東(dong)山(shan)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群全(quan)國重點文物保護單位(wei),明至清代(dai)樓(lou)(lou)閣寺(si)觀(guan)(guan)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群。位(wei)于(yu)貴州省銅仁市城東(dong)隅,南臨錦江。占地約3萬(wan)平(ping)方米。銅仁東(dong)山(shan)古(gu)木(mu)參天,風景秀麗。明清古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群有(you)明正德十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1516年(nian)(nian))在山(shan)巔建(jian)的(de)(de)“澄江樓(lou)(lou)”、“川(chuan)上亭(ting)”,嘉靖(jing)二(er)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1543年(nian)(nian))增(zeng)建(jian)的(de)(de)“大(da)(da)觀(guan)(guan)樓(lou)(lou)”,清道光(guang)(guang)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1822年(nian)(nian))建(jian)的(de)(de)“奎星(xing)閣”,以及其(qi)他清代(dai)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)崇真(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)、崇仙宮、真(zhen)武觀(guan)(guan)、文昌宮、大(da)(da)雄(xiong)殿、武侯祠、魁星(xing)樓(lou)(lou)、護國樓(lou)(lou)、二(er)吳亭(ting)等(deng)。大(da)(da)致(zhi)分山(shan)頂(ding)、西側山(shan)坡、南側崖頂(ding)三組。山(shan)頂(ding)僅(jin)存的(de)(de)雷神殿和(he)真(zhen)武殿,一前一后(hou),面闊(kuo)各三間、五間,山(shan)墻均為(wei)屏風墻。真(zhen)武殿后(hou)還有(you)大(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿及吊腳樓(lou)(lou)形(xing)式的(de)(de)左右配殿。現辟(pi)為(wei)貴州銅仁文化博物館。館旁有(you)建(jian)于(yu)1912年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)復紀(ji)念碑。
銅仁東山(shan)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)位(wei)于銅仁市中山(shan)路(lu)兩側(ce)及(ji)大江(jiang)北路(lu)東側(ce),始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于明初,清代(dai)續(xu)修,現(xian)存建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)大部分為(wei)(wei)清代(dai)遺(yi)構。銅仁東山(shan)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)集廟(miao)宇(yu)、會館、民居、店鋪、古城墻、碼頭(tou)及(ji)自然(ran)(ran) 山(shan)水于一(yi)隅,類別(bie)豐富、規模(mo)宏(hong)大。占(zhan)地(di)面積11 萬平(ping)方(fang)米,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積27555 平(ping)方(fang)米,分東、西 兩個部分。東部為(wei)(wei)廟(miao)宇(yu)、城墻、碼頭(tou)、民居。廟(miao)宇(yu)依山(shan)而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),民居以江(jiang)為(wei)(wei)屏,多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)前(qian)店后宅, 周(zhou)以高墻圍護,內辟若(ruo)干天井。多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)四合院(yuan),亦有三合院(yuan),雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)中軸對(dui)稱(cheng),但(dan)大門(men)隨地(di)勢多(duo)(duo)朝 巷(xiang)口(kou)而不向大街(jie)。而西部的川主(zhu)宮則為(wei)(wei)會館建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),系巴蜀客商集會地(di)。
銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)原為(wei)土司(si)地區(qu),元置銅(tong)(tong)人大(da)小江等(deng)處蠻夷長官(guan)司(si),明初(chu)改銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)長官(guan)司(si),屬(shu)思(si)(si)南宣慰司(si)。明永(yong)樂十一年(nian)(nian)(1413年(nian)(nian))廢除思(si)(si)州(zhou)、思(si)(si)南二宣慰司(si),改設黔東八府(fu),合(he)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)宣慰司(si)建立(li)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)(sheng)。銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)府(fu)與貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)建省(sheng)(sheng)同齡(ling),在往后的(de)(de)歲月中,文(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)興起,商(shang)業繁盛,留下許多(duo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)古(gu)跡(ji)。