倉(cang)(cang)儲(chu)區的(de)入口原是(shi)一(yi)座三門木(mu)門樓,現(xian)遺存有痕跡,在西倉(cang)(cang)和(he)北倉(cang)(cang)之間原有一(yi)座碑亭;在西倉(cang)(cang)和(he)原東倉(cang)(cang)間用圍(wei)(wei)墻圍(wei)(wei)護(hu),圍(wei)(wei)墻中間開(kai)建一(yi)垂花門,現(xian)已無存。
深(shen)州(zhou)義倉為磚木結構建(jian)(jian)筑,瓦頂(ding)為硬山式陰陽(yang)合瓦布瓦頂(ding)。除東院的門(men)庭施(shi)三踩斗拱(gong)(gong)外,其他建(jian)(jian)筑不施(shi)斗拱(gong)(gong)。建(jian)(jian)筑大木構架(jia)是抬梁式,縱(zong)向構為檁、隨檁兩件。檐椽為方椽,飛(fei)椽上(shang)方下圓(yuan),從正心檁以外鋪設望板,以里鋪設望磚。
義倉之(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)倉、北(bei)倉、西倉在室內地面(mian)下留(liu)設了架空(kong)隔潮(chao)空(kong)間(jian)(jian),使倉內存放(fang)的(de)糧食(shi)和地面(mian)隔離開(kai)來,以(yi)防潮(chao)氣上(shang)滲。同時(shi)還在隔潮(chao)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)墻基上(shang)間(jian)(jian)隔一定(ding)距離開(kai)有通風(feng)孔,使空(kong)氣可以(yi)在通風(feng)孔、門(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)和屋頂上(shang)的(de)百葉(xie)窗(chuang)(chuang)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)上(shang)下流通。
為防堿,義倉的各(ge)建筑的墻體下部設木質腰線一(yi)道(dao)。
因使(shi)用(yong)(yong)功能的需(xu)要,西、南、北三(san)倉都(dou)采用(yong)(yong)了較密集(ji)的平面(mian)柱(zhu)網布局(ju),在進深(shen)方向上(shang)柱(zhu)距(ju)都(dou)只有一米多,柱(zhu)上(shang)有槽(cao),可以(yi)安放(fang)閘(zha)板,可以(yi)隨意分割(ge)空間(jian)。在山(shan)(shan)墻和每(mei)根山(shan)(shan)柱(zhu)間(jian)施(shi)兩(liang)到三(san)個鐵扒鋦,使(shi)兩(liang)者牢固結合,具有良好的抗震作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。門庭、廂房(fang)和聽事房(fang)因使(shi)用(yong)(yong)需(xu)要,平面(mian)柱(zhu)網都(dou)采用(yong)(yong)了減柱(zhu)造。
深州盈億義倉各(ge)建筑的情況
分述如下:
1. 門庭(ting):是東部辦公區的入口(kou),面闊三(san)(san)間(jian),進深(shen)明(ming)間(jian)七檁三(san)(san)柱,次間(jian)七檁五柱,總面闊9.8米,總進深(shen)6.0米。前(qian)后檐(yan)施三(san)(san)踩斗拱,出(chu)45度斜拱。明(ming)間(jian)中柱間(jian)有上檻、門簪(zan)及原有板門留下的榫卯。南面臺(tai)基(ji)、墀頭完好。椽飛基(ji)本完好,原有脊(ji)、獸(shou)缺失。門庭(ting)東西兩側(ce)各有耳房(fang)一(yi)間(jian)。
2.廂房(fang):有東西(xi)(xi)兩座,是糧倉(cang)的帳房(fang)先生辦公和住宿的地(di)方。每(mei)座廂房(fang)面闊(kuo)三間,進(jin)深明間六檁(lin)三柱,次(ci)間六檁(lin)六柱。總面闊(kuo)9.6米(mi),總進(jin)深5.2米(mi)。臺基現為條(tiao)磚壘(lei)砌,墀頭完好(hao)。西(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)西(xi)(xi)墻為原墻體,中間后開一窗,東墻嚴重外閃(shan),檐(yan)檁(lin)、隨檁(lin)枋下垂。
3.宴休堂:面(mian)闊三間(jian),進(jin)深七檁四柱,總(zong)面(mian)闊10.65米(mi),總(zong)進(jin)深7.72米(mi)。東西側各有耳房一間(jian)。北(bei)面(mian)臺基(ji)的壓階(jie)石、階(jie)條(tiao)石和垂(chui)帶保存完(wan)(wan)好。墀頭完(wan)(wan)好。南面(mian)原有檻(jian)墻的條(tiao)磚多處脫(tuo)落、缺損,現用紅機磚填(tian)補。椽飛(fei)保存基(ji)本完(wan)(wan)好。
4.倉神祠:是(shi)供奉保佑(you)糧(liang)倉平安的神?D?D倉神的地方,面(mian)闊三(san)間,進深七檁(lin)四柱(zhu),總(zong)面(mian)闊7.32米,總(zong)進深5.69米。臺(tai)基不完整,垂帶缺失。西(xi)山墻北端下部坍塌,用紅機磚填砌。南(nan)墻上(shang)有三(san)扇木窗。
5.聽事(shi)房:是西(xi)部(bu)倉(cang)儲區的(de)中心(xin)建筑,是收(shou)糧、放糧時過秤、記數的(de)地方(fang)。面闊三間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)(shen)明間(jian)(jian)(jian)七檁三柱(zhu),次間(jian)(jian)(jian)七檁七柱(zhu)。總面闊9.9米(mi),總進(jin)深(shen)(shen)7.44米(mi)。臺基的(de)階條石缺(que)損6米(mi),缺(que)一個(ge)垂帶(dai)。檐(yan)椽、飛頭(tou)、檐(yan)檁、隨檁均有不同程度的(de)朽蝕。
6.西倉(cang):面闊三間,進深(shen)(shen)七檁(lin)七柱,總(zong)面闊22.4米,總(zong)進深(shen)(shen)8.2 6米。原來(lai)的臺階無(wu)存。南邊墀頭(tou)完(wan)好,北(bei)邊加長了(le)60厘米,沒有墀頭(tou)。檐檁(lin)、隨檁(lin)均有缺失,椽飛保(bao)存基(ji)本(ben)完(wan)好。
7.南(nan)倉(cang)和北倉(cang):南(nan)倉(cang)和北倉(cang)體(ti)量(liang)相(xiang)同,都(dou)是面闊十一間,進深(shen)(shen)七(qi)檁(lin)七(qi)柱,總面闊34.98米(mi),總進深(shen)(shen)7.88米(mi)。屋頂上開(kai)有(you)(you)百(bai)頁通風窗,南(nan)倉(cang)九扇(shan)(shan),西端兩間沒有(you)(you),北倉(cang)每間一扇(shan)(shan),共(gong)十一扇(shan)(shan)。南(nan)、北倉(cang)原有(you)(you)臺基都(dou)沒有(you)(you)保(bao)留(liu)下(xia)來,東側山(shan)墻后向外加砌(qi)。沒有(you)(you)墀頭。檐(yan)檁(lin)、前檐(yan)穿插枋(fang)、隨檁(lin)枋(fang)有(you)(you)的(de)糟(zao)裂,有(you)(you)的(de)缺失,椽飛完好。
8、總體
義(yi)倉院內室外地(di)面原(yuan)來也全部鋪有墁地(di)磚,現已(yi)無存。原(yuan)有的排水管道和下水口(kou),現在仍在發揮作(zuo)用。
清深州義倉記
