倉儲區的入口原(yuan)是一(yi)座三門木門樓,現(xian)遺存有(you)痕跡,在(zai)(zai)西倉和北倉之(zhi)間(jian)原(yuan)有(you)一(yi)座碑亭;在(zai)(zai)西倉和原(yuan)東(dong)倉間(jian)用圍墻圍護,圍墻中(zhong)間(jian)開建(jian)一(yi)垂花門,現(xian)已無(wu)存。
深州義倉為磚木(mu)結構建筑,瓦(wa)頂為硬山(shan)式(shi)陰陽合(he)瓦(wa)布瓦(wa)頂。除東院的(de)門庭施三踩(cai)斗拱外,其他建筑不施斗拱。建筑大木(mu)構架是抬梁式(shi),縱向構為檁、隨(sui)檁兩(liang)件。檐椽(chuan)為方(fang)椽(chuan),飛椽(chuan)上方(fang)下(xia)圓,從正心檁以(yi)外鋪設(she)望板,以(yi)里鋪設(she)望磚。
義倉(cang)之南倉(cang)、北倉(cang)、西倉(cang)在室內地面下(xia)留設了架(jia)空隔潮空間(jian),使倉(cang)內存(cun)放的(de)糧食和地面隔離開(kai)來(lai),以防潮氣上(shang)滲。同(tong)時(shi)還(huan)在隔潮空間(jian)的(de)墻基上(shang)間(jian)隔一定距(ju)離開(kai)有通風(feng)(feng)孔,使空氣可以在通風(feng)(feng)孔、門窗和屋頂上(shang)的(de)百葉窗之間(jian)上(shang)下(xia)流(liu)通。
為防堿,義倉的各建(jian)筑的墻體下部(bu)設(she)木質腰線一道(dao)。
因使(shi)用(yong)功能的需(xu)要,西(xi)、南、北(bei)三倉(cang)都(dou)采用(yong)了較密集的平面柱(zhu)網布局,在(zai)進深方向(xiang)上柱(zhu)距都(dou)只有一米多,柱(zhu)上有槽,可以安放閘板(ban),可以隨意分割空間。在(zai)山(shan)墻(qiang)和每根(gen)山(shan)柱(zhu)間施兩到三個鐵扒鋦,使(shi)兩者牢固結合,具(ju)有良好(hao)的抗震作用(yong)。門(men)庭、廂房(fang)和聽事房(fang)因使(shi)用(yong)需(xu)要,平面柱(zhu)網都(dou)采用(yong)了減(jian)柱(zhu)造(zao)。
深州盈億義倉(cang)各建筑(zhu)的情(qing)況
分述如下:
1. 門庭:是(shi)東部辦(ban)公區的入口(kou),面闊三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian),進深明間(jian)(jian)七(qi)(qi)檁三(san)(san)柱,次間(jian)(jian)七(qi)(qi)檁五柱,總面闊9.8米(mi),總進深6.0米(mi)。前(qian)后(hou)檐施三(san)(san)踩斗拱,出45度(du)斜拱。明間(jian)(jian)中柱間(jian)(jian)有上檻、門簪及原(yuan)有板門留下的榫卯。南面臺基(ji)、墀頭完(wan)好。椽飛(fei)基(ji)本(ben)完(wan)好,原(yuan)有脊(ji)、獸缺失。門庭東西兩(liang)側各有耳房(fang)一間(jian)(jian)。
2.廂房:有東西(xi)(xi)兩座,是糧倉的帳(zhang)房先生(sheng)辦公(gong)和住宿(su)的地方。每座廂房面(mian)闊三間(jian),進(jin)深明間(jian)六(liu)(liu)檁(lin)三柱,次間(jian)六(liu)(liu)檁(lin)六(liu)(liu)柱。總面(mian)闊9.6米,總進(jin)深5.2米。臺基現為條磚壘砌,墀頭完好。西(xi)(xi)廂房西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)為原墻(qiang)體,中(zhong)間(jian)后開(kai)一窗,東墻(qiang)嚴重外閃,檐檁(lin)、隨檁(lin)枋下垂(chui)。
3.宴(yan)休堂:面闊三(san)間,進深七檁四柱,總面闊10.65米,總進深7.72米。東(dong)西側各有(you)耳(er)房一間。北面臺基的壓階(jie)石、階(jie)條石和(he)垂帶保存完(wan)(wan)(wan)好(hao)。墀頭完(wan)(wan)(wan)好(hao)。南面原有(you)檻墻的條磚(zhuan)多處脫落(luo)、缺損,現用(yong)紅機(ji)磚(zhuan)填補。椽(chuan)飛保存基本完(wan)(wan)(wan)好(hao)。
4.倉(cang)神祠(ci):是供奉保佑糧倉(cang)平安(an)的(de)神?D?D倉(cang)神的(de)地方,面(mian)闊三(san)間,進(jin)深(shen)七檁四(si)柱,總面(mian)闊7.32米,總進(jin)深(shen)5.69米。臺基(ji)不完(wan)整,垂帶(dai)缺失。西山(shan)墻北端下(xia)部坍塌,用紅機磚填砌。南墻上有(you)三(san)扇木窗。
5.聽事房:是西部倉(cang)儲區的中心建筑,是收糧、放糧時過秤、記數(shu)的地方。面(mian)闊三(san)間(jian),進(jin)深(shen)明間(jian)七(qi)檁(lin)三(san)柱(zhu),次間(jian)七(qi)檁(lin)七(qi)柱(zhu)。總面(mian)闊9.9米(mi),總進(jin)深(shen)7.44米(mi)。臺基的階條石缺損6米(mi),缺一個垂帶。檐(yan)椽(chuan)、飛頭、檐(yan)檁(lin)、隨檁(lin)均有(you)不同(tong)程度的朽蝕。
6.西(xi)倉:面闊三(san)間,進深七(qi)檁(lin)七(qi)柱,總面闊22.4米(mi),總進深8.2 6米(mi)。原(yuan)來的臺階無存。南邊墀頭完(wan)(wan)好,北(bei)邊加長了60厘米(mi),沒有墀頭。檐檁(lin)、隨檁(lin)均有缺失(shi),椽飛(fei)保存基本完(wan)(wan)好。
7.南(nan)(nan)倉(cang)和(he)北(bei)倉(cang):南(nan)(nan)倉(cang)和(he)北(bei)倉(cang)體量相同,都是(shi)面闊(kuo)十(shi)一(yi)間(jian),進(jin)深(shen)七檁(lin)七柱(zhu),總面闊(kuo)34.98米(mi),總進(jin)深(shen)7.88米(mi)。屋頂上開有(you)(you)(you)百(bai)頁(ye)通(tong)風窗,南(nan)(nan)倉(cang)九扇(shan),西端(duan)兩間(jian)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you),北(bei)倉(cang)每間(jian)一(yi)扇(shan),共(gong)十(shi)一(yi)扇(shan)。南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)倉(cang)原有(you)(you)(you)臺基(ji)都沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)保留下來,東側山墻后向外加(jia)砌。沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)墀(chi)頭。檐(yan)檁(lin)、前(qian)檐(yan)穿(chuan)插枋、隨檁(lin)枋有(you)(you)(you)的糟裂(lie),有(you)(you)(you)的缺(que)失,椽飛完好。
8、總體
義倉院內室外(wai)地面原來也全部鋪有(you)墁(man)地磚,現(xian)已無存。原有(you)的排水管道和下水口,現(xian)在仍在發揮(hui)作用。
清深州義倉記