從上世紀80年(nian)(nian)代起,銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)留下的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)越(yue)來越(yue)受到(dao)重(zhong)視,先(xian)是1982年(nian)(nian)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)(sheng)人民政府(fu)批(pi)(pi)準周(zhou)逸群(qun)故居為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位,繼后是1985年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)東山(shan)古(gu)建筑群(qun)列為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位,1997年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)川(chuan)主宮列為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)保。2006年(nian)(nian),將(jiang)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)城區(qu)內的(de)(de)這些文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)聯合(he)申報,統稱(cheng)為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)東山(shan)古(gu)建筑群(qun),經(jing)國務院(yuan)批(pi)(pi)準,公布為(wei)全國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位。這組古(gu)建筑反映了歷史的(de)(de)滄(cang)桑,反映了銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)六(liu)百年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)歷史進程,也反映了邊遠地區(qu)政治、經(jing)濟、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)演(yan)進。
錦江繞銅仁城而(er)過,江邊突兀聳起(qi)一(yi)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰,因在(zai)城東而(er)稱東山(shan)(shan)(shan)。明朝正德十(shi)一(yi)年(1516年),參議蔡(cai)湖在(zai)東山(shan)(shan)(shan)臨(lin)江壁立(li)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巔(dian)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)澄江亭和川上亭,題為(wei)(wei)(wei)“舞雯遐思”。嘉靖二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(1543年),知(zhi)府(fu)李資坤增建(jian)(jian)大(da)觀樓,順治(zhi)十(shi)八年(1661年)知(zhi)府(fu)梁懋宸(chen)復修(xiu)雙峰閣(ge)(ge)及(ji)兼隱庵。此(ci)后(hou)郡人(ren)及(ji)官(guan)紳先(xian)后(hou)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)真(zhen)(zhen)武觀、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌閣(ge)(ge)、奎(kui)星閣(ge)(ge)、武侯祠、大(da)雄寶殿、護(hu)國(guo)樓、二(er)(er)吳(wu)亭等,綿延數百年而(er)形(xing)成東山(shan)(shan)(shan)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群。山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂的(de)一(yi)組(zu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)佛(fo)道相(xiang)間(jian),雷神殿后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)武殿,真(zhen)(zhen)武殿后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)雄寶殿,大(da)殿后(hou)的(de)天師殿為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)層三(san)(san)檐六角攢尖頂閣(ge)(ge)樓,底(di)層供(gong)(gong)張天師,二(er)(er)層供(gong)(gong)白(bai)衣觀音,三(san)(san)層供(gong)(gong)送子觀音,各路(lu)神仙、菩薩(sa)在(zai)這(zhe)里和平共處。半山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)上的(de)一(yi)組(zu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),以二(er)(er)圣殿和文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌閣(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中心,二(er)(er)圣殿面(mian)闊(kuo)三(san)(san)間(jian),樓高三(san)(san)層,底(di)層左供(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌君,右(you)供(gong)(gong)關(guan)(guan)圣,二(er)(er)層供(gong)(gong)諸(zhu)葛武侯,三(san)(san)層供(gong)(gong)魁星;文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌閣(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)層四(si)角攢尖頂閣(ge)(ge)樓,底(di)層供(gong)(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌君,二(er)(er)層供(gong)(gong)玉皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di)。看來宗(zong)教世(shi)俗化日(ri)益明顯(xian),強調文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)治(zhi)武功,人(ren)們崇尚玉皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)(di)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌君、關(guan)(guan)圣和諸(zhu)葛武侯,二(er)(er)圣殿內(nei)立(li)有文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌騎(qi)(qi)鹿、關(guan)(guan)公騎(qi)(qi)馬的(de)泥(ni)塑。