芒果视频下载

地理位置

普定穿(chuan)洞遺(yi)址(zhi)位于貴州省(sheng)普定縣城西 5公里(li)處的一座孤山上。

歷史沿革

普(pu)定穿洞遺址是舊石器時代(dai)晚期遺址。

1979 年5月(yue)試掘，獲得大(da)量石器(qi)、骨器(qi)。

1981年5月，中國科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)和貴州省博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館聯合發掘(jue)，出土石器、骨(gu)器、動物(wu)(wu)化(hua)石和人類(lei)化(hua)石2000多件(jian)，為(wei)研究(jiu)中國西南原始社會提(ti)供(gong)了豐富的實物(wu)(wu)資料。

迄(qi)今為(wei)止(zhi)已(yi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)早、中(zhong)、晚三個時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)舊石器(qi)(qi)時(shi)代(dai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有50處，已(yi)正式發(fa)(fa)掘20多(duo)處，主要有黔西觀音洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、桐梓巖(yan)灰洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)城硝灰洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、興義(yi)貓(mao)貓(mao)洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、普定穿(chuan)洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、六枝桃花洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在發(fa)(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，不僅出土了(le)(le)打制石器(qi)(qi)、骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)、哺乳動物化(hua)石，而且還(huan)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)一批(pi)人類(lei)牙齒、頜骨(gu)、股骨(gu)、頭骨(gu)等化(hua)石，分別(bie)被(bei)命(ming)名為(wei)“桐梓猿人”、“水(shui)(shui)城人”、“興義(yi)人”、“穿(chuan)洞人”。1982年(nian)至1992年(nian)考古(gu)工(gong)作者(zhe)在桐梓盤縣大(da)洞舊石器(qi)(qi)文化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)在中(zhong)國(guo)南方新發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)人類(lei)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，被(bei)列為(wei)1993 年(nian)全國(guo)十(shi)大(da)考古(gu)成果之首。其次(ci)是(shi)商周至秦漢時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)考古(gu)。主要發(fa)(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)有普定銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、赫(he)章可樂墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、安順寧谷(gu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、興義(yi)萬屯漢墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、興義(yi)交(jiao)樂漢墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群、仁(ren)懷(huai)合馬東漢墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群。普定銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出土的(de)(de)(de)冶銅(tong)坩(gan)鍋和一批(pi)石范石模，為(wei)研究貴(gui)州冶鑄(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展史提供了(le)(le)戰國(guo)至秦漢之際的(de)(de)(de)實物依據(ju)。此外，在貴(gui)州還(huan)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)許多(duo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)方式不同的(de)(de)(de)少數(shu)民族墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)。

穿洞(dong)古人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址經國(guo)家考(kao)古隊兩次(ci)發(fa)掘，出土人(ren)(ren)類完整頭骨兩件，哺乳動(dong)物(wu)碎骨18,000件，單(dan)(dan)個(ge)牙(ya)齒500多(duo)(duo)枚，動(dong)物(wu)化(hua)石13個(ge)屬或種；出土石制器物(wu)20,000余(yu)件，骨器1,000余(yu)件，以骨錐多(duo)(duo)，另(ling)有骨鏟、骨針、骨棒等。此外(wai)，發(fa)現(xian)用(yong)火遺(yi)跡多(duo)(duo)處(chu)。穿洞(dong)古人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址一處(chu)發(fa)現(xian)兩具頭骨至今國(guo)內無先(xian)例，出土的(de)骨器，超過全國(guo)發(fa)現(xian)總(zong)和30倍，一舉摘掉我國(guo)舊石器文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)貧骨器的(de)帽子，世界罕(han)見。穿洞(dong)古人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址具有極其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)考(kao)古研究價(jia)值，被中(zhong)科院專(zhuan)家們(men)譽為“亞洲文(wen)明之(zhi)燈”，現(xian)擬建(jian)“穿洞(dong)古人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址博物(wu)館”。1988年1月，經國(guo)務院批準，公(gong)布為全國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)位。

