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歷史沿革

頂子城遺址(zhi)位(wei)于河北(bei)省平泉縣茅蘭溝(gou)鄉燒鍋營子村(cun)東山頂。遺址(zhi)三面環山，是一處黃土(tu)城遺址(zhi)。

1985年(nian)8月，考(kao)古人(ren)員對頂(ding)子城(cheng)遺址的第二生活區(qu)進行了一次(ci)試(shi)掘。

1992年，頂(ding)子城遺(yi)址被(bei)河北省人民政(zheng)府批準為省級重點文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。

1993年(nian)7月，頂子城(cheng)遺址(zhi)被河(he)北省人民政府公布為第三批省級重點(dian)文物保護單位(wei)。

2013年5月，頂子城遺址被國務(wu)院(yuan)公(gong)布為第七批(pi)全(quan)國重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位(wei)。

遺址特點

頂子城(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域呈不(bu)規則(ze)的(de)圓形(xing)(xing)。周(zhou)(zhou)長315米，總面積為(wei)1.5萬平(ping)方米，文化層(ceng)厚度約2.5米。遺址(zhi)(zhi)中現存數重用石(shi)頭壘砌的(de)半(ban)圓形(xing)(xing)矮墻(qiang)和(he)一些(xie)平(ping)坦(tan)的(de)圓形(xing)(xing)、方形(xing)(xing)、長方形(xing)(xing)生活區(qu)。生活區(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)頭壘砌的(de)矮墻(qiang)，高(gao)有(you)(you)(you)2米，低(di)0.4米。該(gai)遺址(zhi)(zhi)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)內(nei)圍(wei)墻(qiang)和(he)外圍(wei)墻(qiang)之分(fen)，間距為(wei)40米。圍(wei)墻(qiang)基高(gao)3米，壘墻(qiang)用的(de)石(shi)料大小不(bu)等，均為(wei)當地青灰石(shi)質(zhi)不(bu)規則(ze)石(shi)板和(he)石(shi)條，墻(qiang)基寬窄不(bu)均。遺址(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)屬黃砂土質(zhi)，沒有(you)(you)(you)植被(bei)。

文物遺存

在(zai)頂子(zi)城遺址中(zhong)采集(ji)的遺物有(you)(you)陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)、石器(qi)(qi)(qi)、銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)。陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)以褐陶和(he)灰黑(hei)陶為主，紋(wen)飾有(you)(you)繩(sheng)紋(wen)、弦(xian)紋(wen)、附加(jia)堆(dui)紋(wen)和(he)劃紋(wen)，器(qi)(qi)(qi)形有(you)(you)鬲(li)、氟、豆、甕、大口尊、缽、筒形罐等(deng)；石器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)石斧(fu)、石杵、石錛(ben)、石球等(deng)；發現(xian)銅(tong)斧(fu)1件(jian)及(ji)勺形器(qi)(qi)(qi)1件(jian)。

在(zai)遺址北側山(shan)根還(huan)發現(xian)石(shi)板(ban)(ban)墓群(qun)一處，但經多年雨水沖(chong)刷(shua)，均已被(bei)毀，僅(jin)存散亂石(shi)板(ban)(ban)，石(shi)板(ban)(ban)長約(yue)(yue)10—60厘(li)米(mi)，厚約(yue)(yue)10——20厘(li)米(mi)。從散亂的(de)石(shi)板(ban)(ban)中發現(xian)銅勺形器一殘碎(sui)片和(he)一件完整的(de)玉壁。

研究價值

頂子(zi)城遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)平(ping)泉幾(ji)百處“夏家(jia)店文(wen)化”上(shang)、下層遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)內涵豐富、器物(wu)類型典型的(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。采集到的(de)遺(yi)物(wu)有很高(gao)歷史(shi)價(jia)值、藝術價(jia)值和研究價(jia)值。它的(de)發現為研究平(ping)泉歷史(shi)乃至(zhi)承德及東北地區夏商時期政治(zhi)、經濟、文(wen)化發展史(shi)提供了實物(wu)資(zi)料。

城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)是城(cheng)市(shi)發展的(de)顯著標志(zhi)之一，中(zhong)的(de)筑城(cheng)史(shi)十(shi)分悠久，頂子(zi)城(cheng)遺址出現了(le)以數重石(shi)頭壘(lei)砌的(de)半圓形短(duan)墻(qiang)(qiang)，石(shi)頭短(duan)墻(qiang)(qiang)高0.4——2米，壘(lei)墻(qiang)(qiang)所(suo)用(yong)石(shi)料(liao)大小不(bu)(bu)等(deng)，墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬窄(zhai)不(bu)(bu)勻(yun)，說明城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)建造得(de)還很不(bu)(bu)成熟。

