倉儲區的入口原(yuan)是(shi)一座(zuo)三(san)門木(mu)門樓,現遺存(cun)(cun)有痕(hen)跡,在西(xi)倉和(he)北倉之間原(yuan)有一座(zuo)碑亭;在西(xi)倉和(he)原(yuan)東倉間用(yong)圍(wei)墻圍(wei)護,圍(wei)墻中間開建一垂花門,現已無存(cun)(cun)。
深州義倉為磚木結構建筑,瓦頂(ding)為硬山式陰陽合瓦布(bu)瓦頂(ding)。除東院(yuan)的門庭施三踩斗拱外(wai),其他建筑不施斗拱。建筑大木構架是(shi)抬梁式,縱向構為檁、隨檁兩(liang)件。檐椽(chuan)為方椽(chuan),飛椽(chuan)上方下圓(yuan),從正心檁以(yi)外(wai)鋪(pu)設(she)望(wang)板,以(yi)里鋪(pu)設(she)望(wang)磚。
義倉之南倉、北倉、西倉在(zai)室內地面下(xia)留設了架空(kong)隔(ge)潮(chao)空(kong)間,使(shi)倉內存放的(de)糧食和地面隔(ge)離(li)開(kai)來,以防潮(chao)氣上(shang)(shang)滲(shen)。同時還在(zai)隔(ge)潮(chao)空(kong)間的(de)墻基上(shang)(shang)間隔(ge)一定距離(li)開(kai)有通(tong)風(feng)孔,使(shi)空(kong)氣可(ke)以在(zai)通(tong)風(feng)孔、門窗(chuang)和屋頂上(shang)(shang)的(de)百葉窗(chuang)之間上(shang)(shang)下(xia)流通(tong)。
為防堿,義倉(cang)的各建筑的墻體下部設木質腰線一道。
因使用功能的需要,西、南、北三(san)倉(cang)都采用了較密(mi)集(ji)的平面(mian)柱(zhu)(zhu)網布局,在進(jin)深方(fang)向上(shang)柱(zhu)(zhu)距都只有一米多,柱(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)有槽,可以安放閘(zha)板,可以隨(sui)意分割空(kong)間(jian)。在山墻和每根山柱(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)施兩到三(san)個鐵(tie)扒鋦,使兩者牢固結合,具(ju)有良(liang)好的抗震作用。門庭、廂房和聽事(shi)房因使用需要,平面(mian)柱(zhu)(zhu)網都采用了減柱(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)。
深(shen)州盈億義倉各建筑的情況
分述如下:
1. 門(men)庭(ting):是(shi)東部(bu)辦公區(qu)的入口,面(mian)闊三(san)間(jian),進深(shen)明間(jian)七(qi)檁(lin)三(san)柱(zhu),次(ci)間(jian)七(qi)檁(lin)五(wu)柱(zhu),總(zong)面(mian)闊9.8米,總(zong)進深(shen)6.0米。前后(hou)檐施三(san)踩斗(dou)拱(gong),出45度斜拱(gong)。明間(jian)中柱(zhu)間(jian)有(you)上檻(jian)、門(men)簪及原有(you)板(ban)門(men)留下(xia)的榫卯。南面(mian)臺基、墀頭完好(hao)。椽(chuan)飛基本完好(hao),原有(you)脊、獸缺失。門(men)庭(ting)東西(xi)兩側各有(you)耳房一(yi)間(jian)。
2.廂房(fang):有東西(xi)兩座(zuo),是糧(liang)倉的(de)帳房(fang)先生辦(ban)公和住宿的(de)地(di)方。每(mei)座(zuo)廂房(fang)面闊三間,進深明間六檁(lin)三柱(zhu),次(ci)間六檁(lin)六柱(zhu)。總(zong)面闊9.6米(mi),總(zong)進深5.2米(mi)。臺基現為條磚壘砌,墀頭完好。西(xi)廂房(fang)西(xi)墻(qiang)為原(yuan)墻(qiang)體(ti),中間后開(kai)一(yi)窗,東墻(qiang)嚴重外(wai)閃,檐檁(lin)、隨(sui)檁(lin)枋下垂(chui)。
3.宴休堂(tang):面(mian)闊三間,進深七檁四柱,總(zong)面(mian)闊10.65米,總(zong)進深7.72米。東西側各有(you)耳房一間。北面(mian)臺基(ji)的(de)壓階(jie)石、階(jie)條石和(he)垂帶(dai)保(bao)存(cun)完(wan)好。墀頭完(wan)好。南面(mian)原有(you)檻(jian)墻(qiang)的(de)條磚(zhuan)多(duo)處脫落、缺損(sun),現用紅機磚(zhuan)填補。椽飛保(bao)存(cun)基(ji)本完(wan)好。
4.倉(cang)神祠(ci):是供奉保佑糧(liang)倉(cang)平安的神?D?D倉(cang)神的地方,面闊三(san)間,進深(shen)七檁四柱(zhu),總面闊7.32米,總進深(shen)5.69米。臺(tai)基不完(wan)整(zheng),垂帶缺失。西山(shan)墻北端下部坍塌,用紅機磚填砌。南墻上有三(san)扇木窗。
5.聽(ting)事房:是(shi)西部倉儲區的(de)中心(xin)建筑(zhu),是(shi)收糧、放糧時過秤、記數的(de)地(di)方(fang)。面闊三間,進深明(ming)間七檁三柱,次(ci)間七檁七柱。總(zong)(zong)面闊9.9米,總(zong)(zong)進深7.44米。臺基(ji)的(de)階條石缺損6米,缺一個(ge)垂(chui)帶。檐椽、飛頭、檐檁、隨檁均有(you)不同程度的(de)朽蝕。
6.西倉:面闊(kuo)三(san)間,進深七檁(lin)七柱,總(zong)面闊(kuo)22.4米,總(zong)進深8.2 6米。原來(lai)的臺階(jie)無存。南邊墀(chi)頭(tou)完(wan)好(hao),北邊加長了(le)60厘米,沒有(you)墀(chi)頭(tou)。檐檁(lin)、隨檁(lin)均有(you)缺失,椽飛保(bao)存基(ji)本完(wan)好(hao)。
7.南(nan)(nan)倉(cang)(cang)和北倉(cang)(cang):南(nan)(nan)倉(cang)(cang)和北倉(cang)(cang)體量相同,都是面(mian)闊(kuo)十(shi)一間,進深(shen)七檁(lin)七柱,總(zong)面(mian)闊(kuo)34.98米(mi),總(zong)進深(shen)7.88米(mi)。屋頂上開有(you)(you)(you)百頁通風窗(chuang),南(nan)(nan)倉(cang)(cang)九扇(shan),西端(duan)兩間沒有(you)(you)(you),北倉(cang)(cang)每間一扇(shan),共十(shi)一扇(shan)。南(nan)(nan)、北倉(cang)(cang)原有(you)(you)(you)臺(tai)基都沒有(you)(you)(you)保留下來,東側山(shan)墻(qiang)后(hou)向(xiang)外(wai)加砌。沒有(you)(you)(you)墀頭。檐檁(lin)、前檐穿(chuan)插(cha)枋、隨(sui)檁(lin)枋有(you)(you)(you)的糟裂,有(you)(you)(you)的缺失,椽飛完好。
8、總體
義倉院內室外地面原來(lai)也(ye)全部鋪有(you)墁地磚,現(xian)已(yi)無(wu)存。原有(you)的排(pai)水管道和(he)下水口,現(xian)在(zai)(zai)仍在(zai)(zai)發揮作用。
清深州義倉記
自(zi)(zi)吏治(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)修,百度弛墮。古(gu)昔所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)垂善政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),若(ruo)保(bao)甲常平倉(cang)(cang)及(ji)一(yi)切便利于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擇(ze)地而(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)施,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待時(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)行(xing),傳(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)治(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦皆(jie)(jie)廢(fei)(fei)棄而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能舉(ju)(ju)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美也(ye),未(wei)敢公(gong)(gong)(gong)言廢(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上(shang)官(guan)(guan)督責屬吏,歲使人(ren)(ren)按人(ren)(ren)按視所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui),則(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨(bian)治(zhi)告,上(shang)官(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)究也(ye)。