文物價值

長(chang)江三(san)峽(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)區(qu)目20世紀(ji)50年代發現長(chang)陽人(ren)(ren)化石(shi)后(hou)，相繼又發現有建始人(ren)(ren)、巫山人(ren)(ren)、奉節人(ren)(ren)等8處古人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化石(shi)地(di)(di)點(dian)，這使(shi)三(san)峽(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)區(qu)成(cheng)為(wei)世界上人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化石(shi)分布(bu)密集(ji)的地(di)(di)區(qu)之一(yi)。但是，由于三(san)峽(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化石(shi)完(wan)整程(cheng)度(du)不太好(以前(qian)沒有出土較完(wan)整的顱骨(gu)化石(shi))，導致人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化石(shi)地(di)(di)點(dian)的整體研究水平不夠深入，學(xue)術界一(yi)直期待更完(wan)整的人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化石(shi)和更有學(xue)術意義的研究成(cheng)果。

2008年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)，重(zhong)慶師范大(da)學(xue)歷(li)史與(yu)文(wen)博學(xue)院師生(sheng)(sheng)在三峽古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)資源考察(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)，于(yu)奉節(jie)縣云霧鄉(xiang)穿(chuan)洞(dong)新(xin)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)地點(dian)(dian)。初(chu)次考察(cha)和(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)掘(jue)(jue)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)l枚(mei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)門齒化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)及(ji)3件(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品和(he)(he)其他(ta)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些伴生(sheng)(sheng)動物化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。2009年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)，在穿(chuan)洞(dong)試(shi)(shi)掘(jue)(jue)中(zhong)(zhong)又(you)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)具(ju)(ju)完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，并(bing)有(you)多件(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品和(he)(he)其+他(ta)動物化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)態(tai)完(wan)(wan)好，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)形(xing)呈卵圓形(xing)：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底(di)、枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)膠結(jie)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)很薄的(de)鈣質(zhi)(zhi)礦物質(zhi)(zhi)：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上的(de)冠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)縫(feng)、矢狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)縫(feng)、入字縫(feng)愈合程(cheng)度(du)微(wei)弱(ruo)；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)寬處(chu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂(ding)(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)額(e)結(jie)節(jie)和(he)(he)項結(jie)節(jie)較(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著，矢狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)脊略(lve)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)凸起(qi)：枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)后(hou)上部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)發(fa)髻狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)結(jie)構(gou)，上項線不大(da)明(ming)顯(xian)；眉骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗壯，眉弓(gong)(gong)(gong)內側端與(yu)眶(kuang)上緣合并(bing)：眼眶(kuang)呈長方形(xing)，眼眶(kuang)外下緣較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓鈍；鼻根點(dian)(dian)較(jiao)(jiao)淺，鼻前棘高度(du)適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)；顴(quan)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)弱(ruo)，乳突(tu)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗大(da)，穿(chuan)洞(dong)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)的(de)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，，有(you)些形(xing)態(tai)表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原始的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)面，如眉弓(gong)(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗壯，有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)明(ming)顯(xian)晶矢狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)脊，粗壯豹乳突(tu)，以(yi)及(ji)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂(ding)(ding)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平(ping)坦等(deng)(deng)。但該(gai)(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)些特征(zheng)(zheng)又(you)顯(xian)示出(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)進(jin)步的(de)～面，如顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)壁較(jiao)(jiao)薄，顴(quan)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)弱(ruo)，顳骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)鱗(lin)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)高度(du)與(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)比較(jiao)(jiao)接近等(deng)(deng)。該(gai)(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)這種原始特征(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)進(jin)步特征(zheng)(zheng)鑲(xiang)嵌的(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，反(fan)(fan)映(ying)出(chu)(chu)其具(ju)(ju)有(you)晚(wan)期智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)特征(zheng)(zheng)。并(bing)且，該(gai)(gai)件(jian)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些特征(zheng)(zheng)，與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)其他(ta)晚(wan)期智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)具(ju)(ju)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)相似現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(如頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)前囟點(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)置與(yu)柳(liu)江(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣比較(jiao)(jiao)靠后(hou))。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性(xing)別特征(zheng)(zheng)方面，其額(e)結(jie)節(jie)和(he)(he)頂(ding)(ding)結(jie)節(jie)較(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著、顴(quan)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)細(xi)而(er)平(ping)直等(deng)(deng)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，顯(xian)示該(gai)(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)可能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)女性(xing)。在年(nian)(nian)齡(ling)鑒定方面，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上保存有(you)4枚(mei)完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)的(de)頰(jia)齒，分別是左(zuo)Ml，右Pl、Ml、M2。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)左(zuo)、右Ml齒尖磨耗較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，齒質(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)連接成片；右M2齒尖大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分磨去，齒質(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)暴露。考慮到_占代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)咀嚼(jiao)食物對牙齒磨損較(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，推測該(gai)(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)個體年(nian)(nian)齡(ling)可能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)、青年(nian)(nian)階段(duan)。與(yu)穿(chuan)洞(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)伴生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)其他(ta)動物化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)種類(lei)有(you)魚(yu)、鱉(bie)、蝙蝠、豪(hao)豬、赤腹松鼠、大(da)熊貓、東方劍齒象(xiang)(xiang)、華南巨貘、水鹿、青羊、蘇門羚等(deng)(deng)，屬于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南方大(da)熊貓一(yi)(yi)(yi)劍齒象(xiang)(xiang)動物群，其地質(zhi)(zhi)時代可能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)更新(xin)世晚(wan)期。從穿(chuan)洞(dong)遺址出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品觀(guan)察(cha)，該(gai)(gai)遺址石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)尖刃器(qi)(qi)(qi)、刮削(xue)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，器(qi)(qi)(qi)體形(xing)態(tai)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)和(he)(he)小型(xing)。器(qi)(qi)(qi)物加工以(yi)使用石(shi)(shi)(shi)錘進(jin)行復向(xiang)、正(zheng)向(xiang)加工為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)風格反(fan)(fan)映(ying)出(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南方礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)特點(dian)(dian)，但同(tong)時也表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北方石(shi)(shi)(shi)片石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)很強的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。