近江懸崖(ya)上的(de)一(yi)組(zu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),有紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)辛(xin)亥革(ge)命(ming)的(de)“光(guang)復紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)”,有紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)護(hu)國(guo)戰爭勝利(li)的(de)護(hu)國(guo)樓和二(er)(er)吳(wu)亭,有“抗日(ri)陣亡將士紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)”,1976年又建(jian)(jian)“唐山(shan)(shan)(shan)地震不幸殉職同志紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)”。1990年,在(zai)東山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓建(jian)(jian)立(li)全(quan)國(guo)一(yi)個“儺文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化博物(wu)館”。
東(dong)山(shan)(shan)廟宇(yu)建(jian)筑分(fen)布于山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)、山(shan)(shan)腰及山(shan)(shan)麓。明清以(yi)來(lai),先后建(jian)過幾十座廟宇(yu),現仍存川上亭、雷(lei)神(shen)殿(dian)、真(zhen)武殿(dian)、大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)、東(dong)西(xi)廂房,此外還有觀(guan)音閣(ge)、鎮(zhen)遠樓、雙峰閣(ge)、藏(zang)書室、洗墨池、云彩江聲(sheng)等(deng)古建(jian)筑或遺跡。建(jian)筑依(yi)山(shan)(shan)就勢,由南(nan)而北,由西(xi)而東(dong),逐漸升高,體(ti)現出傳統建(jian)筑與(yu)山(shan)(shan)區地(di)形的結合。
川(chuan)上亭建(jian)于東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)臨江絕壁上,為兩重檐六角攢尖頂(ding)(ding)。大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深三(san)間(jian),穿(chuan)斗、抬梁混合(he)結構,硬(ying)(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)青瓦(wa)頂(ding)(ding)。真武殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深五(wu)間(jian),穿(chuan)斗式(shi)硬(ying)(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。雷神殿(dian)(dian)(dian),面(mian)(mian)闊三(san)間(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深三(san)間(jian),穿(chuan)斗式(shi)硬(ying)(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。飛山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)位于山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓,為清康熙(xi)年間(jian)續修邊墻、鎮壓“紅(hong)苗”的(de)副將(jiang)賀國賢(xian)建(jian),現存(cun)戲樓(lou)、兩廂、正殿(dian)(dian)(dian),建(jian)筑面(mian)(mian)積1145.10平方(fang)米(mi)。
銅仁先后(hou)建有(you)川(chuan)主宮(gong)、萬(wan)壽宮(gong)、禹王宮(gong)、天后(hou)宮(gong)等會(hui)館(guan)建筑。川(chuan)主宮(gong)又稱川(chuan)主廟(miao),始建于(yu)明洪武八年(1375年),其后(hou)屢(lv)有(you)修(xiu)葺。清(qing)光緒四(si)年(1878年)增建完善。坐西北向東南。中軸對稱。自東南而西北依(yi)次為碼頭、牌樓(lou)大(da)(da)門、戲樓(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)、兩廂(xiang)、觀音(yin)殿(dian)等。現存牌樓(lou)大(da)(da)門、戲樓(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)、兩廂(xiang)等。建筑群背山面水,占地(di)面積5000平方(fang)米(mi),建筑面積1200平方(fang)米(mi)。正(zheng)殿(dian)面闊(kuo)五間(jian),通面闊(kuo)21.7米(mi),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)三間(jian),通進(jin)(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)8.9米(mi)。前帶(dai)抱廈,面闊(kuo)三間(jian),通面闊(kuo)13.5米(mi),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)一間(jian)3.6米(mi),穿斗式封(feng)火山墻(qiang)青(qing)瓦頂。梁架上用(yong)駝峰及(ji)象頭形穿插枋。脊瓜柱(zhu)兩側(ce)用(yong)云(yun)紋飾(shi)叉手(shou)支撐。格扇門窗。大(da)(da)梁題記(ji)隱(yin)約可見(jian)。左廂(xiang)維護墻(qiang)上嵌清(qing)咸豐、同治(zhi)年間(jian)記(ji)事及(ji)告(gao)示碑5通。
