東(dong)山(shan)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)全國重點文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位,明至清代(dai)樓(lou)(lou)閣寺觀(guan)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)。位于貴(gui)州省銅(tong)仁市(shi)城東(dong)隅,南(nan)臨錦江。占地約3萬平方米。銅(tong)仁東(dong)山(shan)古木參天,風景秀麗。明清古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)有明正德十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1516年(nian)(nian))在山(shan)巔建(jian)(jian)的(de)“澄江樓(lou)(lou)”、“川上亭”,嘉(jia)靖(jing)二十二年(nian)(nian)(1543年(nian)(nian))增建(jian)(jian)的(de)“大(da)觀(guan)樓(lou)(lou)”,清道光二年(nian)(nian)(1822年(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)的(de)“奎星(xing)閣”,以(yi)及(ji)其他清代(dai)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)崇(chong)真(zhen)觀(guan)、崇(chong)仙宮(gong)、真(zhen)武(wu)觀(guan)、文(wen)昌(chang)宮(gong)、大(da)雄殿、武(wu)侯祠、魁星(xing)樓(lou)(lou)、護(hu)(hu)國樓(lou)(lou)、二吳亭等(deng)。大(da)致分山(shan)頂(ding)、西側山(shan)坡、南(nan)側崖頂(ding)三組。山(shan)頂(ding)僅存的(de)雷神殿和真(zhen)武(wu)殿,一(yi)前一(yi)后(hou),面闊各(ge)三間(jian)、五間(jian),山(shan)墻(qiang)均為屏風墻(qiang)。真(zhen)武(wu)殿后(hou)還有大(da)雄寶殿及(ji)吊腳樓(lou)(lou)形式的(de)左(zuo)右(you)配殿。現辟為貴(gui)州銅(tong)仁文(wen)化(hua)博物(wu)館。館旁(pang)有建(jian)(jian)于1912年(nian)(nian)的(de)光復(fu)紀念碑(bei)。
銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)東山(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群位(wei)于(yu)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)市(shi)中山(shan)(shan)路兩(liang)側(ce)及(ji)大(da)(da)江北路東側(ce),始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)明初,清代(dai)續修,現存建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清代(dai)遺(yi)構。銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)東山(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群集廟(miao)宇、會(hui)館、民居、店鋪(pu)、古(gu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)、碼頭及(ji)自然 山(shan)(shan)水于(yu)一隅,類別豐富、規模宏大(da)(da)。占地面積11 萬平方米,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積27555 平方米,分(fen)東、西 兩(liang)個部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。東部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廟(miao)宇、城(cheng)墻(qiang)、碼頭、民居。廟(miao)宇依山(shan)(shan)而建(jian)(jian),民居以江為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)屏,多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前店后宅, 周以高(gao)墻(qiang)圍護(hu),內辟若干(gan)天井。多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四合(he)院,亦有三合(he)院,雖然中軸對(dui)稱,但(dan)大(da)(da)門隨地勢(shi)多(duo)朝(chao) 巷口(kou)而不向大(da)(da)街。而西部(bu)(bu)(bu)的川(chuan)主宮則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)館建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),系(xi)巴蜀客(ke)商(shang)集會(hui)地。
銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)原為(wei)土司地區,元置銅(tong)(tong)人大小(xiao)江等處蠻(man)夷(yi)長(chang)(chang)官(guan)司,明初改銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)長(chang)(chang)官(guan)司,屬思南宣慰司。明永樂十一年(nian)(nian)(1413年(nian)(nian))廢除思州(zhou)、思南二宣慰司,改設黔東八府(fu)(fu),合貴(gui)州(zhou)宣慰司建(jian)立貴(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)(sheng)。銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)府(fu)(fu)與貴(gui)州(zhou)建(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)同(tong)齡,在往(wang)后(hou)的(de)歲月中,文教興起,商業繁盛,留下許多(duo)文物(wu)(wu)古跡(ji)。