自(zi)(zi)吏(li)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)修(xiu),百度弛(chi)墮。古(gu)昔所(suo)(suo)(suo)垂(chui)善政(zheng)(zheng),若保甲常平倉(cang)及(ji)一切便利于(yu)(yu)(yu)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)擇地而(er)(er)可(ke)施,不(bu)(bu)(bu)待時(shi)而(er)(er)可(ke)行,傳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)而(er)(er)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)皆(jie)(jie)廢(fei)棄而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)舉。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)也(ye),未(wei)(wei)(wei)敢公(gong)言廢(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上官(guan)督(du)責屬吏(li),歲使(shi)人(ren)按(an)人(ren)按(an)視(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規,則(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)告(gao),上官(guan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)究也(ye)。觀其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文牒往來,固(gu)(gu)(gu)無(wu)法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)美(mei)(mei)、無(wu)政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)舉矣。既而(er)(er)進考其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)實,則(ze)所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂督(du)責按(an)視(shi)而(er)(er)辨治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),特相應以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming),漫不(bu)(bu)(bu)知為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)何(he)事(shi),而(er)(er)閭巷疲氓,賴吾政(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),則(ze)生來未(wei)(wei)(wei)見有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi),乃并未(wei)(wei)(wei)嘗聞有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)也(ye)。光(guang)緒初,冀、青、兗(yan)、豫(yu)(yu)大旱,疆吏(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)災(zai)聞,天子(zi)(zi)憂(you)勞,發官(guan)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)一振乞糴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。書四(si)(si)達,遠(yuan)近(jin)官(guan)民爭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀米輸災(zai)區,自(zi)(zi)中外(wai)(wai)(wai)大臣、群(qun)司百執事(shi)奔走(zou)營(ying)救,類能(neng)竭誠(cheng)潔(jie)己,而(er)(er)怠忽侵漁(yu)必懲。故(gu)(gu)災(zai)所(suo)(suo)(suo)被數(shu)(shu)千(qian)里,歷三(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu),民雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)免死徙,而(er)(er)無(wu)劫奪盜賊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。是后(hou),謀(mou)國(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救災(zai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兢兢。畿輔則(ze)自(zi)(zi)同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)年(nian)連遇水(shui)患(huan),已有(you)(you)籌賑(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局,博畜豫(yu)(yu)儲(chu)事(shi)至立應,故(gu)(gu)數(shu)(shu)十(shi)年(nian)吏(li)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),獨備荒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)多可(ke)紀(ji)。然州(zhou)(zhou)、縣自(zi)(zi)謀(mou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),法(fa)固(gu)(gu)(gu)猶(you)未(wei)(wei)(wei)備也(ye)。先(xian)是太倉(cang)錢(qian)敏肅公(gong),開藩直隸(li)及(ji)巡(xun)撫河南,所(suo)(suo)(suo)至皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)積(ji)谷(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong),而(er)(er)任(ren)事(shi)皆(jie)(jie)未(wei)(wei)(wei)久(jiu),經畫皆(jie)(jie)未(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)成。今河道總督(du)任(ren)公(gong)道镕為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直隸(li)布政(zheng)(zheng)時(shi),踵錢(qian)公(gong)成法(fa)、飭所(suo)(suo)(suo)屬積(ji)谷(gu)(gu)。前制(zhi)隸(li)按(an)察使(shi)朱(zhu)公(gong)靖旬時(shi)牧深(shen)州(zhou)(zhou),積(ji)谷(gu)(gu)萬(wan)石(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舊倉(cang)皆(jie)(jie)廢(fei),分藏(zang)(zang)(zang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富人(ren),舉契為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)質。朱(zhu)公(gong)去后(hou),易(yi)(yi)官(guan)則(ze)更契不(bu)(bu)(bu)問谷(gu)(gu)也(ye)。間十(shi)余年(nian),錢(qian)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)伊臣來為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州(zhou)(zhou),乃取富人(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)谷(gu)(gu)萬(wan)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),于(yu)(yu)(yu)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東建倉(cang)儲(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四(si)(si)倉(cang)環峙(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)楹(ying)計劃(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)十(shi)六(liu),中為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)事(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宴(yan)休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang),堂(tang)三(san)楹(ying),門北向,堂(tang)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)倉(cang)神祠,基崇屋敞,墻宇峻固(gu)(gu)(gu),經始于(yu)(yu)(yu)二十(shi)三(san)年(nian)三(san)月(yue),明(ming)(ming)年(nian)九月(yue)訖工。