(gu)秦(qin)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)軍事意義(yi)非(fei)同凡響：北的(de)(de)(de)大(da)營“長城(cheng)”、中部的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)濟方城(cheng)、南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)河口城(cheng)堡，沿靈(ling)(ling)渠(qu)西(xi)岸層(ceng)層(ceng)設(she)防，固(gu)若(ruo)金湯。

靠西(xi)(xi)的七(qi)里圩(wei)“王城”西(xi)(xi)臨大溶江(jiang)，據江(jiang)流天險，相對安(an)全，其(qi)東南與通濟土城、河口(kou)城堡相呼應，西(xi)(xi)北與大營長城相依(yi)托，是軍(jun)事指(zhi)揮的位(wei)置。

古代地位

興安(an)縣地(di)處廣西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東北,地(di)勢高,境(jing)內(nei)多山,五嶺中的(de)(de)(de)(de)越城、都龐二嶺穿過(guo)縣內(nei)在二嶺之間(jian)形成一條較為平坦的(de)(de)(de)(de)狹長地(di)帶,這就是歷史上(shang)嶺南(nan)(nan)與中原往來、荊(jing)楚南(nan)(nan)下(xia)廣西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交通要(yao)道湘桂走廊。秦城就位(wei)于這條通道的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)端,地(di)處靈(ling)渠與大(da)溶(rong)江匯合處的(de)(de)(de)(de)三角洲上(shang)(圖一)。自嚴(yan)關以(yi)南(nan)(nan),經(jing)白竹鋪(pu)到小溶(rong)江口(kou)15里(li)間(jian),地(di)勢平坦。

秦城處在湘(xiang)桂走(zou)廊(lang)一片肥(fei)沃的稻(dao)田區(qu)。

歷史記載

宋以(yi)前文獻無記(ji)載(zai)，宋代及其以(yi)后(hou)的文獻都稱之為“秦城(cheng)”。

《輿地(di)志》載(zai)：“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，昔秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)謫戍(shu)之所(suo)”。南宋范成(cheng)大說：“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，相傳秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)始(shi)(shi)皇(huang)發兵戍(shu)五嶺(ling)之地(di)”。明鄺露撰(zhuan)《赤(chi)雅·秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》亦載(zai)“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)始(shi)(shi)皇(huang)發卒戍(shu)五嶺(ling)地(di)為秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。……秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)取桂林、象郡，兵勒湘南，據其喉咽，臨融漓(li)二水間(jian)”，所(suo)以秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)就是“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)營”，是當(dang)(dang)年秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍駐守(shou)之地(di)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址位于越城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、都(dou)龐二嶺(ling)孔道，其間(jian)地(di)勢(shi)平坦，四周高(gao)山(shan)綿亙，大溶江旁依而過(guo)，背靠天險嚴關，足見其形(xing)勢(shi)的(de)險要，是典(dian)型的(de)防守(shou)要塞，是當(dang)(dang)時秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)軍被西甌部落圍困的(de)地(di)方。

宋(song)以前文獻無記載，宋(song)代(dai)及其以后(hou)的文獻都稱(cheng)之為“秦城”。北宋(song)詩人(ren)曹輔、南宋(song)詩人(ren)張孝祥都有(you)《古秦城》詩，劉克莊有(you)《秦城》詩。

周去非《嶺外代答》對其地理位置及形勝(sheng)有(you)較詳細記載：“湘水之南，靈(ling)渠(qu)之口，大溶(rong)江小溶(rong)江之間，有(you)遺堞存焉，名曰(yue)秦城……”。

發掘由來

秦(qin)城(cheng)又稱越城(cheng),相(xiang)傳為秦(qin)始皇發兵戍五嶺之地但(dan)在(zai)多次的(de)調查中均未(wei)發現秦(qin)代的(de)遺(yi)物(wu)(wu),在(zai)城(cheng)址內所采集到的(de)大量陶質磚瓦片和各類器(qi)物(wu)(wu)大都是(shi)漢(han)代及漢(han)以(yi)后的(de)遺(yi)物(wu)(wu),因此對(dui)城(cheng)址的(de)建筑年(nian)代有(you)著(zhu)不同的(de)看(kan)法。