從上世紀80年(nian)(nian)代起,銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)留下的(de)文物(wu)(wu)越來越受到(dao)重視(shi),先是1982年(nian)(nian)貴(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)(sheng)人民政府(fu)(fu)批準周逸群(qun)故居為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位,繼(ji)后(hou)是1985年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)東山(shan)古建(jian)筑群(qun)列為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位,1997年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)川主宮列為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)。2006年(nian)(nian),將(jiang)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)城區內的(de)這(zhe)些文物(wu)(wu)聯合申報,統稱為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)東山(shan)古建(jian)筑群(qun),經國(guo)(guo)務院批準,公布為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)重點文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位。這(zhe)組(zu)古建(jian)筑反映(ying)了(le)歷史的(de)滄桑,反映(ying)了(le)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)六百年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史進程,也反映(ying)了(le)邊遠地區政治(zhi)、經濟、文化的(de)演進。
錦江(jiang)(jiang)繞銅仁城(cheng)而過,江(jiang)(jiang)邊突(tu)兀聳起一(yi)座山(shan)峰,因在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)東(dong)而稱東(dong)山(shan)。明朝正德十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1516年(nian)(nian)(nian)),參議蔡湖在(zai)(zai)東(dong)山(shan)臨江(jiang)(jiang)壁立(li)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)巔修建(jian)澄江(jiang)(jiang)亭(ting)和(he)(he)川上亭(ting),題為(wei)“舞雯遐思”。嘉靖(jing)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1543年(nian)(nian)(nian)),知府(fu)李(li)資坤(kun)增建(jian)大(da)(da)觀樓(lou)(lou),順治十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1661年(nian)(nian)(nian))知府(fu)梁懋宸復(fu)修雙峰閣及兼隱庵。此后郡人及官紳先(xian)后修建(jian)真武(wu)觀、文(wen)(wen)昌閣、奎星閣、武(wu)侯(hou)祠、大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)、護國樓(lou)(lou)、二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)吳亭(ting)等,綿延數(shu)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)而形成東(dong)山(shan)古建(jian)筑群。山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)組(zu)建(jian)筑佛道(dao)相(xiang)間,雷(lei)神殿(dian)(dian)后為(wei)真武(wu)殿(dian)(dian),真武(wu)殿(dian)(dian)后為(wei)大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian),大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)后的(de)(de)(de)天師殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)三(san)(san)檐六角攢尖(jian)頂(ding)(ding)閣樓(lou)(lou),底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)張天師,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)白衣觀音,三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)送子觀音,各路神仙、菩薩在(zai)(zai)這里(li)和(he)(he)平共處。半山(shan)腰上的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)組(zu)建(jian)筑,以二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)昌閣為(wei)中心(xin),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)面(mian)闊三(san)(san)間,樓(lou)(lou)高三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng),底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)左供(gong)文(wen)(wen)昌君(jun),右供(gong)關(guan)圣(sheng),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)諸(zhu)葛武(wu)侯(hou),三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)魁星;文(wen)(wen)昌閣為(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)四角攢尖(jian)頂(ding)(ding)閣樓(lou)(lou),底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)文(wen)(wen)昌君(jun),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)供(gong)玉皇大(da)(da)帝。