芒果视频下载

地理位置

普定穿洞遺址位于貴州省普定縣(xian)城西 5公(gong)里處的(de)一座孤山上。

歷史沿革

普定穿(chuan)洞(dong)遺址是舊石器(qi)時代晚(wan)期遺址。

1979 年(nian)5月試掘，獲得大(da)量石器(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)。

1981年5月，中(zhong)國(guo)科學院和(he)貴州省博(bo)物(wu)館聯合(he)發掘，出土石器、骨(gu)器、動物(wu)化石和(he)人類化石2000多件，為研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)國(guo)西(xi)南原(yuan)始社會(hui)提供(gong)了豐(feng)富(fu)的實(shi)物(wu)資料(liao)。

迄今為(wei)止(zhi)已(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現的(de)早、中(zhong)(zhong)、晚三個時(shi)期的(de)舊石器時(shi)代遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)50處(chu)，已(yi)正(zheng)式發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)20多(duo)處(chu)，主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)黔西觀音(yin)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、桐(tong)梓巖灰(hui)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、水城硝灰(hui)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、興(xing)(xing)義(yi)貓(mao)貓(mao)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、普(pu)(pu)定(ding)穿(chuan)(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、六(liu)枝(zhi)桃(tao)花洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)的(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，不僅(jin)出土(tu)(tu)了(le)(le)打制石器、骨器、哺乳動物化(hua)石，而且還發(fa)(fa)(fa)現了(le)(le)一批(pi)(pi)人類牙齒、頜骨、股(gu)骨、頭骨等化(hua)石，分別被命名為(wei)“桐(tong)梓猿人”、“水城人”、“興(xing)(xing)義(yi)人”、“穿(chuan)(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)人”。1982年至(zhi)1992年考古工作者在(zai)桐(tong)梓盤縣大(da)洞(dong)(dong)舊石器文化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)是在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國南方(fang)新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現的(de)古人類遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)，被列為(wei)1993 年全國十大(da)考古成果之首(shou)。其次是商周至(zhi)秦漢(han)(han)時(shi)期的(de)考古。主(zhu)要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)的(de)有(you)(you)普(pu)(pu)定(ding)銅(tong)(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、赫章可樂墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)、安順寧谷墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)、興(xing)(xing)義(yi)萬屯漢(han)(han)墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)、興(xing)(xing)義(yi)交(jiao)樂漢(han)(han)墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)、仁懷合(he)馬(ma)東漢(han)(han)墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)。普(pu)(pu)定(ding)銅(tong)(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)出土(tu)(tu)的(de)冶銅(tong)(tong)坩(gan)鍋和一批(pi)(pi)石范(fan)石模，為(wei)研究貴州(zhou)(zhou)冶鑄(zhu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展史提(ti)供了(le)(le)戰國至(zhi)秦漢(han)(han)之際(ji)的(de)實物依據。此(ci)外，在(zai)貴州(zhou)(zhou)還發(fa)(fa)(fa)現了(le)(le)許多(duo)墓(mu)葬方(fang)式不同的(de)少(shao)數民族(zu)墓(mu)葬。

穿(chuan)洞古(gu)人(ren)類遺址(zhi)(zhi)經國(guo)家(jia)考(kao)古(gu)隊(dui)兩次發(fa)掘，出土人(ren)類完整頭骨(gu)兩件(jian)，哺(bu)乳動(dong)物碎骨(gu)18,000件(jian)，單個(ge)牙齒500多枚，動(dong)物化石13個(ge)屬(shu)或種；出土石制器(qi)(qi)物20,000余件(jian)，骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)1,000余件(jian)，以骨(gu)錐多，另有(you)骨(gu)鏟、骨(gu)針、骨(gu)棒等。此外，發(fa)現用火遺跡多處。穿(chuan)洞古(gu)人(ren)類遺址(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)處發(fa)現兩具(ju)頭骨(gu)至今國(guo)內無先例(li)，出土的骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)，超過全國(guo)發(fa)現總和30倍，一(yi)舉(ju)摘掉我國(guo)舊石器(qi)(qi)文(wen)化中貧骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)的帽子，世界罕見(jian)。穿(chuan)洞古(gu)人(ren)類遺址(zhi)(zhi)具(ju)有(you)極其重(zhong)要的考(kao)古(gu)研究(jiu)價值，被中科(ke)院(yuan)專家(jia)們(men)譽為(wei)“亞洲文(wen)明之燈”，現擬(ni)建(jian)“穿(chuan)洞古(gu)人(ren)類遺址(zhi)(zhi)博物館”。1988年1月，經國(guo)務院(yuan)批準，公布(bu)為(wei)全國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。