1947年(nian)，廣西省(sheng)文獻委(wei)員會提(ti)交的興安古跡采訪報告書中(zhong)，曾經分析(xi)過秦城遺址的形(xing)勢。

1957年5～7月(yue)，廣西(xi)省文物(wu)管理委員會派人對(dui)興安文物(wu)古跡(ji)進(jin)行調(diao)查，提交了一份報告書，認為當時(shi)秦(qin)城遺址(zhi)較顯(xian)著的(de)(de)有四處，即馬家渡口南(nan)岸(an)的(de)(de)“城墻埂子”，七(qi)里圩南(nan)端(duan)的(de)(de)“王(wang)城”，通濟村、太和堡之間的(de)(de)“漢城”，水街(jie)北端(duan)的(de)(de)“漕田”。當時(shi)鉆探過水街(jie)北的(de)(de)城基，證(zheng)明確是(shi)人力所(suo)筑。

為(wei)更(geng)加清楚地了解城(cheng)(cheng)址的(de)(de)時代、性質,以(yi)及城(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布局、城(cheng)(cheng)市設施(shi)和筑(zhu)(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)法(fa),以(yi)便更(geng)好地對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)址進(jin)行保護和研究,廣(guang)西(xi)壯族自(zi)治區文物工作隊在興安(an)縣(xian)博物館的(de)(de)配合(he)下,從1990年(nian)起對(dui)秦(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址之一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)七里燈王城(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行獷科學的(de)(de)測繪、勘探(tan)與發(fa)掘(jue)。至1996年(nian)止,共發(fa)掘(jue)面積331平方(fang)米,獲取了大(da)量文化遺物,發(fa)現(xian)了建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)遺跡,使我們對(dui)秦(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址有了初(chu)步的(de)(de)認(ren)識。

遺址結構

遺址大體為長方形，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)約(yue)(yue)800米(mi)，南(nan)北約(yue)(yue)600米(mi)，城(cheng)(cheng)墻尚存(cun)，但西(xi)(xi)南(nan)角已遭(zao)潮(chao)白河(he)侵蝕破壞(huai)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻殘(can)高5米(mi)，寬(kuan)20多米(mi)，為夯土(tu)筑墻，夯土(tu)層(ceng)厚10～20厘米(mi)。此城(cheng)(cheng)廢棄約(yue)(yue)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)漢(han)末年(nian)。出土(tu)文(wen)物以(yi)秦(qin)(qin)漢(han)時(shi)代居多，有石(shi)斧、青銅(tong)劍、陶器殘(can)片等。較有價值的(de)(de)是(shi)秦(qin)(qin)塔式紐銅(tong)印(yin)、漢(han)青銅(tong)盆、“大富牢罌”陶甕。該遺址為天津市(shi)早期(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)址之(zhi)一，處于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)漢(han)雍(yong)奴縣治的(de)(de)位置。秦(qin)(qin)甌戰爭時(shi)期(qi)，秦(qin)(qin)軍由于(yu)(yu)遭(zao)遇西(xi)(xi)甌部落處處堵擊，欲進不得，欲罷不能，陷于(yu)(yu)“曠日持久，糧食(shi)絕乏(fa)”和(he)“宿兵無用(yong)之(zhi)地(di)”的(de)(de)困境，只能駐(zhu)守險要地(di)區，因而駐(zhu)扎(zha)在(zai)今興安縣的(de)(de)大、小(xiao)溶(rong)江之(zhi)間。修(xiu)建城(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)，派(pai)兵駐(zhu)屯，以(yi)防西(xi)(xi)甌人(ren)的(de)(de)進襲(xi)。后人(ren)把這(zhe)城(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)稱為秦(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)。二千多年(nian)的(de)(de)時(shi)間過去了(le)，該地(di)至今還保存(cun)有“秦(qin)(qin)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址”。這(zhe)遺址周約(yue)(yue)二十(shi)公里，有“大營”和(he)“小(xiao)營”之(zhi)分。古戰壕和(he)古城(cheng)(cheng)垣的(de)(de)痕跡(ji)依(yi)然歷歷在(zai)目，顯然是(shi)當年(nian)十(shi)萬秦(qin)(qin)軍駐(zhu)扎(zha)的(de)(de)地(di)方。