北戴河近代建筑建設可追溯到,1917年在此修建了中國第一條旅游鐵路支線后就進入繁榮時期,七年間共增建別墅273幢。北戴河近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)筑群。加上以前三十多(duo)年(nian)建(jian)的(de)253幢(chuang),到1924年(nian)北戴河海(hai)濱(bin)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)別墅樓526幢(chuang),其中(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人的(de)別墅占(zhan)四(si)分之一(yi);以后(hou)的(de)二十四(si)年(nian)間,又建(jian)新(xin)別墅193幢(chuang),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人的(de)占(zhan)了一(yi)半。這些建(jian)筑分布在北戴河海(hai)濱(bin)自西聯峰山到鴿子窩沿海(hai),總面(mian)積(ji)18平方公里。如喬和別墅,又名(ming)瑞士小姐樓,位于(yu)北戴河安二路5號,今水利部北戴河療養院內。建(jian)于(yu)20世(shi)紀20年(nian)代(dai),坐北向(xiang)南,為地(di)下(xia)一(yi)層(ceng),地(di)上兩層(ceng),毛石基礎(chu),墻體為磚砌水刷石貼面(mian),局部為毛石壘(lei)砌,歐(ou)式(shi)堡壘(lei)建(jian)筑。該(gai)建(jian)筑造型獨特,風(feng)格(ge)優(you)雅,占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)較大(da),有(you)附屬(shu)花園,園內種有(you)珍奇花木,環境(jing)優(you)美,是目前北戴河優(you)秀(xiu)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)筑。
北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she),最(zui)早可以追溯到19世紀末,自1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)海(hai)濱修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國第(di)一(yi)條(tiao)旅游鐵路支(zhi)線后就進(jin)(jin)入繁榮時期。其(qi)中(zhong)1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)13幢(chuang),1918年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)39幢(chuang),1919年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)32幢(chuang),1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)16幢(chuang),1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)57幢(chuang),1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)80幢(chuang),1923年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)36幢(chuang),7年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間共增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)273幢(chuang),加(jia)(jia)上以前30多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)253幢(chuang),到1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)海(hai)濱有(you)中(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)526幢(chuang),其(qi)中(zhong)中(zhong)國人(ren)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)占四分之一(yi),以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,又(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)193幢(chuang),其(qi)中(zhong)中(zhong)國人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)占了(le)(le)一(yi)半。但從總數看,中(zhong)國人(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)還(huan)是大大少于外(wai)(wai)(wai)國人(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)。別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數字變化,也反映了(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)海(hai)濱自1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被清政(zheng)府辟為(wei)(wei)"允中(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)士(shi)雜居(ju)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)避暑(shu)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展過程(cheng)。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)形(xing)式(shi)各異且(qie)具(ju)有(you)某些(xie)(xie)共同特點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)者,多為(wei)(wei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)國人(ren),而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)者則(ze)都是中(zhong)國人(ren)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包工頭以草(cao)廠村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)闞向舞最(zui)為(wei)(wei)有(you)名,他因(yin)與德國建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)師魏(wei)迪錫及蓋林合(he)(he)作承包了(le)(le)不少工程(cheng)而發了(le)(le)大財(cai)。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分布在北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)海(hai)濱自西(xi)聯峰山至鴿子窩(wo)沿海(hai)三里范圍內(nei),總面積18平方公(gong)里。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge)多為(wei)(wei)西(xi)式(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu),北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)稍有(you)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)矩形(xing)平面,也有(you)變化多樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)平面;多為(wei)(wei)單層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),部分為(wei)(wei)二、三層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)式(shi)四坡屋頂;一(yi)面、二面、三面或者四面建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)廊,外(wai)(wai)(wai)廊進(jin)(jin)深(shen)很大。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)占地(di)(di)(di)面積大,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)居(ju)中(zhong),周(zhou)圍空地(di)(di)(di)多,院內(nei)廣植花草(cao)樹木,環境(jing)良好,非常適宜休閑避暑(shu)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge)是西(xi)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在殖民地(di)(di)(di)尤(you)其(qi)是熱帶地(di)(di)(di)區根據當地(di)(di)(di)氣候、居(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要,結(jie)合(he)(he)當地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是通(tong)風(feng)良好,適宜室外(wai)(wai)(wai)長廊活動,這(zhe)(zhe)在有(you)關北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)獻中(zhong)屢屢提到,北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)大部分近(jin)(jin)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)殖民式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)(he)還(huan)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體量(liang)較(jiao)大,設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)優美,現狀保(bao)存良好,這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge)是將西(xi)式(shi)各種(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge)相融合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)折衷主義建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)(ge)。已(yi)經申報(bao)為(wei)(wei)全國重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。