東(dong)山古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)全國重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位,明(ming)至清代樓(lou)閣寺觀(guan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)。位于貴(gui)州省銅(tong)仁(ren)(ren)市城(cheng)東(dong)隅,南臨(lin)錦(jin)江。占地約3萬平(ping)方(fang)米。銅(tong)仁(ren)(ren)東(dong)山古(gu)(gu)(gu)木(mu)參天,風(feng)景(jing)秀麗。明(ming)清古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)有(you)(you)明(ming)正德十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(1516年(nian))在山巔建(jian)的(de)“澄(cheng)江樓(lou)”、“川上亭”,嘉靖(jing)二十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(1543年(nian))增建(jian)的(de)“大(da)觀(guan)樓(lou)”,清道光二年(nian)(1822年(nian))建(jian)的(de)“奎(kui)星(xing)閣”,以及(ji)其他清代古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)崇(chong)真觀(guan)、崇(chong)仙宮、真武(wu)觀(guan)、文昌宮、大(da)雄殿(dian)、武(wu)侯(hou)祠、魁星(xing)樓(lou)、護(hu)國樓(lou)、二吳亭等。大(da)致分山頂、西側(ce)山坡、南側(ce)崖(ya)頂三(san)組(zu)。山頂僅(jin)存的(de)雷(lei)神殿(dian)和真武(wu)殿(dian),一(yi)前一(yi)后,面闊各三(san)間、五間,山墻均為屏風(feng)墻。真武(wu)殿(dian)后還有(you)(you)大(da)雄寶殿(dian)及(ji)吊腳樓(lou)形式(shi)的(de)左右(you)配(pei)殿(dian)。現(xian)辟為貴(gui)州銅(tong)仁(ren)(ren)文化(hua)博物(wu)館。館旁有(you)(you)建(jian)于1912年(nian)的(de)光復紀念碑。
銅(tong)仁東山古建筑群(qun)位于銅(tong)仁市中(zhong)(zhong)山路(lu)兩側及大(da)江北(bei)路(lu)東側,始(shi)建于明初,清代(dai)續修(xiu),現存(cun)建筑大(da)部(bu)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)清代(dai)遺構(gou)。銅(tong)仁東山古建筑群(qun)集廟宇、會(hui)館、民(min)居、店(dian)鋪、古城墻、碼頭及自然(ran) 山水于一隅(yu),類(lei)別豐富、規模宏大(da)。占地面積(ji)11 萬平方米(mi),建筑面積(ji)27555 平方米(mi),分東、西(xi) 兩個部(bu)分。東部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廟宇、城墻、碼頭、民(min)居。廟宇依山而(er)建,民(min)居以(yi)江為(wei)(wei)(wei)屏,多為(wei)(wei)(wei)前店(dian)后宅, 周以(yi)高(gao)墻圍護,內辟若干天井。多為(wei)(wei)(wei)四合院,亦有三合院,雖然(ran)中(zhong)(zhong)軸對稱,但大(da)門隨地勢多朝 巷口而(er)不向大(da)街。而(er)西(xi)部(bu)的(de)川(chuan)主宮則為(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)館建筑,系巴(ba)蜀客商(shang)集會(hui)地。
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)原(yuan)為(wei)土司(si)(si)地區(qu),元置(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)人大小江等(deng)處蠻夷長(chang)官司(si)(si),明初改銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)長(chang)官司(si)(si),屬思(si)南宣(xuan)慰(wei)司(si)(si)。明永樂十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1413年(nian)(nian))廢除思(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、思(si)南二宣(xuan)慰(wei)司(si)(si),改設(she)黔東(dong)(dong)八府,合貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)慰(wei)司(si)(si)建(jian)立(li)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)省。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)府與貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)建(jian)省同齡,在往后的歲月中(zhong),文(wen)(wen)(wen)教興(xing)起,商業繁盛,留(liu)下(xia)許多(duo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)古(gu)(gu)跡。從上世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)代起,銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)留(liu)下(xia)的文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)越來越受到重視,先是1982年(nian)(nian)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)省人民政府批(pi)準周逸群(qun)故(gu)居為(wei)省級(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位,繼后是1985年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)東(dong)(dong)山古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)列為(wei)省級(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位,1997年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)川主宮列為(wei)省保(bao)。