文物價值

長(chang)江三峽(xia)地(di)區(qu)目(mu)20世紀50年代發現(xian)長(chang)陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)后，相繼又(you)發現(xian)有(you)(you)建始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、巫(wu)山(shan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、奉節人(ren)(ren)(ren)等8處古人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)地(di)點(dian)，這使三峽(xia)地(di)區(qu)成(cheng)為世界(jie)上人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)分(fen)布密集的(de)地(di)區(qu)之一。但(dan)是，由于三峽(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)完(wan)整程度不太好(hao)(以前(qian)沒(mei)有(you)(you)出(chu)土較完(wan)整的(de)顱骨(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi))，導致人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)地(di)點(dian)的(de)整體研究水平不夠深(shen)入，學(xue)術界(jie)一直(zhi)期待更完(wan)整的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)和(he)更有(you)(you)學(xue)術意義的(de)研究成(cheng)果。

2008年(nian)7月(yue)，重慶師(shi)范大(da)學歷史與(yu)文(wen)博(bo)學院師(shi)生在(zai)(zai)三(san)峽古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類資源考察中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于奉節(jie)(jie)縣云霧(wu)鄉(xiang)穿洞新發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)處古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地點(dian)(dian)。初次考察和(he)(he)試掘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)l枚人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類門(men)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)3件(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制品和(he)(he)其他(ta)(ta)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)伴生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。2009年(nian)8月(yue)，在(zai)(zai)穿洞試掘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)具(ju)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，并(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)(you)多件(jian)(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制品和(he)(he)其+他(ta)(ta)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)完(wan)好，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)形(xing)(xing)呈(cheng)卵(luan)圓形(xing)(xing)：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)、枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等(deng)部(bu)位膠結(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)層很薄(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鈣(gai)質(zhi)礦物(wu)質(zhi)：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冠狀(zhuang)縫(feng)、矢(shi)狀(zhuang)縫(feng)、入字縫(feng)愈(yu)合(he)程度微弱；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)寬處位于顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后部(bu)；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)額結(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)項結(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著(zhu)，矢(shi)狀(zhuang)脊略(lve)為(wei)(wei)(wei)凸起：枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)后上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)髻狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)構，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)項線不大(da)明顯(xian)；眉骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)(cu)壯，眉弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內側端與(yu)眶上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)緣(yuan)(yuan)合(he)并(bing)(bing)：眼眶呈(cheng)長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)，眼眶外下緣(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓鈍；鼻根點(dian)(dian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)淺，鼻前棘高(gao)度適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；顴(quan)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)弱，乳(ru)突較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)(cu)大(da)，穿洞出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，，有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)原始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian)，如(ru)眉弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)粗(cu)(cu)壯，有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)明顯(xian)晶矢(shi)狀(zhuang)脊，粗(cu)(cu)壯豹乳(ru)突，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)平坦等(deng)。但該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)特征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)又顯(xian)示出(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)進(jin)(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)～面(mian)，如(ru)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)壁(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)薄(bo)，顴(quan)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)弱，顳骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)鱗骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)高(gao)度與(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接近等(deng)。該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)這(zhe)種(zhong)原始特征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)進(jin)(jin)步特征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)鑲(xiang)嵌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，反(fan)映(ying)出(chu)其具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。并(bing)(bing)且，該件(jian)(jian)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)特征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)其他(ta)(ta)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相似現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(如(ru)頂部(bu)前囟點(dian)(dian)位置與(yu)柳江(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)靠后)。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性(xing)別特征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)面(mian)，其額結(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)頂結(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著(zhu)、顴(quan)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細(xi)而平直等(deng)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，顯(xian)示該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)女(nv)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)年(nian)齡鑒(jian)定方(fang)面(mian)，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)存有(you)(you)(you)4枚完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頰齒(chi)(chi)(chi)，分別是左Ml，右Pl、Ml、M2。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)左、右Ml齒(chi)(chi)(chi)尖磨耗較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)質(zhi)點(dian)(dian)連(lian)接成片；右M2齒(chi)(chi)(chi)尖大(da)部(bu)分磨去，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)質(zhi)點(dian)(dian)暴露。考慮到_占代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)咀嚼食(shi)物(wu)對牙齒(chi)(chi)(chi)磨損(sun)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重，推測(ce)該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)個體(ti)年(nian)齡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、青(qing)年(nian)階段。與(yu)穿洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伴生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)(ta)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)類有(you)(you)(you)魚、鱉(bie)、蝙蝠、豪豬、赤腹松(song)鼠、大(da)熊貓(mao)、東方(fang)劍齒(chi)(chi)(chi)象(xiang)、華南巨貘(mo)、水鹿(lu)、青(qing)羊、蘇(su)門(men)羚等(deng)，屬于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)南方(fang)大(da)熊貓(mao)一(yi)劍齒(chi)(chi)(chi)象(xiang)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)群，其地質(zhi)時(shi)代可(ke)(ke)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)更新世晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)。從穿洞遺址出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制品觀察，該遺址石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)尖刃器(qi)(qi)、刮削器(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，器(qi)(qi)體(ti)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)主要(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型和(he)(he)小型。器(qi)(qi)物(wu)加(jia)工以(yi)(yi)使用石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘進(jin)(jin)行復向(xiang)、正向(xiang)加(jia)工為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)風(feng)格反(fan)映(ying)出(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)南方(fang)礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)，但同時(shi)也表現(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北方(fang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。