自(zi)(zi)吏(li)治(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)修,百(bai)(bai)度弛墮(duo)。古(gu)昔(xi)所(suo)垂善政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),若(ruo)(ruo)保甲(jia)常平倉(cang)(cang)(cang)及一切便利于(yu)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)擇地而可施,不(bu)(bu)待時(shi)而可行,傳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)而治(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)例者,亦皆(jie)(jie)(jie)廢棄而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)舉。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)也(ye),未敢公(gong)(gong)(gong)言(yan)廢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上官(guan)(guan)督(du)責屬(shu)吏(li),歲使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)按人(ren)(ren)(ren)按視所(suo)為(wei)(wei)規(gui),則以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨(bian)(bian)治(zhi)(zhi)告,上官(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)究(jiu)也(ye)。觀其(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)牒往來(lai),固(gu)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)美(mei)、無(wu)(wu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)舉矣。既而進(jin)考其(qi)(qi)(qi)實,則所(suo)謂(wei)督(du)責按視而辨(bian)(bian)治(zhi)(zhi)者,特(te)(te)相應以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming),漫(man)不(bu)(bu)知為(wei)(wei)何事(shi)(shi)(shi),而閭巷(xiang)疲氓,賴吾政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,則生來(lai)未見(jian)有其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),乃并未嘗聞有其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)。光緒初(chu),冀、青、兗(yan)、豫(yu)大(da)旱,疆吏(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)災(zai)(zai)聞,天(tian)子(zi)憂勞(lao),發官(guan)(guan)藏(zang)一振(zhen)乞糴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。書(shu)(shu)四達,遠近官(guan)(guan)民爭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)米(mi)輸災(zai)(zai)區(qu),自(zi)(zi)中(zhong)外(wai)大(da)臣、群司百(bai)(bai)執事(shi)(shi)(shi)奔走營(ying)救,類能(neng)竭誠潔(jie)己,而怠忽侵漁必懲。故災(zai)(zai)所(suo)被數千(qian)里(li),歷三(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu),民雖不(bu)(bu)免(mian)死徙,而無(wu)(wu)劫奪(duo)盜賊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。是后(hou),謀國(guo)者皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救災(zai)(zai)為(wei)(wei)兢(jing)兢(jing)。畿輔則自(zi)(zi)同治(zhi)(zhi)季年(nian)連遇水(shui)患,已有籌(chou)賑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局(ju),博(bo)畜豫(yu)儲事(shi)(shi)(shi)至立應,故數十(shi)年(nian)吏(li)治(zhi)(zhi),獨備荒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)多可紀。然州、縣自(zi)(zi)謀于(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)者,法(fa)固(gu)猶未備也(ye)。先是太倉(cang)(cang)(cang)錢(qian)敏肅公(gong)(gong)(gong),開藩(fan)直隸(li)及巡撫河南,所(suo)至皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)積(ji)谷(gu)為(wei)(wei)重,而任(ren)事(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)未久(jiu),經畫皆(jie)(jie)(jie)未及成。今(jin)河道總督(du)任(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)道镕為(wei)(wei)直隸(li)布(bu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)時(shi),踵錢(qian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)成法(fa)、飭所(suo)屬(shu)積(ji)谷(gu)。前制隸(li)按察使(shi)(shi)朱公(gong)(gong)(gong)靖旬時(shi)牧深州,積(ji)谷(gu)萬(wan)石,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舊倉(cang)(cang)(cang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)廢,分藏(zang)于(yu)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富人(ren)(ren)(ren),舉契(qi)為(wei)(wei)質。朱公(gong)(gong)(gong)去后(hou),易(yi)官(guan)(guan)則更(geng)契(qi)不(bu)(bu)問谷(gu)也(ye)。