觀其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)牒往來,固(gu)無法(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)美、無政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)舉(ju)(ju)矣。既而(er)(er)(er)(er)進考其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)實(shi),則(ze)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂督責按視而(er)(er)(er)(er)辨(bian)治(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),特(te)(te)相(xiang)應以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming),漫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)何事(shi)(shi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)閭巷(xiang)疲氓,賴吾(wu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),則(ze)生來未(wei)見有其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi),乃并未(wei)嘗聞有其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)也(ye)。光緒初,冀、青、兗、豫大(da)(da)旱,疆吏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)災(zai)(zai)(zai)聞,天(tian)子(zi)憂(you)(you)勞,發官(guan)(guan)藏(zang)一(yi)振(zhen)乞(qi)糴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。書四達,遠近(jin)官(guan)(guan)民(min)爭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀米輸災(zai)(zai)(zai)區(qu),自(zi)(zi)中外(wai)(wai)大(da)(da)臣、群(qun)司百執事(shi)(shi)奔走營(ying)救(jiu),類能竭誠潔己,而(er)(er)(er)(er)怠(dai)忽侵漁必(bi)懲。故(gu)(gu)(gu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)被數千里(li),歷(li)三(san)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu),民(min)雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)免死徙(xi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)無劫奪(duo)盜賊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。是(shi)后(hou),謀(mou)(mou)國(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兢兢。畿輔(fu)則(ze)自(zi)(zi)同(tong)治(zhi)季年(nian)(nian)連遇水患(huan),已有籌(chou)賑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局(ju),博畜豫儲(chu)事(shi)(shi)至立應,故(gu)(gu)(gu)數十(shi)年(nian)(nian)吏治(zhi),獨備(bei)(bei)荒(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)多(duo)(duo)可(ke)紀。然州、縣自(zi)(zi)謀(mou)(mou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),法(fa)(fa)固(gu)猶未(wei)備(bei)(bei)也(ye)。先是(shi)太倉(cang)(cang)錢敏肅公(gong)(gong)(gong),開藩直(zhi)(zhi)隸及(ji)巡(xun)撫(fu)河(he)南,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)至皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)積谷為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重,而(er)(er)(er)(er)任(ren)事(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)未(wei)久(jiu),經畫皆(jie)(jie)未(wei)及(ji)成。今(jin)河(he)道總督任(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)道镕為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)隸布政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)時(shi),踵錢公(gong)(gong)(gong)成法(fa)(fa)、飭所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)屬積谷。前制(zhi)隸按察使朱公(gong)(gong)(gong)靖旬時(shi)牧深州,積谷萬(wan)石,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舊倉(cang)(cang)皆(jie)(jie)廢(fei)(fei),分藏(zang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)人(ren)(ren),舉(ju)(ju)契為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)質。朱公(gong)(gong)(gong)去后(hou),易官(guan)(guan)則(ze)更契不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問谷也(ye)。間十(shi)余年(nian)(nian),錢公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)伊臣來為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州,乃取(qu)(qu)富(fu)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)藏(zang)谷萬(wan)石者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),于(yu)(yu)(yu)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)建倉(cang)(cang)儲(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四倉(cang)(cang)環(huan)峙以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)楹計劃(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)十(shi)六(liu),中為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聽事(shi)(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宴休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)(tang),堂(tang)(tang)三(san)楹,門北向,堂(tang)(tang)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)倉(cang)(cang)神祠,基崇屋敞(chang),墻(qiang)宇峻固(gu),經始于(yu)(yu)(yu)二十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)三(san)月(yue)(yue),明(ming)年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)訖工(gong)。