重慶穿洞(dong)(dong)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)和(he)相(xiang)關文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，對(dui)促進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)研(yan)究有(you)(you)(you)(you)重要意義。古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)學研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)關系、不同(tong)(tong)區(qu)域(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遷徙和(he)基(ji)因(yin)交流(liu)等(deng)是重要課題(ti)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)(yi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雖(sui)(sui)然已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)柳江人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、山頂洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但(dan)(dan)相(xiang)對(dui)于該(gai)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)數量激(ji)增、分布區(qu)域(yu)擴大、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)交流(liu)增加等(deng)事實(shi)，僅靠目前有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行研(yan)究還很(hen)不夠。重慶穿洞(dong)(dong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)基(ji)本特(te)征顯(xian)示(shi)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)連(lian)續(xu)演(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)，如該(gai)顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大部分智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)～樣眼眶為長方(fang)(fang)形、眼眶外(wai)下(xia)緣較為圓鈍、上(shang)(shang)(shang)面部(眉骨(gu)(gu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部分)較低等(deng)。但(dan)(dan)同(tong)(tong)時，穿洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)也存在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)與(yu)(yu)歐洲(zhou)(zhou)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象，有(you)(you)(you)(you)些現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象暗示(shi)該(gai)顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)歐洲(zhou)(zhou)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)基(ji)因(yin)交流(liu)(如沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)印加骨(gu)(gu)，枕骨(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)髻狀結(jie)構等(deng))。穿洞(dong)(dong)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)甚至(zhi)還反映出(chu)與(yu)(yu)非洲(zhou)(zhou)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)基(ji)因(yin)交流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部位均在(zai)(zai)顱(lu)(lu)頂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部，而穿洞(dong)(dong)標(biao)本該(gai)特(te)征卻(que)與(yu)(yu)非洲(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣，是在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部偏后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置等(deng)。綜合(he)考察，穿洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)這種復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)質形態鑲嵌現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象，是更(geng)(geng)新(xin)世(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間地(di)球上(shang)(shang)(shang)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)廣泛(fan)擴散(san)、基(ji)因(yin)交流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)。這種現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象符合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)學界提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)“連(lian)續(xu)進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)附(fu)帶雜交”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)(dian)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)因(yin)交流(liu)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)世(shi)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。晚(wan)(wan)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)世(shi)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，由于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)生產能力(li)進(jin)步和(he)控制性(xing)用火的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及(ji)等(deng)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)擴散(san)到地(di)球表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大部分陸地(di)，并且在(zai)(zai)遙遠(yuan)陸地(di)之(zhi)間也存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)自身生物(wu)基(ji)因(yin)和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)前發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藍田(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、大荔人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、馬壩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)，都在(zai)(zai)不同(tong)(tong)程度(du)上(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)存有(you)(you)(you)(you)歐洲(zhou)(zhou)某(mou)些人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)。但(dan)(dan)是、因(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)，雖(sui)(sui)然我(wo)們(men)已(yi)(yi)從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)方(fang)(fang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)基(ji)因(yin)交流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少(shao)許證據，但(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，卻(que)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)方(fang)(fang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)融(rong)合(he)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象。迄今為止，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)還沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)個兼(jian)具(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)方(fang)(fang)二元文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器時代(dai)典(dian)型遺(yi)址。

