芒果视频下载

地理位置

普定(ding)穿(chuan)洞遺(yi)址位(wei)于貴(gui)州(zhou)省普定(ding)縣城西(xi) 5公里(li)處的(de)一座孤山上。

歷史沿革

普定穿洞遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)是舊石器時代晚期遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。

1979 年5月試(shi)掘，獲得大量石器(qi)、骨器(qi)。

1981年5月(yue)，中國(guo)科學院和(he)貴州省博物館(guan)聯合發(fa)掘，出(chu)土石器(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)、動物化石和(he)人類(lei)化石2000多件，為研究(jiu)中國(guo)西南原始社會(hui)提(ti)供了豐富的(de)實(shi)物資料。

迄今為止(zhi)已發(fa)現(xian)的早、中、晚(wan)三個時(shi)期的舊石(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有50處(chu)，已正(zheng)式發(fa)掘(jue)20多(duo)處(chu)，主要(yao)有黔西(xi)觀音(yin)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、桐梓巖灰(hui)(hui)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、水城硝灰(hui)(hui)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、興義(yi)貓貓洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、普定(ding)(ding)穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、六枝桃花洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)發(fa)掘(jue)的遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，不僅出(chu)土了(le)打制(zhi)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)、骨(gu)(gu)器(qi)、哺乳動物(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，而且還發(fa)現(xian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)批人類牙齒、頜骨(gu)(gu)、股骨(gu)(gu)、頭(tou)骨(gu)(gu)等化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，分別被命名(ming)為“桐梓猿人”、“水城人”、“興義(yi)人”、“穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)人”。1982年至(zhi)1992年考(kao)古(gu)(gu)工作者在(zai)桐梓盤縣大(da)洞(dong)(dong)舊石(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)南方新發(fa)現(xian)的古(gu)(gu)人類遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，被列為1993 年全(quan)國(guo)(guo)十(shi)大(da)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)成果之首(shou)。其次是商周至(zhi)秦漢時(shi)期的考(kao)古(gu)(gu)。主要(yao)發(fa)掘(jue)的有普定(ding)(ding)銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、赫章可樂墓(mu)(mu)群、安順寧谷墓(mu)(mu)群、興義(yi)萬屯漢墓(mu)(mu)群、興義(yi)交樂漢墓(mu)(mu)群、仁懷合馬東漢墓(mu)(mu)群。普定(ding)(ding)銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)土的冶銅(tong)坩鍋和一(yi)(yi)批石(shi)(shi)范石(shi)(shi)模，為研(yan)究貴州冶鑄發(fa)展史提供了(le)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)至(zhi)秦漢之際的實(shi)物(wu)(wu)依(yi)據。此外，在(zai)貴州還發(fa)現(xian)了(le)許多(duo)墓(mu)(mu)葬方式不同的少數民族墓(mu)(mu)葬。

穿(chuan)洞(dong)古人(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)址(zhi)經(jing)國(guo)家(jia)考古隊兩(liang)次發(fa)掘，出(chu)(chu)土(tu)人(ren)類(lei)完整(zheng)頭(tou)骨(gu)(gu)兩(liang)件，哺乳動(dong)物(wu)碎骨(gu)(gu)18,000件，單(dan)個(ge)牙齒(chi)500多枚，動(dong)物(wu)化石13個(ge)屬或種(zhong)；出(chu)(chu)土(tu)石制器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)20,000余件，骨(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)1,000余件，以骨(gu)(gu)錐多，另有(you)(you)骨(gu)(gu)鏟、骨(gu)(gu)針、骨(gu)(gu)棒等。此(ci)外(wai)，發(fa)現用火(huo)遺(yi)跡多處。穿(chuan)洞(dong)古人(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)址(zhi)一處發(fa)現兩(liang)具(ju)頭(tou)骨(gu)(gu)至今國(guo)內無先例，出(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)骨(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，超過(guo)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)發(fa)現總和30倍，一舉摘(zhai)掉我國(guo)舊石器(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化中貧骨(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)帽子(zi)，世(shi)界罕見。穿(chuan)洞(dong)古人(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)址(zhi)具(ju)有(you)(you)極其(qi)重要的(de)考古研究(jiu)價值，被中科院專家(jia)們譽為(wei)“亞洲文(wen)(wen)明之燈”，現擬建“穿(chuan)洞(dong)古人(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)址(zhi)博物(wu)館”。1988年1月，經(jing)國(guo)務院批準，公布(bu)為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位。

