重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)碾(nian)群位于黃平(ping)縣重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)鎮東南(nan)400米處的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)江(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)心沙(sha)(sha)洲上(shang)(shang)。水(shui)(shui)碾(nian)群始(shi)建于明(ming)代,據(ju)《明(ming)史·卷三百一十二·四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)土司(si)(si)二》記載:“洪武四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)蜀(shu),遣使(shi)諭之。五年(nian)(nian),領安(an)(an)撫司(si)(si)二,曰草塘,曰黃平(ping);長官司(si)(si)六,曰真(zhen)州,曰播州,曰余(yu)慶,曰白泥,曰容山,曰重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)”。永樂四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(1406)設(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)長官司(si)(si),弘治元年(nian)(nian)(1488)設(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)守(shou)御千戶所(suo),并(bing)屯兵于重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)江(jiang)(jiang)堡(bao)上(shang)(shang)。大量屯軍的(de)涌入,帶(dai)來中原各地(di)先進的(de)文化和生產方(fang)式,他們(men)利用重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)(an)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)隆(long)起(qi)的(de)沙(sha)(sha)洲大規模建造水(shui)(shui)碾(nian),取(qu)替土著居民(min)仍(reng)用石碓舂米的(de)原始(shi)勞作(zuo)。
建造重安江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)碾(nian)群選址考究。此段江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)被(bei)沙洲從中剖(pou)開,形成南高(gao)北(bei)低兩支(zhi)河道,高(gao)差為(wei)1.12米。水(shui)(shui)碾(nian)水(shui)(shui)輪(lun)深藏沙洲腹部,每個碾(nian)房從開入水(shui)(shui)孔兩眼引江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)沖擊水(shui)(shui)輪(lun),南北(bei)江(jiang)面高(gao)差產生的水(shui)(shui)力足以使(shi)水(shui)(shui)輪(lun)旋轉(zhuan)并帶動滾輪(lun)工作。余(yu)水(shui)(shui)匯入北(bei)支(zhi)河道。
重(zhong)安江(jiang)水碾(nian)群規模宏大(da),明末(mo)為(wei)其鼎盛時(shi)期,共有40余座(zuo)。水碾(nian)群現存碾(nian)房19座(zuo),沿沙洲“一”字順江(jiang)排(pai)列。雨季(ji),碾(nian)房草棚(peng)常被洪峰卷(juan)走(zou),但沉(chen)重(zhong)的石(shi)滾輪和(he)藏(zang)于(yu)沙洲腹部的水輪卻安然無恙。
水碾(nian)的原始(shi)功能(neng)是用(yong)于谷物脫殼去麩,隨著(zhu)打(da)米(mi)機普及,重安江水碾(nian)群(qun)的原始(shi)功能(neng)逐(zhu)漸減弱。土(tu)改時(shi)水碾(nian)劃(hua)歸集(ji)體,上(shang)世紀80年代(dai)后由生產隊陸續賣給周、潘、楊(yang)、沈等(deng)姓(xing)農民,目(mu)前仍(reng)有13座正常使用(yong),主要用(yong)于碾(nian)桐籽榨油、碾(nian)竹材造(zao)紙、碾(nian)做香的原料粉末等(deng)。
重安江水(shui)碾保(bao)留了(le)古老的歷史信(xin)息,是(shi)重安江上(shang)一道亮麗的文(wen)化景觀(guan)。