銅仁現存城(cheng)門(men)兩座,碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)4處,東山—江(jiang)宗(zong)門(men)—后(hou)水門(men)段城(cheng)墻(qiang)1800余米。城(cheng)墻(qiang)多臨水而建,皆以料石砌筑。碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)有嚴格分工,除下南門(men)碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)為(wei)關卡外,其余均(jun)為(wei)貨運(yun)碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。便水門(men)碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、江(jiang)宗(zong)門(men)碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)專門(men)停(ting)靠錦江(jiang)上游、梵(fan)凈(jing)山下來的桐油、花生、木材、煙草(cao)、藥材、豬鬃、朱砂、水銀等(deng)土特(te)產。中(zhong)南門(men)碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、西門(men)碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)為(wei)運(yun)往湖南常德等(deng)地的土特(te)產和下游運(yun)來的棉花、布匹、糖果(guo)、瓷器(qi)等(deng)物資裝卸(xie)用。川(chuan)主宮碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)為(wei)四(si)川(chuan)人專用,川(chuan)鹽由此上岸并轉運(yun)黔中(zhong)各(ge)地。明清時代(dai),中(zhong)南門(men)碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)位(wei)居(ju)銅仁各(ge)大碼(ma)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)之首,現仍(reng)在使用中(zhong)。
明(ming)清以(yi)來(lai),隨著“五溪”之一的(de)錦(jin)江(又稱辰水、麻陽江)水運日趨發達(da),外(wai)省客(ke)商逆江深入武陵腹地,使苗(miao)鄉古城、武陵明(ming)珠銅仁迅速崛(jue)起(qi),大批具有(you)徽派建(jian)筑(zhu)特點的(de)民(min)居相繼(ji)落(luo)成,終形(xing)成具有(you)11條街巷、135棟商住合一的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)南門民(min)居建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)(qun)。湘鄂(e)西革(ge)命根據地創建(jian)人(ren)之一、賀龍(long)同志入黨介紹人(ren)周逸群(qun)(qun)烈士的(de)故居也位(wei)居其中(zhong)(zhong)。
中山(shan)路(lu)兩側及(ji)雙江路(lu)。其建(jian)筑(zhu)布局多為(wei)(wei)前店(dian)后(hou)宅或前店(dian)后(hou)坊,店(dian)鋪后(hou)為(wei)(wei)多進(jin)院、帶天井(jing)的四合大(da)院。平(ping)面上(shang)多為(wei)(wei)小面闊、大(da)進(jin)深(shen)的格(ge)局,滿(man)足了在(zai)臨街(jie)方向爭得一席(xi)經營(ying)的需求。店(dian)鋪多為(wei)(wei)兩層,為(wei)(wei)避雨和(he)遮(zhe)陽,常做(zuo)成兩重檐(當地(di)叫眉(mei)毛廈),采用產自梵凈(jing)山(shan)的粗大(da)椿木或柏(bo)木做(zuo)抬梁(liang),其直(zhi)徑均在(zai)35厘米以(yi)上(shang)。
東山(shan)古建筑(zhu)群具有重要文物(wu)價值,堪稱武陵山(shan)區(qu)、錦(jin)江河畔的(de)一顆(ke)明珠。
“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁”早(zao)稱“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)人(ren)”,曾置(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)人(ren)大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)江等處長官(guan)司。相傳元代有(you)漁民(min)在(zai)大江、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)江交匯(hui)處的巨崖(ya)下(xia)揀到三(san)尊(zun)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)人(ren),巨崖(ya)因此(ci)稱“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)崖(ya)”,其地因此(ci)稱“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)人(ren)”。不論(lun)傳說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)否可信,發(fa)源于武陵山主峰梵(fan)凈山的大江、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)江在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁相匯(hui)則是(shi)(shi)不爭的事實。如果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)梵(fan)凈山,如果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)江,恐怕不會有(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)仁。
憑借從梵凈山(shan)流(liu)下的(de)(de)錦江(jiang),可(ke)(ke)達(da)百里洞(dong)庭,銅仁(ren)(ren)(ren)因(yin)此成為武陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)商埠,僅(jin)碼頭就多達(da)六七座。銅仁(ren)(ren)(ren)碼頭是(shi)武陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu)面向(xiang)中(zhong)州大(da)(da)地的(de)(de)重要窗(chuang)口。銅仁(ren)(ren)(ren)東山(shan)古建筑群(qun)的(de)(de)形(xing)成,得(de)益(yi)于(yu)武陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu)的(de)(de)自然和特產。因(yin)此,可(ke)(ke)以說(shuo),銅仁(ren)(ren)(ren)東山(shan)古建筑群(qun)是(shi)觀察武陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu)豐富(fu)資(zi)源的(de)(de)窗(chuang)口。