文物價值

長江三(san)(san)(san)峽地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)目20世(shi)(shi)紀50年(nian)代發現(xian)長陽人(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后，相繼又發現(xian)有建(jian)始人(ren)(ren)、巫山人(ren)(ren)、奉節人(ren)(ren)等8處古人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)點(dian)，這(zhe)使三(san)(san)(san)峽地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)成為世(shi)(shi)界上人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分布密集的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之一。但是，由于三(san)(san)(san)峽人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完整程(cheng)度不太(tai)好(hao)(以前沒有出土較完整的(de)顱骨化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))，導致人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)點(dian)的(de)整體研究(jiu)水平不夠深入，學(xue)術界一直期待更(geng)完整的(de)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和更(geng)有學(xue)術意義的(de)研究(jiu)成果(guo)。

2008年(nian)(nian)7月，重(zhong)慶師范大學歷史與(yu)文(wen)(wen)博學院師生在三峽古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)資源考察(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于奉節(jie)(jie)縣云霧鄉(xiang)穿洞新發現(xian)(xian)一(yi)處(chu)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)地點。初次考察(cha)和(he)試(shi)掘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)(xian)l枚人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)門齒化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，以及3件石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品和(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)一(yi)些(xie)伴生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。2009年(nian)(nian)8月，在穿洞試(shi)掘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)發現(xian)(xian)一(yi)具(ju)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，并有(you)多件石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品和(he)其(qi)(qi)+他(ta)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。出(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)形態完好，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)形呈(cheng)卵圓(yuan)形：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底、枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等(deng)部(bu)(bu)位膠結(jie)有(you)一(yi)層很薄(bo)的(de)(de)鈣質(zhi)礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上的(de)(de)冠狀(zhuang)縫(feng)、矢(shi)狀(zhuang)縫(feng)、入字縫(feng)愈合程度(du)微(wei)弱(ruo)；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)寬處(chu)位于顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)部(bu)(bu)；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)額(e)結(jie)節(jie)(jie)和(he)項結(jie)節(jie)(jie)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯著(zhu)(zhu)，矢(shi)狀(zhuang)脊略為(wei)凸(tu)起：枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)后(hou)上部(bu)(bu)有(you)發髻狀(zhuang)結(jie)構，上項線(xian)不(bu)大明顯；眉骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)粗壯，眉弓(gong)(gong)內側端(duan)與(yu)眶上緣合并：眼眶呈(cheng)長方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形，眼眶外(wai)下緣較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)圓(yuan)鈍；鼻(bi)根點較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)淺，鼻(bi)前(qian)棘高(gao)度(du)適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；顴弓(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)細(xi)弱(ruo)，乳突(tu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)粗大，穿洞出(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，，有(you)些(xie)形態表(biao)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)原始的(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian)，如(ru)眉弓(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)粗壯，有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)明顯晶矢(shi)狀(zhuang)脊，粗壯豹乳突(tu)，以及顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)平(ping)坦等(deng)。但(dan)該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)些(xie)特(te)(te)(te)征又(you)顯示出(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)進步的(de)(de)～面(mian)，如(ru)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)壁較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)薄(bo)，顴弓(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)細(xi)弱(ruo)，顳骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)鱗骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)高(gao)度(du)與(yu)現(xian)(xian)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接(jie)近等(deng)。該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)這種原始特(te)(te)(te)征與(yu)進步特(te)(te)(te)征鑲嵌(qian)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，反(fan)(fan)映出(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)具(ju)有(you)晚(wan)期智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)征。并且，該件顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)上的(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)特(te)(te)(te)征，與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)晚(wan)期智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)具(ju)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)相似現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(如(ru)頂部(bu)(bu)前(qian)囟(xin)點位置與(yu)柳江人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)靠后(hou))。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性別特(te)(te)(te)征方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，其(qi)(qi)額(e)結(jie)節(jie)(jie)和(he)頂結(jie)節(jie)(jie)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯著(zhu)(zhu)、顴弓(gong)(gong)細(xi)而平(ping)直等(deng)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，顯示該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)可能為(wei)女性。在年(nian)(nian)齡鑒定方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上保(bao)存有(you)4枚完整(zheng)的(de)(de)頰齒，分(fen)別是左Ml，右Pl、Ml、M2。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)左、右Ml齒尖(jian)磨(mo)耗較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，齒質(zhi)點連接(jie)成片；右M2齒尖(jian)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)磨(mo)去，齒質(zhi)點暴(bao)露。考慮到_占(zhan)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)咀嚼食物(wu)(wu)(wu)對牙齒磨(mo)損較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，推測該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)個(ge)體年(nian)(nian)齡可能為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、青年(nian)(nian)階段。與(yu)穿洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)伴生的(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)種類(lei)(lei)有(you)魚、鱉、蝙(bian)蝠、豪(hao)豬、赤(chi)腹松鼠、大熊貓、東方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劍齒象(xiang)、華南巨貘、水鹿(lu)、青羊、蘇門羚等(deng)，屬于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大熊貓一(yi)劍齒象(xiang)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)群，其(qi)(qi)地質(zhi)時(shi)代可能為(wei)更新世(shi)晚(wan)期。從穿洞遺址出(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品觀察(cha)，該遺址石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)以尖(jian)刃器(qi)(qi)、刮削器(qi)(qi)為(wei)主，器(qi)(qi)體形態主要為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型和(he)小型。器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)加工以使用石(shi)(shi)錘進行復向(xiang)、正向(xiang)加工為(wei)主。石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)風格反(fan)(fan)映出(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)礫石(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)主的(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)點，但(dan)同時(shi)也表(biao)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)石(shi)(shi)片石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)很強的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。