保護措施

1993年7月，頂子城遺址被河(he)北省(sheng)人民政府批(pi)準公(gong)布為(wei)第(di)三批(pi)省(sheng)級(ji)文物保護單位，并制定了保護范(fan)圍和建筑控(kong)制地(di)帶。

保護范圍：以頂子城遺(yi)址外(wai)一(yi)道墻向四周各外(wai)擴50米。

建筑控制地帶：以保護范圍的(de)邊線(xian)為基線(xian)向外四周再各擴5米（西南到懸(xuan)崖邊）。

歷史文化

夏家店文化

夏(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)化，中國社會科學院考古研(yan)究所內蒙古考古隊，于1960年(nian)在(zai)赤峰市郊區五家店(dian)(dian)(dian)鄉夏(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)村，發現(xian)代表(biao)商朝早期(qi)的中國北方文(wen)化遺址，屬于新石(shi)器時(shi)期(qi)，夏(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)化時(shi)期(qi)遺址，在(zai)平泉縣13個鄉鎮都有發現(xian)。

山戎族

頂子(zi)城(cheng)遺(yi)址，位于(yu)平泉縣(xian)茅蘭溝鄉北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之上，根據史(shi)料分(fen)析(xi)。此城(cheng)是春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)、戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)的(de)(de)居(ju)住(zhu)生活地(di)。春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)(shi)代，燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)部、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部分(fen)布著山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)，因其(qi)居(ju)住(zhu)在(zai)深山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峽谷中，故(gu)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)；又(you)因其(qi)居(ju)住(zhu)在(zai)中原北(bei)(bei)部，又(you)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為“北(bei)(bei)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)、北(bei)(bei)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)，指的(de)(de)是一(yi)個民族(zu)，在(zai)歷史(shi)上也稱(cheng)(cheng)為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)國(guo)(guo)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)以(yi)“射獵禽獸為生，隨畜牧(mu)(mu)而(er)轉移，各分(fen)散溪谷，勿城(cheng)郭(guo)常處、耕田之業”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)是個游牧(mu)(mu)民族(zu)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)從(cong)事畜牧(mu)(mu)業，性驃(piao)悍，善騎(qi)射。頂子(zi)城(cheng)石(shi)砌(qi)城(cheng)墻，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)人居(ju)住(zhu)防止野獸襲(xi)(xi)擊，或用(yong)于(yu)圈(quan)馬之用(yong)。頂子(zi)城(cheng)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)小王子(zi)城(cheng)又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)“馬圈(quan)子(zi)”，即為圈(quan)馬之處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)原來主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)活動于(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)地(di)區，即今河(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)承德地(di)區，以(yi)及與之毗鄰的(de)(de)遼寧省(sheng)朝陽地(di)區。進入(ru)春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)(shi)代，中原諸侯國(guo)(guo)互相征戰(zhan)，爭當(dang)霸主(zhu)(zhu)，無(wu)暇顧及邊疆其(qi)他民族(zu)的(de)(de)襲(xi)(xi)擾，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)便乘機發展強盛(sheng)起來。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)的(de)(de)軍(jun)事勢力，已經越過(guo)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，到(dao)達秦皇島(dao)盧龍(long)縣(xian)，以(yi)及遷(qian)安、灤縣(xian)等(deng)地(di)區，并頻頻襲(xi)(xi)擾燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)。公元前664年(nian)，齊桓(huan)公救燕(yan)(yan)(yan)北(bei)(bei)伐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)，給山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)以(yi)重創(chuang)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)收(shou)復了無(wu)終、令(ling)支、孤竹等(deng)屬國(guo)(guo)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)從(cong)西(xi)周到(dao)春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)(shi)代，延續了400多年(nian)。春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)晚期(qi)(qi)，其(qi)勢力已大(da)為削弱(ruo)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)昭王時(shi)(shi)，燕(yan)(yan)(yan)將(jiang)秦開率兵(bing)襲(xi)(xi)破東(dong)胡，拓地(di)千余(yu)里(li)，連(lian)同山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)的(de)(de)殘余(yu)部落一(yi)同消滅。至(zhi)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)已銷聲匿(ni)跡。