頂子城遺址(zhi)位于河北省平泉縣茅蘭溝鄉燒(shao)鍋營(ying)子村(cun)東山頂。遺址(zhi)三面環(huan)山,是一處黃土城遺址(zhi)。
1985年8月,考(kao)古人員對(dui)頂子城遺(yi)址的第(di)二生活區進行(xing)了一(yi)次試(shi)掘。
1992年,頂子城(cheng)遺址被河(he)北省(sheng)人民政府批準為(wei)省(sheng)級重點文物保護單位。
1993年7月,頂子城遺(yi)址(zhi)被(bei)河北省(sheng)人民政府(fu)公(gong)布為第三批(pi)省(sheng)級重點文物保護單(dan)位。
2013年5月,頂子城(cheng)遺址被國務院公布為第七批全國重點文物保(bao)護單位。
頂(ding)子城遺(yi)址(zhi)區(qu)(qu)域呈(cheng)不規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)。周長315米(mi)(mi),總面積為1.5萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)(mi),文化層厚度約2.5米(mi)(mi)。遺(yi)址(zhi)中現存數(shu)重用石(shi)(shi)頭壘(lei)砌(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)半圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)矮墻(qiang)和(he)一些平(ping)(ping)坦的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、方形(xing)(xing)、長方形(xing)(xing)生(sheng)活區(qu)(qu)。生(sheng)活區(qu)(qu)周圍有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)頭壘(lei)砌(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)矮墻(qiang),高有(you)(you)2米(mi)(mi),低0.4米(mi)(mi)。該遺(yi)址(zhi)還有(you)(you)內圍墻(qiang)和(he)外圍墻(qiang)之分,間距為40米(mi)(mi)。圍墻(qiang)基高3米(mi)(mi),壘(lei)墻(qiang)用的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)料大小不等,均為當地青灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)不規則(ze)石(shi)(shi)板和(he)石(shi)(shi)條,墻(qiang)基寬(kuan)窄不均。遺(yi)址(zhi)內屬黃(huang)砂土質(zhi),沒有(you)(you)植被。
在頂子(zi)城遺(yi)址中(zhong)采集(ji)的遺(yi)物有(you)陶器(qi)、石(shi)器(qi)、銅(tong)器(qi)等。陶器(qi)以褐陶和灰黑(hei)陶為主,紋(wen)飾(shi)有(you)繩紋(wen)、弦紋(wen)、附加(jia)堆紋(wen)和劃紋(wen),器(qi)形有(you)鬲、氟、豆、甕、大(da)口尊、缽、筒(tong)形罐等;石(shi)器(qi)有(you)石(shi)斧、石(shi)杵、石(shi)錛、石(shi)球等;發現銅(tong)斧1件(jian)及勺形器(qi)1件(jian)。
在遺址北(bei)側(ce)山根還發現石板(ban)墓(mu)群一處,但(dan)經(jing)多年(nian)雨水(shui)沖刷,均已被毀,僅存(cun)散亂石板(ban),石板(ban)長約10—60厘(li)米(mi),厚(hou)約10——20厘(li)米(mi)。從散亂的石板(ban)中發現銅勺形器一殘碎片和一件完整的玉(yu)壁(bi)。
頂(ding)子城遺址(zhi)是(shi)平泉幾(ji)百處“夏家店文化(hua)(hua)”上(shang)、下層遺址(zhi)中內(nei)涵豐富、器物類型(xing)典型(xing)的(de)遺址(zhi)。采集到(dao)的(de)遺物有很(hen)高歷史價值、藝術價值和(he)研究(jiu)(jiu)價值。它(ta)的(de)發(fa)(fa)現為研究(jiu)(jiu)平泉歷史乃至承德(de)及東北地區夏商(shang)時期政治(zhi)、經濟、文化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展史提供了實物資料(liao)。
城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)是城(cheng)市發展的(de)(de)顯著標志(zhi)之一,中的(de)(de)筑城(cheng)史十(shi)分(fen)悠久,頂子城(cheng)遺(yi)址出(chu)現了以數(shu)重石(shi)(shi)頭壘砌的(de)(de)半圓形短墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),石(shi)(shi)頭短墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高0.4——2米,壘墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)所用石(shi)(shi)料大小(xiao)不等,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基寬窄不勻,說明(ming)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)建造(zao)得還很不成熟。
1993年7月,頂子城遺址被河(he)北省(sheng)人民(min)政府(fu)批(pi)準公布(bu)為第三批(pi)省(sheng)級文物保護單(dan)位,并制(zhi)定了保護范圍和建筑控制(zhi)地帶。
保護范(fan)圍:以頂子城遺址外一(yi)道墻向(xiang)四(si)周各外擴50米。
建筑控制地帶:以保(bao)護(hu)范圍的邊線(xian)(xian)為基線(xian)(xian)向外四周再各擴5米(西南到懸崖邊)。
夏家(jia)店文化(hua),中國(guo)社(she)會科(ke)學院考古(gu)研(yan)究所(suo)內蒙古(gu)考古(gu)隊(dui),于1960年(nian)在赤峰市郊區五(wu)家(jia)店鄉夏家(jia)店村,發(fa)現代表商(shang)朝早期的中國(guo)北方文化(hua)遺址,屬于新石器時期,夏家(jia)店文化(hua)時期遺址,在平(ping)泉縣13個(ge)鄉鎮都有(you)發(fa)現。