2006年(nian)(nian),將銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)城區(qu)內的這些(xie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)聯合申(shen)報(bao),統稱為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)東(dong)(dong)山古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun),經國務院批(pi)準,公布(bu)為(wei)全(quan)國重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位。這組古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑反映了歷(li)史的滄桑,反映了銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)六百年(nian)(nian)的歷(li)史進程(cheng),也反映了邊遠地區(qu)政治、經濟、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化的演進。
錦(jin)江(jiang)(jiang)繞銅仁(ren)城而(er)過,江(jiang)(jiang)邊(bian)突兀聳起一座山(shan)(shan)峰,因在城東(dong)而(er)稱(cheng)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)。明朝正德十一年(1516年),參議蔡湖在東(dong)山(shan)(shan)臨江(jiang)(jiang)壁(bi)立(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)巔修建(jian)(jian)(jian)澄江(jiang)(jiang)亭(ting)和川上(shang)亭(ting),題為“舞雯遐(xia)思”。嘉靖二(er)(er)(er)(er)十二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(1543年),知(zhi)府(fu)李(li)資坤增建(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)觀樓,順治(zhi)十八年(1661年)知(zhi)府(fu)梁懋(mao)宸復修雙峰閣(ge)(ge)及(ji)兼隱庵。此后(hou)郡人及(ji)官紳(shen)先后(hou)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)真(zhen)武(wu)觀、文昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)、奎星閣(ge)(ge)、武(wu)侯(hou)祠、大(da)雄寶殿(dian)、護(hu)國樓、二(er)(er)(er)(er)吳亭(ting)等,綿延(yan)數(shu)百(bai)年而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)。山(shan)(shan)頂的(de)(de)一組(zu)(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)佛道相間,雷神殿(dian)后(hou)為真(zhen)武(wu)殿(dian),真(zhen)武(wu)殿(dian)后(hou)為大(da)雄寶殿(dian),大(da)殿(dian)后(hou)的(de)(de)天(tian)師(shi)(shi)殿(dian)為三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)三(san)(san)(san)檐六角攢尖(jian)頂閣(ge)(ge)樓,底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)(gong)張天(tian)師(shi)(shi),二(er)(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)(gong)白(bai)衣(yi)觀音,三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)(gong)送子觀音,各路神仙、菩薩(sa)在這里(li)和平共處(chu)。半山(shan)(shan)腰(yao)上(shang)的(de)(de)一組(zu)(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),以(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)圣(sheng)殿(dian)和文昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)為中心,二(er)(er)(er)(er)圣(sheng)殿(dian)面闊三(san)(san)(san)間,樓高三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng),底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)左供(gong)(gong)文昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)君,右供(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)圣(sheng),二(er)(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)(gong)諸葛(ge)武(wu)侯(hou),三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)(gong)魁星;文昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)為二(er)(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)四角攢尖(jian)頂閣(ge)(ge)樓,底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)(gong)文昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)君,二(er)(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)(gong)玉(yu)皇大(da)帝。