看來宗教世俗化日(ri)益明顯,強(qiang)調文(wen)(wen)治武(wu)功(gong),人們崇尚玉皇大(da)(da)帝、文(wen)(wen)昌君(jun)、關(guan)圣(sheng)和(he)(he)諸(zhu)葛武(wu)侯(hou),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)內立(li)有文(wen)(wen)昌騎(qi)鹿、關(guan)公騎(qi)馬的(de)(de)(de)泥塑。近江(jiang)(jiang)懸崖上的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)組(zu)建(jian)筑,有紀(ji)念(nian)辛(xin)亥革命的(de)(de)(de)“光復(fu)紀(ji)念(nian)碑”,有紀(ji)念(nian)護國戰爭勝利的(de)(de)(de)護國樓(lou)(lou)和(he)(he)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)吳亭(ting),有“抗日(ri)陣亡將(jiang)士(shi)紀(ji)念(nian)碑”,1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)又建(jian)“唐山(shan)地(di)震不幸殉(xun)職同志紀(ji)念(nian)碑”。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian),在(zai)(zai)東(dong)山(shan)麓建(jian)立(li)全國一(yi)個“儺文(wen)(wen)化博物館”。
東山(shan)(shan)廟(miao)宇建(jian)(jian)筑分布于山(shan)(shan)頂、山(shan)(shan)腰(yao)及(ji)山(shan)(shan)麓。明清以(yi)來,先后建(jian)(jian)過幾十(shi)座廟(miao)宇,現仍存川上(shang)亭(ting)、雷神殿、真武殿、大雄寶殿、東西廂房,此(ci)外(wai)還(huan)有觀音閣(ge)、鎮遠樓、雙峰閣(ge)、藏(zang)書室(shi)、洗墨池、云(yun)彩(cai)江聲等古建(jian)(jian)筑或遺跡。建(jian)(jian)筑依山(shan)(shan)就勢,由南而(er)北(bei),由西而(er)東,逐漸升高,體(ti)現出傳統建(jian)(jian)筑與山(shan)(shan)區地形的(de)結合。
川上亭建于東山(shan)臨江絕(jue)壁上,為兩重檐六角攢(zan)尖頂。大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),穿斗、抬梁混(hun)合(he)結構,硬山(shan)青瓦頂。真武殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)五間(jian)(jian)(jian),穿斗式(shi)硬山(shan)頂。雷神殿(dian),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),穿斗式(shi)硬山(shan)頂。飛(fei)山(shan)廟位于山(shan)麓(lu),為清康熙(xi)年(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)續修邊墻、鎮壓“紅苗”的(de)副將賀國賢建,現存戲(xi)樓(lou)、兩廂、正殿(dian),建筑面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1145.10平方米。
銅仁先后(hou)建(jian)(jian)有川(chuan)主(zhu)宮、萬壽宮、禹(yu)王宮、天(tian)后(hou)宮等(deng)會館建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。川(chuan)主(zhu)宮又稱川(chuan)主(zhu)廟,始建(jian)(jian)于明洪(hong)武八年(nian)(nian)(1375年(nian)(nian)),其后(hou)屢有修(xiu)葺。清光(guang)緒四年(nian)(nian)(1878年(nian)(nian))增建(jian)(jian)完善。坐西北(bei)向東(dong)(dong)南。中軸對(dui)稱。自東(dong)(dong)南而西北(bei)依次(ci)為(wei)碼頭、牌樓(lou)大(da)門(men)、戲樓(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)、兩廂、觀音殿(dian)(dian)等(deng)。現存牌樓(lou)大(da)門(men)、戲樓(lou)、正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)、兩廂等(deng)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群背山面(mian)水(shui),占地(di)面(mian)積5000平方米(mi),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積1200平方米(mi)。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)面(mian)闊五間(jian),通面(mian)闊21.7米(mi),進(jin)深三間(jian),通進(jin)深8.9米(mi)。前帶(dai)抱廈,面(mian)闊三間(jian),通面(mian)闊13.5米(mi),進(jin)深一間(jian)3.6米(mi),穿斗(dou)式(shi)封火山墻(qiang)青瓦頂。梁(liang)架上(shang)用駝峰(feng)及(ji)(ji)象(xiang)頭形穿插枋(fang)。脊(ji)瓜柱兩側(ce)用云紋飾叉(cha)手支撐。格扇門(men)窗。大(da)梁(liang)題記(ji)隱約可見。左廂維護墻(qiang)上(shang)嵌清咸(xian)豐(feng)、同治(zhi)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)記(ji)事(shi)及(ji)(ji)告(gao)示碑5通。