重(zhong)慶(qing)穿洞(dong)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)相(xiang)關文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺跡的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，對促(cu)進中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)研(yan)(yan)究有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)要意(yi)義。古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)學研(yan)(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)關系、不同(tong)區域人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)遷徙和(he)基(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)等(deng)(deng)是(shi)重(zhong)要課題。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，雖(sui)然(ran)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)柳江(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、山頂(ding)洞(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，但(dan)(dan)相(xiang)對于該時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)數量激增、分(fen)(fen)(fen)布區域擴大(da)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)增加等(deng)(deng)事實，僅靠目前有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)進行研(yan)(yan)究還很不夠(gou)。重(zhong)慶(qing)穿洞(dong)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，其基(ji)(ji)(ji)本特(te)征(zheng)顯示具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)連續(xu)演(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，如該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)～樣眼(yan)眶(kuang)為長方形、眼(yan)眶(kuang)外下緣較為圓鈍、上面部(眉骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)上部分(fen)(fen)(fen))較低等(deng)(deng)。但(dan)(dan)同(tong)時(shi)，穿洞(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)洲(zhou)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)暗(an)示該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)洲(zhou)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(如沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)印(yin)加骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)髻狀結(jie)構等(deng)(deng))。穿洞(dong)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)甚至(zhi)還反(fan)映出與(yu)(yu)非洲(zhou)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)情況：中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)寬的(de)(de)(de)部位均(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)部，而(er)穿洞(dong)標本該特(te)征(zheng)卻與(yu)(yu)非洲(zhou)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣，是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)部偏后的(de)(de)(de)位置等(deng)(deng)。綜合考察，穿洞(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)這種復雜的(de)(de)(de)體質形態(tai)鑲嵌現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，是(shi)更新(xin)世期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間地(di)球上晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)廣(guang)泛擴散(san)、基(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果。這種現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)符合中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)學界提出的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)“連續(xu)進化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)附(fu)帶(dai)雜交”的(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)西(xi)方古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)更新(xin)世時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已(yi)經出現(xian)(xian)(xian)。晚(wan)(wan)更新(xin)世時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，由于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)生產能力進步和(he)控制(zhi)性(xing)用火的(de)(de)(de)普及等(deng)(deng)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)已(yi)經擴散(san)到地(di)球表面的(de)(de)(de)大(da)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)陸地(di)，并(bing)且(qie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)遙遠陸地(di)之間也(ye)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著自身生物基(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)和(he)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)前發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)藍(lan)田(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、大(da)荔人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、馬壩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)，都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不同(tong)程(cheng)度上保存有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)歐(ou)洲(zhou)某些(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。但(dan)(dan)是(shi)、因(yin)(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺物有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限，雖(sui)然(ran)我們已(yi)從中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)方古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)少許證據，但(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)器文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上，卻沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)明顯的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)方文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)融合現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。迄(qi)今為止，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)還沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)一個兼具(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)方二元文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)器時(shi)代(dai)典型遺址。