重慶穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)相(xiang)關文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，對促(cu)進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)研(yan)究(jiu)有(you)(you)重要(yao)(yao)意(yi)義。古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)學研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)與化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)關系(xi)、不同(tong)(tong)區域人(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遷(qian)徙和(he)基因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)等(deng)(deng)是重要(yao)(yao)課(ke)題(ti)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)已發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雖(sui)然已有(you)(you)柳江人(ren)(ren)(ren)、山頂洞(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但相(xiang)對于該(gai)(gai)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)數量激增(zeng)、分(fen)(fen)布區域擴(kuo)大(da)(da)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)交流(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加等(deng)(deng)事實(shi)，僅靠目(mu)前(qian)有(you)(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行研(yan)究(jiu)還很(hen)不夠。重慶穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其基本特(te)征顯示(shi)具(ju)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)連續演化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，如該(gai)(gai)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)～樣眼(yan)眶為(wei)(wei)長方形(xing)、眼(yan)眶外下(xia)緣(yuan)較為(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)鈍、上(shang)面部(bu)(bu)(眉(mei)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen))較低等(deng)(deng)。但同(tong)(tong)時，穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)也存(cun)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)與歐洲同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，有(you)(you)些現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)暗示(shi)該(gai)(gai)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與歐洲晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)基因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)(如沒有(you)(you)印加骨(gu)(gu)(gu)，枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)有(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)髻(ji)狀結構等(deng)(deng))。穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)甚至還反映出與非洲化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)基因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)均在(zai)(zai)顱頂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)，而(er)穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)標(biao)本該(gai)(gai)特(te)征卻(que)與非洲發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣，是在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)偏后的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置等(deng)(deng)。綜合考(kao)察(cha)，穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)這種(zhong)(zhong)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)體質形(xing)態鑲嵌現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，是更新世(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間地(di)球上(shang)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)廣(guang)泛(fan)擴(kuo)散、基因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。這種(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)符合中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)學界提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)“連續進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)附帶雜交”的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)和(he)西(xi)(xi)方古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更新世(shi)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已經(jing)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)。晚(wan)更新世(shi)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，由于人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)產能力進(jin)步和(he)控制性用火的(de)(de)(de)(de)普及等(deng)(deng)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)已經(jing)擴(kuo)散到地(di)球表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)陸地(di)，并且在(zai)(zai)遙遠陸地(di)之間也存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著自(zi)身生(sheng)物基因(yin)(yin)(yin)和(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)(liu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)以(yi)前(qian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藍田人(ren)(ren)(ren)、大(da)(da)荔人(ren)(ren)(ren)、馬壩人(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)，都在(zai)(zai)不同(tong)(tong)程(cheng)度上(shang)保(bao)存(cun)有(you)(you)歐洲某(mou)些人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。但是、因(yin)(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺物有(you)(you)限(xian)，雖(sui)然我們(men)已從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)(xi)方古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)基因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)少許證據，但在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上(shang)，卻(que)沒有(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)(xi)方文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)融合現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。迄今為(wei)(wei)止，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)還沒有(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)個(ge)兼具(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)(xi)方二(er)元(yuan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器時代典型遺址。