銅(tong)仁(ren)現存城(cheng)門(men)兩座,碼(ma)頭4處,東山(shan)(shan)—江(jiang)宗(zong)門(men)—后(hou)水門(men)段城(cheng)墻1800余米。城(cheng)墻多(duo)臨水而(er)建(jian),皆以料(liao)石砌筑。碼(ma)頭有嚴格分(fen)工,除下(xia)南門(men)碼(ma)頭為關卡(ka)外(wai),其余均為貨運(yun)碼(ma)頭。便(bian)水門(men)碼(ma)頭、江(jiang)宗(zong)門(men)碼(ma)頭專(zhuan)門(men)停靠錦江(jiang)上游(you)、梵凈山(shan)(shan)下(xia)來(lai)(lai)的桐油、花生、木材、煙草、藥材、豬鬃、朱砂、水銀等土特產。中(zhong)南門(men)碼(ma)頭、西門(men)碼(ma)頭為運(yun)往湖南常德等地的土特產和下(xia)游(you)運(yun)來(lai)(lai)的棉花、布匹、糖果、瓷器等物資裝(zhuang)卸用。川(chuan)(chuan)主宮碼(ma)頭為四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)人專(zhuan)用,川(chuan)(chuan)鹽由此上岸并轉運(yun)黔(qian)中(zhong)各地。明清時代(dai),中(zhong)南門(men)碼(ma)頭位(wei)居銅(tong)仁(ren)各大碼(ma)頭之首,現仍(reng)在使用中(zhong)。
明(ming)清以來,隨(sui)著“五溪(xi)”之一的錦江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(又稱(cheng)辰水(shui)、麻(ma)陽江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang))水(shui)運日趨發達(da),外省客商逆江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)深入武陵腹地(di),使苗鄉古城、武陵明(ming)珠銅仁迅速崛起,大批具有(you)徽派建(jian)(jian)筑特(te)點的民(min)居(ju)相繼落成,終形(xing)成具有(you)11條街巷、135棟商住合一的中南(nan)門(men)民(min)居(ju)建(jian)(jian)筑群。湘鄂西革命根據地(di)創建(jian)(jian)人之一、賀龍(long)同(tong)志(zhi)入黨介(jie)紹(shao)人周逸群烈士的故居(ju)也(ye)位居(ju)其中。
中山路兩側及雙江路。其建筑布局(ju)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為前店后宅或前店后坊,店鋪(pu)(pu)后為多(duo)(duo)(duo)進院(yuan)、帶天井的(de)四合大(da)院(yuan)。平面(mian)上多(duo)(duo)(duo)為小面(mian)闊、大(da)進深(shen)的(de)格局(ju),滿(man)足了在臨街方向(xiang)爭得一席經營的(de)需求(qiu)。店鋪(pu)(pu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為兩層,為避雨(yu)和遮陽(yang),常做成兩重檐(當地(di)叫(jiao)眉(mei)毛廈(sha)),采(cai)用(yong)產自(zi)梵(fan)凈(jing)山的(de)粗(cu)大(da)椿木或柏木做抬(tai)梁,其直(zhi)徑(jing)均(jun)在35厘米(mi)以上。
東(dong)山古建(jian)筑群具(ju)有重要文物價(jia)值,堪稱武(wu)陵山區、錦江河(he)畔(pan)的一(yi)顆(ke)明珠(zhu)。
“銅(tong)仁”早稱“銅(tong)人(ren)”,曾置銅(tong)人(ren)大(da)(da)小(xiao)江等處(chu)長官司。相傳元(yuan)代有漁民在大(da)(da)江、小(xiao)江交匯處(chu)的(de)巨崖(ya)下揀到三(san)尊小(xiao)銅(tong)人(ren),巨崖(ya)因此(ci)稱“銅(tong)崖(ya)”,其地因此(ci)稱“銅(tong)人(ren)”。不論傳說(shuo)是(shi)否可信,發源于(yu)武陵山(shan)主(zhu)峰梵(fan)凈山(shan)的(de)大(da)(da)江、小(xiao)江在銅(tong)仁相匯則是(shi)不爭(zheng)的(de)事實。如果沒有梵(fan)凈山(shan),如果沒有大(da)(da)小(xiao)江,恐怕(pa)不會有銅(tong)仁。
憑借(jie)從梵凈山(shan)(shan)流下(xia)的錦江,可(ke)達百里洞庭,銅(tong)仁因此成(cheng)為武陵山(shan)(shan)區(qu)的大(da)(da)商埠,僅碼(ma)頭就(jiu)多(duo)達六七座。銅(tong)仁碼(ma)頭是武陵山(shan)(shan)區(qu)面向(xiang)中州(zhou)大(da)(da)地的重要(yao)窗(chuang)口(kou)。銅(tong)仁東(dong)山(shan)(shan)古建(jian)筑群的形成(cheng),得益于(yu)武陵山(shan)(shan)區(qu)的自然(ran)和特產。因此,可(ke)以說(shuo),銅(tong)仁東(dong)山(shan)(shan)古建(jian)筑群是觀察武陵山(shan)(shan)區(qu)豐富資源(yuan)的窗(chuang)口(kou)。
銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)秦漢時(shi)(shi)為(wei)“武(wu)陵蠻(man)”居住地(di),唐宋(song)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)“五(wu)溪蠻(man)”居住地(di)。“武(wu)陵蠻(man)”、“五(wu)溪蠻(man)”是(shi)以苗(miao)(miao)(miao)族為(wei)主體的(de)眾多(duo)少數(shu)民族的(de)祖先。元代銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)置“銅(tong)(tong)人大小江(jiang)等處蠻(man)夷長官司”。明永樂十一年(1413年)“改(gai)土歸流”,建銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)府。銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)是(shi)開(kai)(kai)發較早(zao)的(de)民族地(di)區之(zhi)(zhi)一。自明清以來,錦江(jiang)水運日趨發達,大批湖南(nan)、江(jiang)西(xi)客商逆江(jiang)來到銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren),與(yu)當地(di)少數(shu)民族共同(tong)(tong)開(kai)(kai)發武(wu)陵山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區,再加上(shang)川鹽入黔,促進了銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)府的(de)發展與(yu)繁(fan)榮。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi),銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)還是(shi)歷代封建王朝“開(kai)(kai)辟苗(miao)(miao)(miao)疆(jiang)”的(de)前(qian)沿陣地(di),民族沖(chong)突時(shi)(shi)有發生。反映(ying)在(zai)古建筑方面,即(ji)有“經兵火(huo),樓(lou)盡毀(hui)(hui)”、“郡署毀(hui)(hui)于(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)”等記載(zai)。但從另(ling)一方面看(kan),“前(qian)沿陣地(di)”利(li)于(yu)加速文化的(de)交流與(yu)融合,從而使銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)少數(shu)民族文化與(yu)中原傳統文化的(de)水乳交融之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。譬(pi)如石庫門上(shang)浮雕八(ba)卦、八(ba)仙、古錢、萬字、魚形水草、水牛(niu)(niu)望月(yue)(yue)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)銜芝(zhi)(zhi)、牛(niu)(niu)角守門等圖案。將(jiang)(jiang)葉子刻(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)鯉魚形,將(jiang)(jiang)犀牛(niu)(niu)望月(yue)(yue)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)水牛(niu)(niu)望月(yue)(yue),將(jiang)(jiang)野(ye)鹿(lu)含芝(zhi)(zhi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)含芝(zhi)(zhi),特別(bie)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)水牛(niu)(niu)角鐫刻(ke)(ke)(ke)于(yu)石庫門上(shang)以示水牛(niu)(niu)把門,都(dou)是(shi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)族文化典型標(biao)志(zhi)。在(zai)武(wu)陵山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區,魚不僅是(shi)富裕的(de)象征,還是(shi)繁(fan)榮的(de)標(biao)志(zhi),而水牛(niu)(niu)則(ze)為(wei)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)族村民的(de)主要崇(chong)拜對象。東山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古建筑群是(shi)研究(jiu)武(wu)陵地(di)區民族關(guan)系的(de)實物資料。
與東(dong)山遙相對應,在大、小(xiao)兩江(jiang)匯流處有(you)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)聳立于江(jiang)心的銅巖(yan),正德(de)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)參議(yi)蔡湖(hu)在巖(yan)上建(jian)跨鰲亭,期盼(pan)銅仁生員科舉(ju)考試能獨(du)占(zhan)鰲頭(tou)。康熙(xi)四(si)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(1710年(nian)(nian))知(zhi)府(fu)蘇稷改銅巖(yan)為(wei)小(xiao)金(jin)山,增建(jian)上下(xia)兩亭,后(hou)人撰楹(ying)聯一(yi)(yi)副:“雙亭蕩云海,一(yi)(yi)柱砥(di)風濤”,又在巖(yan)壁(bi)上題“中流砥(di)柱”四(si)個大字(zi)。1993年(nian)(nian),銅仁市人民政府(fu)重修跨鰲亭,為(wei)三檐六(liu)角攢尖頂,高18米。沿江(jiang)而下(xia)有(you)水(shui)(shui)星(xing)閣(ge),它建(jian)在一(yi)(yi)面傍山、三面環水(shui)(shui)的地(di)方(fang),上方(fang)有(you)漁(yu)梁灘,每當(dang)皓月(yue)當(dang)空,江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)潺潺,碧波點點,構(gou)成(cheng)“漁(yu)梁夜月(yue)”勝景。明嘉靖十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1535年(nian)(nian))知(zhi)府(fu)魏文相在火星(xing)巖(yan)上開鑿(zao)一(yi)(yi)池,大書一(yi)(yi)個“水(shui)(shui)”字(zi),據說是以水(shui)(shui)克水(shui)(shui),又建(jian)一(yi)(yi)閣(ge)為(wei)民禳災祈福,康熙(xi)九年(nian)(nian)(1670年(nian)(nian))知(zhi)縣(xian)趙景福在原址建(jian)閣(ge),易(yi)名(ming)水(shui)(shui)星(xing)閣(ge)。