看來宗教世俗化(hua)日益(yi)明顯,強調文治(zhi)武(wu)功,人們崇尚玉(yu)皇大(da)帝、文昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)君、關(guan)(guan)圣(sheng)和諸葛(ge)武(wu)侯(hou),二(er)(er)(er)(er)圣(sheng)殿(dian)內立(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)文昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)騎鹿、關(guan)(guan)公騎馬的(de)(de)泥塑。近江(jiang)(jiang)懸崖(ya)上(shang)的(de)(de)一組(zu)(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),有(you)(you)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)辛亥(hai)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)“光(guang)復紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)碑”,有(you)(you)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)護(hu)國戰爭勝利的(de)(de)護(hu)國樓和二(er)(er)(er)(er)吳亭(ting),有(you)(you)“抗日陣亡將(jiang)士(shi)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)碑”,1976年又建(jian)(jian)(jian)“唐(tang)山(shan)(shan)地(di)震不幸(xing)殉職同志紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)碑”。1990年,在東(dong)山(shan)(shan)麓建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)全(quan)國一個“儺文化(hua)博物館”。
東山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)宇建筑分布于山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂、山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)及山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓。明清以來,先后建過幾十座廟(miao)宇,現仍(reng)存川上亭(ting)、雷神殿(dian)、真武殿(dian)、大雄寶殿(dian)、東西廂(xiang)房,此(ci)外還有觀(guan)音閣(ge)、鎮遠樓、雙峰閣(ge)、藏書室(shi)、洗(xi)墨池、云彩江聲等古建筑或遺跡(ji)。建筑依山(shan)(shan)(shan)就勢,由(you)南而(er)北,由(you)西而(er)東,逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高,體(ti)現出傳統建筑與山(shan)(shan)(shan)區地形的結合。
川上亭建于東山(shan)臨江絕(jue)壁上,為兩(liang)重檐六角攢尖頂(ding)。大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)面闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深三(san)間(jian)(jian),穿斗、抬梁混合結構,硬山(shan)青(qing)瓦(wa)頂(ding)。真武殿(dian)(dian)面闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深五(wu)間(jian)(jian),穿斗式(shi)硬山(shan)頂(ding)。雷神殿(dian)(dian),面闊三(san)間(jian)(jian),進深三(san)間(jian)(jian),穿斗式(shi)硬山(shan)頂(ding)。飛山(shan)廟位于山(shan)麓(lu),為清(qing)康(kang)熙年(nian)間(jian)(jian)續修邊墻、鎮壓“紅苗”的副(fu)將(jiang)賀國(guo)賢建,現存(cun)戲樓、兩(liang)廂、正殿(dian)(dian),建筑面積1145.10平方米。
銅仁先(xian)后建(jian)(jian)有(you)川主(zhu)宮(gong)、萬壽宮(gong)、禹王(wang)宮(gong)、天后宮(gong)等會館(guan)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。川主(zhu)宮(gong)又(you)稱川主(zhu)廟,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于明洪武八年(nian)(1375年(nian)),其后屢有(you)修葺。清光(guang)緒四年(nian)(1878年(nian))增建(jian)(jian)完善。坐西(xi)(xi)北向東(dong)南。中軸對稱。自(zi)東(dong)南而西(xi)(xi)北依次為碼(ma)頭、牌(pai)樓(lou)(lou)大門、戲樓(lou)(lou)、正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)、兩廂、觀音殿(dian)等。現存牌(pai)樓(lou)(lou)大門、戲樓(lou)(lou)、正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)、兩廂等。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群背山(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)水,占地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積5000平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積1200平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)五間(jian)(jian),通面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)21.7米(mi),進(jin)深三間(jian)(jian),通進(jin)深8.9米(mi)。前帶(dai)抱廈,面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)三間(jian)(jian),通面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)13.5米(mi),進(jin)深一間(jian)(jian)3.6米(mi),穿(chuan)斗式封火山(shan)墻(qiang)青瓦頂。梁架上用駝峰及象頭形穿(chuan)插枋。脊瓜(gua)柱兩側用云紋飾叉手支(zhi)撐。格扇門窗(chuang)。大梁題記隱約可見。左廂維護墻(qiang)上嵌清咸豐(feng)、同治年(nian)間(jian)(jian)記事(shi)及告示(shi)碑5通。