中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)成立后，特別是(shi)(shi)近(jin)20年來，貴州考(kao)古(gu)(gu)發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)成效顯著(zhu)。首(shou)先是(shi)(shi)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)。迄今為(wei)止已發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)早、中(zhong)、晚三個時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)有50處(chu)，已正式(shi)發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)20多處(chu)，主要有黔西(xi)觀(guan)音(yin)洞遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、桐(tong)梓(zi)巖灰洞遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、水城硝灰洞遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、興(xing)(xing)義貓貓洞遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、普定(ding)穿洞遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、六(liu)枝桃(tao)花洞遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。在發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，不僅出(chu)土(tu)了打(da)制石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)、骨(gu)器(qi)、哺乳動物化石(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還發(fa)(fa)現了一批人(ren)(ren)類牙(ya)齒、頜骨(gu)、股骨(gu)、頭(tou)骨(gu)等化石(shi)(shi)(shi)，分別被命名為(wei)“桐(tong)梓(zi)猿人(ren)(ren)”、“水城人(ren)(ren)”、“興(xing)(xing)義人(ren)(ren)”、“穿洞人(ren)(ren)”。1982年至(zhi)1992年考(kao)古(gu)(gu)工(gong)作者在桐(tong)梓(zi)縣九壩(ba)鄉巖灰洞發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)猿人(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)繼云南(nan)(nan)元謀猿人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)后西(xi)南(nan)(nan)地(di)區再次發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)猿人(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)。盤縣大洞舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)在中(zhong)國(guo)南(nan)(nan)方新發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)，被列為(wei)1993年全國(guo)十大考(kao)古(gu)(gu)成果之(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)。其次是(shi)(shi)商周至(zhi)秦(qin)漢(han)(han)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)。主要發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有普定(ding)銅(tong)鼓(gu)山(shan)(shan)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、赫(he)章(zhang)可(ke)樂墓群(qun)(qun)、安順寧谷墓群(qun)(qun)、興(xing)(xing)義萬屯(tun)漢(han)(han)墓群(qun)(qun)、興(xing)(xing)義交樂漢(han)(han)墓群(qun)(qun)、仁懷合馬東漢(han)(han)墓群(qun)(qun)。普定(ding)銅(tong)鼓(gu)山(shan)(shan)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冶銅(tong)坩鍋和(he)一批石(shi)(shi)(shi)范石(shi)(shi)(shi)模，為(wei)研(yan)究貴州冶鑄發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)史提供了戰國(guo)至(zhi)秦(qin)漢(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實物依據。此外，在貴州還發(fa)(fa)現了許多墓葬方式(shi)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)少數(shu)民族墓葬。

人類化(hua)(hua)石(shi)上出現有中(zhong)(zhong)兩方基因交流現象，石(shi)器文(wen)化(hua)(hua)上卻缺少中(zhong)(zhong)西方文(wen)化(hua)(hua)碰(peng)撞和(he)兼容，這(zhe)種復雜的人類演化(hua)(hua)和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳播過程(cheng)顯然(ran)需(xu)要不(bu)斷補充新(xin)證(zheng)據并加強研究。重慶穿洞古人類化(hua)(hua)石(shi)和(he)石(shi)器文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的發現，是揭示三峽地(di)區人類和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)演進的珍貴材料，而且對研究中(zhong)(zhong)國乃至世界范圍內(nei)的人類基因交流和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳播將產生積極影響。