中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和國(guo)成立(li)后，特別是(shi)近20年來，貴州考古(gu)(gu)發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)成效顯著。首先是(shi)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器考古(gu)(gu)。迄今為(wei)止已(yi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)早(zao)、中、晚三(san)個時期(qi)的(de)(de)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器時代遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有50處，已(yi)正式(shi)發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)20多處，主要有黔西(xi)觀音(yin)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、桐梓(zi)巖(yan)(yan)灰(hui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、水城硝灰(hui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、興義(yi)貓貓洞(dong)(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、普(pu)定穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、六枝桃花(hua)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)的(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，不(bu)(bu)僅出土了打制(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器、骨器、哺乳動物化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還(huan)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了一批(pi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類牙齒、頜(he)骨、股骨、頭(tou)骨等化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，分別被命名為(wei)“桐梓(zi)猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“水城人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“興義(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。1982年至(zhi)1992年考古(gu)(gu)工作者在桐梓(zi)縣九壩(ba)鄉巖(yan)(yan)灰(hui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)繼(ji)云南(nan)(nan)元謀猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之后西(xi)南(nan)(nan)地(di)區再次發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。盤(pan)縣大洞(dong)(dong)(dong)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器文(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)在中國(guo)南(nan)(nan)方新發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，被列為(wei)1993年全國(guo)十(shi)大考古(gu)(gu)成果之首。其次是(shi)商(shang)周至(zhi)秦(qin)漢(han)時期(qi)的(de)(de)考古(gu)(gu)。主要發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)的(de)(de)有普(pu)定銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、赫章可樂墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、安順寧谷墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、興義(yi)萬屯漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、興義(yi)交樂漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、仁(ren)懷(huai)合馬(ma)東漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群。普(pu)定銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出土的(de)(de)冶銅(tong)坩鍋和一批(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)模(mo)，為(wei)研究(jiu)貴州冶鑄發(fa)(fa)展史提供了戰國(guo)至(zhi)秦(qin)漢(han)之際的(de)(de)實物依據。此外(wai)，在貴州還(huan)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了許(xu)多墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)方式(shi)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)少數民族(zu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)。

人類化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)上出現有(you)中兩方(fang)(fang)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)交(jiao)流現象，石(shi)(shi)器文(wen)化(hua)(hua)上卻(que)缺少(shao)中西方(fang)(fang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)碰撞和(he)兼(jian)容，這(zhe)種復雜的(de)(de)人類演化(hua)(hua)和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳播(bo)過(guo)程顯然需要不(bu)斷補充新證據并加(jia)強研究。重慶穿洞古(gu)人類化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)器文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)發(fa)現，是(shi)揭示三峽地區人類和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)演進的(de)(de)珍貴材(cai)料，而且對(dui)研究中國乃至世界范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)人類基(ji)(ji)因(yin)交(jiao)流和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳播(bo)將(jiang)產生(sheng)積極影響。