銅仁現(xian)存城門兩座(zuo),碼(ma)頭(tou)4處,東山—江宗(zong)門—后水(shui)門段城墻(qiang)1800余米。城墻(qiang)多(duo)臨水(shui)而(er)建,皆以料(liao)石(shi)砌筑。碼(ma)頭(tou)有嚴格分工,除下(xia)南門碼(ma)頭(tou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)關卡外,其余均為(wei)(wei)(wei)貨(huo)運碼(ma)頭(tou)。便水(shui)門碼(ma)頭(tou)、江宗(zong)門碼(ma)頭(tou)專門停靠(kao)錦江上(shang)(shang)游(you)、梵凈山下(xia)來(lai)的桐油(you)、花生、木材、煙草、藥材、豬鬃、朱(zhu)砂、水(shui)銀(yin)等(deng)(deng)土(tu)特(te)產(chan)。中(zhong)南門碼(ma)頭(tou)、西門碼(ma)頭(tou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)運往湖南常德等(deng)(deng)地的土(tu)特(te)產(chan)和下(xia)游(you)運來(lai)的棉(mian)花、布匹、糖果、瓷器等(deng)(deng)物資裝卸用。川主宮(gong)碼(ma)頭(tou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)四川人專用,川鹽由(you)此上(shang)(shang)岸并轉(zhuan)運黔中(zhong)各地。明(ming)清(qing)時代(dai),中(zhong)南門碼(ma)頭(tou)位居銅仁各大(da)碼(ma)頭(tou)之首,現(xian)仍在使(shi)用中(zhong)。
明清以(yi)來(lai),隨著(zhu)“五(wu)溪(xi)”之一(yi)的錦江(jiang)(又(you)稱辰水、麻陽(yang)江(jiang))水運日(ri)趨(qu)發達,外(wai)省客商逆江(jiang)深入武陵(ling)腹地(di),使苗(miao)鄉古(gu)城、武陵(ling)明珠銅仁(ren)迅速崛起,大(da)批具(ju)有徽(hui)派建筑特點的民(min)居相繼落成,終(zhong)形成具(ju)有11條(tiao)街巷、135棟商住(zhu)合一(yi)的中南門民(min)居建筑群(qun)。湘(xiang)鄂西革命(ming)根據地(di)創建人之一(yi)、賀龍同志(zhi)入黨(dang)介(jie)紹人周逸群(qun)烈(lie)士(shi)的故(gu)居也位居其中。
中山路(lu)(lu)兩側及雙江路(lu)(lu)。其建(jian)筑布局(ju)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)店(dian)(dian)(dian)后宅或前(qian)店(dian)(dian)(dian)后坊(fang),店(dian)(dian)(dian)鋪后為(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)進(jin)院(yuan)、帶天井的(de)(de)四(si)合大(da)院(yuan)。平面上(shang)(shang)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)小面闊、大(da)進(jin)深的(de)(de)格局(ju),滿(man)足了在臨街方向爭得(de)一席經營的(de)(de)需求(qiu)。店(dian)(dian)(dian)鋪多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩層,為(wei)(wei)(wei)避雨和(he)遮陽,常做(zuo)成兩重檐(當地叫眉毛廈),采用產(chan)自(zi)梵(fan)凈山的(de)(de)粗(cu)大(da)椿木或柏木做(zuo)抬(tai)梁,其直(zhi)徑均(jun)在35厘米以上(shang)(shang)。
東山(shan)古建筑群(qun)具有重要文物價值,堪稱(cheng)武陵山(shan)區(qu)、錦(jin)江河畔(pan)的一顆(ke)明珠。
“銅仁”早稱“銅人(ren)”,曾置銅人(ren)大小(xiao)(xiao)江(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)處(chu)長官司。相傳(chuan)元(yuan)代(dai)有漁(yu)民(min)在(zai)大江(jiang)(jiang)、小(xiao)(xiao)江(jiang)(jiang)交匯處(chu)的巨(ju)崖(ya)下(xia)揀到(dao)三尊(zun)小(xiao)(xiao)銅人(ren),巨(ju)崖(ya)因此稱“銅崖(ya)”,其地因此稱“銅人(ren)”。不論傳(chuan)說是否(fou)可信,發源于武陵山(shan)主峰梵(fan)凈山(shan)的大江(jiang)(jiang)、小(xiao)(xiao)江(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)銅仁相匯則是不爭的事(shi)實。如果沒有梵(fan)凈山(shan),如果沒有大小(xiao)(xiao)江(jiang)(jiang),恐(kong)怕不會(hui)有銅仁。
憑借(jie)從梵凈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)流下的(de)錦江,可達百里洞庭,銅仁(ren)因此成為武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區的(de)大商埠,僅碼頭(tou)就多達六七座。銅仁(ren)碼頭(tou)是(shi)武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區面(mian)向中(zhong)州大地的(de)重要窗口(kou)。銅仁(ren)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)形成,得益于(yu)武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區的(de)自然和特產。因此,可以說,銅仁(ren)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群是(shi)觀察武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區豐富資源的(de)窗口(kou)。