堅(jian)明(ming)(ming)約束(shu),永守(shou)勿替。州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)李(li)君(jun)樹侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書來曰:公(gong)愿得子(zi)(zi)文為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)記(ji)。濤(tao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)救荒無(wu)善策也(ye),國(guo)(guo)(奴(nu)巾)既非(fei)可(ke)數(shu)(shu)頒,籌賑(zhen)局設于(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)會(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,勢難分應而(er)(er)遍給。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)謀(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)縣者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)(suo)(suo)儲(chu)雖(sui)多,未(wei)(wei)(wei)必能(neng)久(jiu)。而(er)(er)告(gao)饑(ji)四(si)(si)方,又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致遠(yuan),稽時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)慮。然則(ze)所(suo)(suo)(suo)稱荒政(zheng)(zheng)可(ke)紀(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)特小補云爾。海外(wai)(wai)(wai)諸國(guo)(guo),農(nong)政(zheng)(zheng)益興,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氣化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)糞田,一機器一用(yong),且(qie)十(shi)倍人(ren)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力,故(gu)(gu)能(neng)五六(liu)倍于(yu)(yu)(yu)常所(suo)(suo)(suo)獲。而(er)(er)火車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌,交(jiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)中,輦百千(qian)巨(ju)萬(wan)鈞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong),于(yu)(yu)(yu)數(shu)(shu)千(qian)里外(wai)(wai)(wai),不(bu)(bu)(bu)崇朝而(er)(er)至土(tu)著者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),無(wu)借于(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)而(er)(er)能(neng)取足于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)土(tu),而(er)(er)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)(zi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),又如此其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)易(yi)(yi)也(ye),尚(shang)何(he)災(zai)歉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足憂(you)。今朝廷(ting)銳意,取外(wai)(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)長技,足資治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),易(yi)(yi)我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)。火車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌,已造端于(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)沖要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝分岐出行,遍達乎窮(qiong)僻。而(er)(er)學(xue)農(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書,且(qie)遍布天下,使(shi)皆(jie)(jie)仿行。今錢(qian)君(jun)廉(lian)能(neng)愛民,守(shou)先(xian)公(gong)家法(fa),若泯古(gu)今中外(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見。討其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)、究其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)學(xue)實,而(er)(er)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)收其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)效,使(shi)遠(yuan)近(jin)援以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa),寢(qin)推(tui)而(er)(er)寢(qin)廣,將遂成國(guo)(guo)家新政(zheng)(zheng),馴致于(yu)(yu)(yu)富強。豈特給足其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)內,使(shi)吾儕小人(ren),無(wu)憂(you)災(zai)歉,已乎此固(gu)(gu)(gu)救時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢(xian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)急(ji)起而(er)(er)圖功者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。請以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斯(si)文為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)券焉。光(guang)緒二十(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)九月(yue) 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