中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民共和國(guo)成立后，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)近20年(nian)來，貴州(zhou)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)成效顯著。首先是(shi)(shi)(shi)舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)。迄(qi)今為(wei)(wei)止已發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的早、中(zhong)(zhong)、晚三個時期的舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)有50處，已正式(shi)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)20多處，主要有黔西(xi)觀音(yin)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、桐(tong)梓(zi)(zi)巖灰(hui)(hui)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、水城(cheng)(cheng)硝灰(hui)(hui)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義(yi)(yi)貓貓洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、普定(ding)穿洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、六枝桃花洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。在發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)的遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，不僅出(chu)土了(le)(le)打(da)制石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、哺乳動物化(hua)(hua)石(shi)，而且還發(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)一批(pi)(pi)人(ren)(ren)類牙齒、頜骨、股骨、頭骨等化(hua)(hua)石(shi)，分別被(bei)(bei)命名為(wei)(wei)“桐(tong)梓(zi)(zi)猿人(ren)(ren)”、“水城(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)”、“興(xing)(xing)(xing)義(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)”、“穿洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)”。1982年(nian)至1992年(nian)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)工作者在桐(tong)梓(zi)(zi)縣九壩鄉巖灰(hui)(hui)洞(dong)(dong)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的猿人(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)繼云南元謀猿人(ren)(ren)之后西(xi)南地區再次發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的猿人(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)。盤縣大(da)洞(dong)(dong)舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南方新發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)，被(bei)(bei)列為(wei)(wei)1993年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)十大(da)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)成果之首。其次是(shi)(shi)(shi)商周至秦(qin)(qin)漢(han)時期的考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)。主要發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)的有普定(ding)銅鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、赫章可樂墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)、安順(shun)寧谷墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義(yi)(yi)萬屯漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義(yi)(yi)交樂漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)、仁(ren)懷(huai)合馬東(dong)漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)。普定(ding)銅鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)出(chu)土的冶銅坩鍋和一批(pi)(pi)石(shi)范石(shi)模，為(wei)(wei)研究貴州(zhou)冶鑄發(fa)展(zhan)史提(ti)供了(le)(le)戰國(guo)至秦(qin)(qin)漢(han)之際的實物依據(ju)。此外，在貴州(zhou)還發(fa)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)許多墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)方式(shi)不同的少數民族墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)。

人類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)上出現有中兩方基(ji)(ji)因交(jiao)流現象，石(shi)器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)上卻缺(que)少中西方文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)碰撞和兼容，這種復雜的(de)人類(lei)(lei)演化(hua)(hua)和文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳播(bo)過程(cheng)顯(xian)然(ran)需要不斷補充新(xin)證據并加強研(yan)究。重慶(qing)穿洞古人類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)和石(shi)器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)發現，是(shi)揭示三(san)峽地區(qu)人類(lei)(lei)和文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)演進的(de)珍(zhen)貴材料，而(er)且對研(yan)究中國乃至世界(jie)范圍內的(de)人類(lei)(lei)基(ji)(ji)因交(jiao)流和文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳播(bo)將產生積極(ji)影響(xiang)。