銅仁秦漢(han)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)“武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)蠻(man)”居住(zhu)地,唐宋時(shi)(shi)為(wei)“五溪蠻(man)”居住(zhu)地。“武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)蠻(man)”、“五溪蠻(man)”是(shi)(shi)以苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)主體(ti)的(de)(de)眾多(duo)少數(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)祖先。元代銅仁置“銅人大小(xiao)江(jiang)等處蠻(man)夷長官(guan)司”。明永樂十(shi)一年(1413年)“改土(tu)歸(gui)流”,建(jian)(jian)銅仁府。銅仁是(shi)(shi)開(kai)發(fa)較(jiao)早的(de)(de)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)地區(qu)之一。自明清以來,錦江(jiang)水(shui)運日趨發(fa)達,大批湖南(nan)、江(jiang)西客商逆江(jiang)來到銅仁,與(yu)當地少數(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)共同(tong)開(kai)發(fa)武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu),再加上(shang)川鹽入黔(qian),促進了銅仁府的(de)(de)發(fa)展與(yu)繁(fan)榮。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)(shi),銅仁還是(shi)(shi)歷代封建(jian)(jian)王朝(chao)“開(kai)辟苗(miao)疆”的(de)(de)前沿陣地,民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)沖突時(shi)(shi)有發(fa)生。反映在(zai)古建(jian)(jian)筑方面(mian),即有“經兵火,樓盡毀”、“郡署毀于苗(miao)”等記載(zai)。但(dan)從(cong)另(ling)一方面(mian)看,“前沿陣地”利于加速文化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流與(yu)融合(he),從(cong)而使(shi)銅仁成(cheng)為(wei)少數(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)中原(yuan)傳統文化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)水(shui)乳交(jiao)融之地。譬(pi)如(ru)石庫門(men)上(shang)浮雕(diao)八卦、八仙、古錢、萬字、魚(yu)形水(shui)草、水(shui)牛(niu)望月、山(shan)羊銜芝、牛(niu)角(jiao)守門(men)等圖案。將(jiang)葉子(zi)刻(ke)成(cheng)鯉(li)魚(yu)形,將(jiang)犀牛(niu)望月刻(ke)成(cheng)水(shui)牛(niu)望月,將(jiang)野鹿含芝刻(ke)成(cheng)山(shan)羊含芝,特別是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)水(shui)牛(niu)角(jiao)鐫刻(ke)于石庫門(men)上(shang)以示水(shui)牛(niu)把門(men),都是(shi)(shi)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)典型標(biao)志(zhi)。在(zai)武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu),魚(yu)不僅(jin)是(shi)(shi)富裕(yu)的(de)(de)象(xiang)征,還是(shi)(shi)繁(fan)榮的(de)(de)標(biao)志(zhi),而水(shui)牛(niu)則為(wei)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)村民(min)(min)的(de)(de)主要崇拜對象(xiang)。東(dong)山(shan)古建(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)是(shi)(shi)研究武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)地區(qu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)關系的(de)(de)實物資料。
與東山遙(yao)相(xiang)對(dui)應(ying),在(zai)(zai)大、小兩江(jiang)匯流處有(you)一(yi)座聳立(li)于江(jiang)心的銅(tong)巖(yan),正德十一(yi)年參(can)議(yi)蔡湖(hu)在(zai)(zai)巖(yan)上建(jian)(jian)(jian)跨鰲亭(ting),期盼銅(tong)仁(ren)(ren)生(sheng)員科(ke)舉考試能獨占(zhan)鰲頭。康熙(xi)四(si)(si)十九年(1710年)知(zhi)府(fu)蘇稷改銅(tong)巖(yan)為小金山,增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)上下兩亭(ting),后人(ren)撰楹聯一(yi)副:“雙亭(ting)蕩云海,一(yi)柱砥風濤(tao)”,又在(zai)(zai)巖(yan)壁上題(ti)“中流砥柱”四(si)(si)個(ge)大字(zi)(zi)。1993年,銅(tong)仁(ren)(ren)市人(ren)民政府(fu)重修跨鰲亭(ting),為三(san)檐六角攢尖頂(ding),高18米。沿江(jiang)而下有(you)水(shui)星閣(ge)(ge),它建(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)面傍山、三(san)面環水(shui)的地方,上方有(you)漁(yu)梁(liang)(liang)灘,每當皓月當空,江(jiang)水(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan),碧波點(dian)點(dian),構成“漁(yu)梁(liang)(liang)夜月”勝景。明(ming)嘉靖十四(si)(si)年(1535年)知(zhi)府(fu)魏文相(xiang)在(zai)(zai)火星巖(yan)上開鑿(zao)一(yi)池,大書一(yi)個(ge)“水(shui)”字(zi)(zi),據(ju)說是以水(shui)克(ke)水(shui),又建(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)閣(ge)(ge)為民禳災祈福(fu),康熙(xi)九年(1670年)知(zhi)縣趙景福(fu)在(zai)(zai)原址建(jian)(jian)(jian)閣(ge)(ge),易名水(shui)星閣(ge)(ge)。