堅明(ming)約束,永守(shou)勿(wu)替(ti)。州人(ren)(ren)李君樹侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書來曰:公(gong)(gong)(gong)愿得子(zi)文(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)記。濤(tao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)救(jiu)荒(huang)無善策也(ye),國(guo)(奴巾)既非可(ke)數頒,籌(chou)賑局(ju)設于(yu)(yu)(yu)都會(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,勢(shi)難分應而(er)(er)(er)(er)遍給(gei)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)謀(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州縣者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)儲(chu)雖(sui)多(duo)(duo),未(wei)必(bi)能久(jiu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)告饑四方,又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)遠,稽時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)慮(lv)。然則(ze)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)稱荒(huang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)可(ke)紀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦特(te)(te)小(xiao)(xiao)補云(yun)爾(er)。海外(wai)(wai)諸國(guo),農(nong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)益興,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氣化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學糞田,一(yi)機(ji)器一(yi)用,且十(shi)倍人(ren)(ren)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力,故(gu)(gu)(gu)能五六(liu)倍于(yu)(yu)(yu)常所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)獲。而(er)(er)(er)(er)火車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌,交于(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)中,輦(nian)百千巨萬(wan)鈞(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,于(yu)(yu)(yu)數千里(li)外(wai)(wai),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)崇朝而(er)(er)(er)(er)至土著者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),無借于(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)能取(qu)(qu)足于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)土,而(er)(er)(er)(er)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)(zi)外(wai)(wai)至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),又如(ru)此其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)易也(ye),尚(shang)何災(zai)(zai)(zai)歉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足憂(you)(you)。今(jin)朝廷銳意,取(qu)(qu)外(wai)(wai)國(guo)長技,足資(zi)治(zhi)理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),易我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)。火車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌,已造端于(yu)(yu)(yu)四沖要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)分岐(qi)出行(xing),遍達乎(hu)窮僻(pi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)學農(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書,且遍布天(tian)下,使皆(jie)(jie)仿(fang)行(xing)。今(jin)錢君廉能愛民(min),守(shou)先公(gong)(gong)(gong)家法(fa)(fa),若(ruo)泯古(gu)今(jin)中外(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見。討其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)、究其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)學實(shi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)收其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)效,使遠近(jin)援(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa),寢推(tui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)寢廣,將遂成國(guo)家新政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),馴致(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)強(qiang)。豈特(te)(te)給(gei)足其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)封內(nei),使吾(wu)儕小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren),無憂(you)(you)災(zai)(zai)(zai)歉,已乎(hu)此固(gu)救(jiu)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)急起而(er)(er)(er)(er)圖(tu)功者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。請以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斯文(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左券(quan)焉。光緒二十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月(yue)(yue) 刑部額外(wai)(wai)主事(shi)(shi)武強(qiang)賀(he)濤(tao)撰文(wen)(wen) 廩膳(shan)生武強(qiang)張寵(chong)壽書。
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