間十(shi)余年(nian),錢(qian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)伊臣來(lai)為(wei)(wei)州,乃取(qu)(qu)富人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)藏(zang)谷(gu)萬(wan)石者,于(yu)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東建倉(cang)(cang)(cang)儲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四倉(cang)(cang)(cang)環(huan)峙(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)楹計劃者三(san)十(shi)六,中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)聽事(shi)(shi)(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)東為(wei)(wei)宴休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂,堂三(san)楹,門北向,堂后(hou)為(wei)(wei)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)神祠(ci),基(ji)崇屋敞(chang),墻(qiang)宇(yu)峻(jun)固(gu),經始(shi)于(yu)二(er)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)三(san)月(yue),明年(nian)九月(yue)訖工。堅明約束,永守(shou)(shou)勿替。州人(ren)(ren)(ren)李君樹侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)來(lai)曰(yue):公(gong)(gong)(gong)愿得子(zi)文(wen)為(wei)(wei)記。濤以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)救荒無(wu)(wu)善策也(ye),國(guo)(奴巾)既非可數頒,籌(chou)賑局(ju)設于(yu)都會之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,勢(shi)難(nan)分應而遍給(gei)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)謀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州縣者,所(suo)儲雖多,未必能(neng)久(jiu)。而告饑(ji)四方,又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致遠,稽時(shi)為(wei)(wei)慮。然則所(suo)稱(cheng)荒政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)可紀者,亦特(te)(te)小補云爾。海外(wai)諸國(guo),農(nong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)益興,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)糞(fen)田,一機器一用,且(qie)十(shi)倍人(ren)(ren)(ren)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li),故能(neng)五六倍于(yu)常所(suo)獲。而火車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌,交(jiao)于(yu)國(guo)中(zhong),輦百(bai)(bai)千(qian)巨萬(wan)鈞(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,于(yu)數千(qian)里(li)外(wai),不(bu)(bu)崇朝(chao)而至土(tu)(tu)著者,無(wu)(wu)借于(yu)外(wai)而能(neng)取(qu)(qu)足(zu)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)土(tu)(tu),而物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)(zi)外(wai)至者,又如此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)易(yi)也(ye),尚何災(zai)(zai)歉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)憂。今(jin)朝(chao)廷銳意,取(qu)(qu)外(wai)國(guo)長技,足(zu)資治(zhi)(zhi)理者,易(yi)我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故。火車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌,已造(zao)端(duan)于(yu)四沖要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)枝分岐出行,遍達乎窮僻。而學(xue)(xue)農(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu),且(qie)遍布(bu)天(tian)下,使(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)仿行。今(jin)錢(qian)君廉能(neng)愛民,守(shou)(shou)先公(gong)(gong)(gong)家(jia)法(fa),若(ruo)(ruo)泯古(gu)今(jin)中(zhong)外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見(jian)。討其(qi)(qi)(qi)制、究(jiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)學(xue)(xue)實,而致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)收其(qi)(qi)(qi)效,使(shi)(shi)遠近援以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)法(fa),寢(qin)推而寢(qin)廣(guang),將(jiang)遂成國(guo)家(jia)新政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),馴致于(yu)富強(qiang)。豈特(te)(te)給(gei)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)內,使(shi)(shi)吾儕小人(ren)(ren)(ren),無(wu)(wu)憂災(zai)(zai)歉,已乎此(ci)固(gu)救時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢(xian)所(suo)急起而圖(tu)功(gong)者也(ye)。請以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斯文(wen)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左券焉。光緒二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)九月(yue) 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