銅仁(ren)(ren)秦(qin)漢(han)時(shi)為“武(wu)陵(ling)(ling)蠻(man)(man)”居住地(di)(di)(di),唐宋時(shi)為“五溪蠻(man)(man)”居住地(di)(di)(di)。“武(wu)陵(ling)(ling)蠻(man)(man)”、“五溪蠻(man)(man)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)以苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)為主體的(de)(de)眾(zhong)多少數民(min)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)祖先。元代(dai)銅仁(ren)(ren)置“銅人大小江(jiang)等(deng)(deng)處蠻(man)(man)夷(yi)長官司”。明永樂十一(yi)年(1413年)“改土歸流(liu)”,建(jian)(jian)銅仁(ren)(ren)府。銅仁(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)開發(fa)(fa)較早的(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)(di)(di)區之一(yi)。自明清以來,錦江(jiang)水(shui)運日趨發(fa)(fa)達,大批湖南、江(jiang)西客(ke)商逆江(jiang)來到銅仁(ren)(ren),與(yu)(yu)當地(di)(di)(di)少數民(min)族(zu)(zu)共同開發(fa)(fa)武(wu)陵(ling)(ling)山區,再加(jia)上(shang)(shang)川鹽(yan)入黔,促進(jin)了銅仁(ren)(ren)府的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)(yu)繁(fan)榮。與(yu)(yu)此同時(shi),銅仁(ren)(ren)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)歷(li)代(dai)封建(jian)(jian)王朝“開辟苗(miao)疆”的(de)(de)前沿(yan)陣地(di)(di)(di),民(min)族(zu)(zu)沖突(tu)時(shi)有發(fa)(fa)生。反映(ying)在(zai)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑方(fang)(fang)面(mian),即有“經(jing)兵火,樓盡毀(hui)”、“郡署毀(hui)于苗(miao)”等(deng)(deng)記載。但從另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)看,“前沿(yan)陣地(di)(di)(di)”利(li)于加(jia)速文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)交流(liu)與(yu)(yu)融(rong)合(he),從而使銅仁(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)為少數民(min)族(zu)(zu)文(wen)化(hua)與(yu)(yu)中原(yuan)傳統文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)水(shui)乳交融(rong)之地(di)(di)(di)。譬如石(shi)庫門(men)上(shang)(shang)浮雕八卦、八仙(xian)、古(gu)(gu)錢(qian)、萬(wan)字、魚形水(shui)草、水(shui)牛(niu)望月、山羊(yang)銜芝(zhi)(zhi)、牛(niu)角(jiao)守門(men)等(deng)(deng)圖案。將葉子刻(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)鯉魚形,將犀(xi)牛(niu)望月刻(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)牛(niu)望月,將野鹿含芝(zhi)(zhi)刻(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)山羊(yang)含芝(zhi)(zhi),特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)將水(shui)牛(niu)角(jiao)鐫刻(ke)于石(shi)庫門(men)上(shang)(shang)以示水(shui)牛(niu)把門(men),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)文(wen)化(hua)典型標(biao)志。在(zai)武(wu)陵(ling)(ling)山區,魚不僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)富(fu)裕的(de)(de)象征,還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)繁(fan)榮的(de)(de)標(biao)志,而水(shui)牛(niu)則為苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)村(cun)民(min)的(de)(de)主要崇拜對象。東山古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群是(shi)(shi)(shi)研究武(wu)陵(ling)(ling)地(di)(di)(di)區民(min)族(zu)(zu)關系的(de)(de)實(shi)物(wu)資料。
與東山(shan)遙相對應,在(zai)大、小兩江匯流處(chu)有一(yi)(yi)座聳立(li)于江心的銅(tong)巖,正德十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)參(can)議蔡湖在(zai)巖上(shang)(shang)建跨鰲(ao)亭(ting),期盼(pan)銅(tong)仁生員科舉考試能獨占鰲(ao)頭。康熙四十九年(nian)(1710年(nian))知府蘇稷改銅(tong)巖為小金山(shan),增建上(shang)(shang)下兩亭(ting),后人撰楹(ying)聯一(yi)(yi)副:“雙(shuang)亭(ting)蕩云海(hai),一(yi)(yi)柱砥風濤”,又在(zai)巖壁上(shang)(shang)題“中流砥柱”四個大字(zi)。1993年(nian),銅(tong)仁市人民政府重修跨鰲(ao)亭(ting),為三檐六角(jiao)攢尖頂,高18米(mi)。沿江而下有水(shui)星(xing)閣(ge),它(ta)建在(zai)一(yi)(yi)面(mian)傍(bang)山(shan)、三面(mian)環(huan)水(shui)的地方(fang),上(shang)(shang)方(fang)有漁梁灘,每當(dang)皓月當(dang)空(kong),江水(shui)潺潺,碧波點(dian)點(dian),構(gou)成“漁梁夜月”勝景(jing)。明(ming)嘉靖十四年(nian)(1535年(nian))知府魏文相在(zai)火(huo)星(xing)巖上(shang)(shang)開(kai)鑿一(yi)(yi)池(chi),大書一(yi)(yi)個“水(shui)”字(zi),據說是以水(shui)克水(shui),又建一(yi)(yi)閣(ge)為民禳災祈福,康熙九年(nian)(1670年(nian))知縣趙景(jing)福在(zai)原址建閣(ge),易(yi)名水(shui)星(xing)閣(ge)。