芒果视频下载

基本介紹

北戴河近代建筑建設可追溯到，1917年在此修建了中國第一條旅游鐵路支線后就進入繁榮時期，七年間共增建別墅273幢。北戴(dai)(dai)河(he)近代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)。加上以前三十多年(nian)(nian)建(jian)的(de)253幢，到1924年(nian)(nian)北戴(dai)(dai)河(he)海(hai)濱有中外別(bie)墅(shu)(shu)(shu)樓526幢，其(qi)中中國(guo)人的(de)別(bie)墅(shu)(shu)(shu)占(zhan)四分之一；以后的(de)二(er)十四年(nian)(nian)間，又建(jian)新別(bie)墅(shu)(shu)(shu)193幢，中國(guo)人的(de)占(zhan)了一半。這些建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)分布(bu)在北戴(dai)(dai)河(he)海(hai)濱自(zi)西聯峰山到鴿子(zi)窩沿(yan)海(hai)，總面(mian)積18平方公里。如(ru)喬和別(bie)墅(shu)(shu)(shu)，又名瑞士小(xiao)姐(jie)樓，位于北戴(dai)(dai)河(he)安二(er)路5號(hao)，今水利部(bu)北戴(dai)(dai)河(he)療養院(yuan)內。建(jian)于20世紀20年(nian)(nian)代(dai)，坐北向(xiang)南，為(wei)地下(xia)一層，地上兩層，毛(mao)石基礎，墻體為(wei)磚(zhuan)砌水刷石貼面(mian)，局部(bu)為(wei)毛(mao)石壘(lei)砌，歐式堡壘(lei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。該建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)造型獨特，風格優(you)雅(ya)，占(zhan)地面(mian)積較大，有附(fu)屬花園，園內種有珍奇花木，環境(jing)優(you)美，是目前北戴(dai)(dai)河(he)優(you)秀近代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。

北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)近代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，最(zui)早可(ke)以(yi)追溯到(dao)19世(shi)紀(ji)末，自1917年(nian)(nian)北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)海濱(bin)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)第一(yi)條(tiao)旅游鐵路支線后就進(jin)入繁榮時期(qi)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1917年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)13幢(chuang)(chuang)，1918年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)39幢(chuang)(chuang)，1919年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)32幢(chuang)(chuang)，1920年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)16幢(chuang)(chuang)，1921年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)57幢(chuang)(chuang)，1922年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)80幢(chuang)(chuang)，1923年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)36幢(chuang)(chuang)，7年(nian)(nian)間共(gong)增(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)別墅(shu)273幢(chuang)(chuang)，加(jia)上以(yi)前(qian)30多年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)253幢(chuang)(chuang)，到(dao)1924年(nian)(nian)北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)海濱(bin)有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)別墅(shu)樓526幢(chuang)(chuang)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)別墅(shu)占(zhan)四分(fen)之一(yi)，以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)24年(nian)(nian)間，又建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新別墅(shu)193幢(chuang)(chuang)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)了(le)一(yi)半。但從(cong)總(zong)數看，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別墅(shu)還是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)少(shao)于(yu)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別墅(shu)。別墅(shu)樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字變(bian)化，也反(fan)映了(le)北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)海濱(bin)自1898年(nian)(nian)被清政府辟為(wei)(wei)"允中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)人(ren)士雜居(ju)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)避(bi)暑地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展過(guo)程。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)形式(shi)(shi)各異且具有某(mou)些(xie)共(gong)同(tong)特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別墅(shu)樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計者，多為(wei)(wei)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)，而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造者則都是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)。北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包工(gong)頭以(yi)草(cao)廠(chang)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闞(kan)向舞最(zui)為(wei)(wei)有名，他因與德國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計師魏迪(di)錫及蓋林合作(zuo)承(cheng)包了(le)不少(shao)工(gong)程而發了(le)大(da)(da)(da)財。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)布在北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)海濱(bin)自西(xi)聯峰山至鴿子窩沿海三里(li)范圍內，總(zong)面(mian)積18平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)多為(wei)(wei)西(xi)式(shi)(shi)別墅(shu)，北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)近代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)稍有變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矩(ju)形平(ping)面(mian)，也有變(bian)化多樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)；多為(wei)(wei)單層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，部分(fen)為(wei)(wei)二、三層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)式(shi)(shi)四坡屋頂；一(yi)面(mian)、二面(mian)、三面(mian)或者四面(mian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有外(wai)廊，外(wai)廊進(jin)深(shen)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)占(zhan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積大(da)(da)(da)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)居(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，周圍空地(di)(di)多，院內廣植花草(cao)樹木，環境良(liang)好，非常適宜休閑避(bi)暑。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)是(shi)西(xi)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在殖民(min)(min)地(di)(di)尤其是(shi)熱帶地(di)(di)區根(gen)據當地(di)(di)氣候、居(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，結合當地(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式(shi)(shi)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)通風(feng)良(liang)好，適宜室(shi)外(wai)長廊活動(dong)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在有關北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)近代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文獻中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屢屢提到(dao)，北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)部分(fen)近代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)殖民(min)(min)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式(shi)(shi)。北戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)還有一(yi)些(xie)近代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體量較大(da)(da)(da)，設(she)計優美，現狀保(bao)存良(liang)好，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)是(shi)將西(xi)式(shi)(shi)各種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)相融合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)折衷主義建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)。已經申報為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。