頂子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址,位于(yu)平(ping)泉縣(xian)茅蘭溝(gou)鄉(xiang)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)上,根據(ju)史(shi)料分(fen)析。此城(cheng)(cheng)是春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)、戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的居住(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)活地(di)。春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)代,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)的北(bei)部、東北(bei)部分(fen)布著山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu),因(yin)其(qi)(qi)居住(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)深山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峽(xia)谷中(zhong),故被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong);又因(yin)其(qi)(qi)居住(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)中(zhong)原北(bei)部,又被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)“北(bei)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)、北(bei)戎(rong)(rong)(rong),指的是一個民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu),在(zai)歷(li)史(shi)上也(ye)稱(cheng)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)國(guo)(guo)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)以“射(she)獵禽獸為(wei)生(sheng),隨畜(chu)(chu)牧而轉移,各分(fen)散(san)溪谷,勿城(cheng)(cheng)郭常(chang)處、耕田之(zhi)業(ye)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)是個游(you)牧民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu),主要從(cong)事畜(chu)(chu)牧業(ye),性驃悍,善騎射(she)。頂子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)石砌城(cheng)(cheng)墻,主要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)人(ren)居住(zhu)(zhu)防止野獸襲(xi)(xi)(xi)擊,或用(yong)(yong)于(yu)圈(quan)馬之(zhi)用(yong)(yong)。頂子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)東北(bei)的小王子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)又稱(cheng)“馬圈(quan)子(zi)”,即為(wei)圈(quan)馬之(zhi)處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)原來主要活動于(yu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以北(bei)地(di)區(qu),即今河北(bei)省承德地(di)區(qu),以及(ji)與之(zhi)毗鄰(lin)的遼寧省朝陽地(di)區(qu)。進(jin)入春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)代,中(zhong)原諸侯(hou)國(guo)(guo)互相征戰,爭(zheng)當霸主,無暇顧及(ji)邊疆其(qi)(qi)他民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的襲(xi)(xi)(xi)擾,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)便乘機發展強(qiang)盛起來。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的軍(jun)事勢力,已經(jing)越過燕(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),到達秦皇島盧(lu)龍縣(xian),以及(ji)遷安(an)、灤縣(xian)等(deng)地(di)區(qu),并頻頻襲(xi)(xi)(xi)擾燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)。公元前664年(nian),齊桓(huan)公救燕(yan)(yan)(yan)北(bei)伐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong),給山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)以重創。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)收(shou)復了無終、令(ling)支(zhi)、孤竹等(deng)屬國(guo)(guo)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)從(cong)西周到春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)代,延續(xu)了400多年(nian)。春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)晚期,其(qi)(qi)勢力已大為(wei)削弱。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王時(shi)(shi),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)將秦開率兵襲(xi)(xi)(xi)破東胡,拓地(di)千余里,連同山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的殘余部落一同消(xiao)滅。至戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)已銷(xiao)聲匿(ni)跡(ji)。