三門(men)塘古建筑群位于貴州省天柱縣(xian)坌處鎮(zhen),距縣(xian)城40公(gong)里,南臨(lin)清水(shui)江。明朝末年,靠水(shui)上運輸富裕起(qi)來的(de)(de)三門(men)塘人便(bian)捐資創建義學,普及漢文化,教(jiao)化鄉民(min)(min),興(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)庵院宗祠,民(min)(min)居(ju)亭榭(xie),修(xiu)(xiu)路架橋,開創渡口,并開場期(qi)趕集,設木行、肉攤(tan)布店、米鋪百貨、飯館旅(lv)店。三門(men)塘盛時期(qi)形成了(le)由五條主街巷(xiang)和眾多民(min)(min)居(ju)、商號(hao)、店鋪、廟(miao)宇、橋梁(liang)、碼頭等組(zu)成的(de)(de)建筑群,包(bao)括了(le)民(min)(min)間典型的(de)(de)水(shui)運商貿(mao)集鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)大部分類型。
三門(men)塘(tang)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群包(bao)括宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)(ci)兩(liang)座(zuo),碑刻(ke)(ke)300余(yu)通(tong),古(gu)樹68株(zhu),印子(zi)屋(wu)28棟,水(shui)井(jing)20眼,魚塘(tang)17口,石拱(gong)橋(qiao)6座(zuo),石板橋(qiao)10座(zuo),石板路(lu)12條(tiao),卵石路(lu)30多條(tiao)。這些建(jian)(jian)筑風格(ge)獨特,空間(jian)布局靈活多變,立體(ti)感(gan)極(ji)強,工藝十分(fen)講(jiang)究(jiu),風格(ge)粗(cu)獷(guang)而不失精致。民居(ju)建(jian)(jian)筑為(wei)(wei)穿斗(dou)式(shi)懸山(shan)頂小青瓦(wa)結構,橫(heng)向三開間(jian)或五開間(jian),正中一間(jian)設(she)庭堂,庭前設(she)天井(jing),天井(jing)兩(liang)旁設(she)廂房(fang),其門(men)窗雕(diao)刻(ke)(ke)精美,屋(wu)柱留有(you)過去木(mu)(mu)商(shang)商(shang)號的(de)烙(luo)印。宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)為(wei)(wei)封火墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),內為(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)構建(jian)(jian)筑,穿斗(dou)式(shi)硬(ying)山(shan)頂小青瓦(wa)結構。印子(zi)屋(wu)的(de)外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高過屋(wu)脊,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頭(tou)平(ping)翹,瓦(wa)蓋廡殿式(shi),多級(ji)卷云馬頭(tou)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頭(tou)下(xia)粉刷邊帶,描繪山(shan)水(shui)花草蟲魚。村巷街道、橋(qiao)梁(liang)碼頭(tou)青石鋪(pu)砌,阡(qian)陌相通(tong)。古(gu)井(jing)、石刻(ke)(ke)星羅棋(qi)布,點(dian)綴鄉間(jian)。現各處建(jian)(jian)筑基本保持原(yuan)貌,古(gu)風古(gu)韻猶(you)存。2013年3月國(guo)家文(wen)物(wu)局核定公布為(wei)(wei)第(di)七(qi)批全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位(wei)。