歷史變遷
關于(yu)該寺(si)的(de)(de)(de)建筑年(nian)(nian)代,據1995年(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)新《蔚縣志)已被(bei)確認為(wei)遼代所建《大約(yue)在公元卯(mao)丁年(nian)(nian)至公元年(nian)(nian)),據民間傳說,當時(shi)(shi)宋、遼對峙,兩(liang)國(guo)連年(nian)(nian).征(zheng)戰,遼國(guo)太子反對戰爭,憤而出(chu)(chu)家重泰(tai)寺(si)。從(cong)有確切的(de)(de)(de)文字記載(zai)看(kan),從(cong)明(ming)朝弘治(zhi)九年(nian)(nian)(公元1496年(nian)(nian))真慧和尚改建該寺(si),名為(wei)三圣寺(si)「到(dao)明(ming)朝弘治(zhi)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(公元卜03年(nian)(nian))又經重修(xiu),至嘉靖九年(nian)(nian)(公元卜30年(nian)(nian)),山西潞城王因(yin)避仇,曾駕幸該寺(si)個這段歷史(shi)有待(dai)于(yu)進(jin)不步(bu)研究考證),經重新整佑,一才賜名重泰(tai)寺(si)。清光緒時(shi)(shi),曾一度叫羅漢寺(si)。
建筑格局
重(zhong)泰寺靜(jing)踞高丘,寺東(dong)西(xi)有(you)(you)兩(liang)條砂河環繞,民間(jian)有(you)(you)“二龍戲珠”和“龍播虎伏”之說。該(gai)寺占地(di)面(mian)積六千五(wu)百(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)平方米,有(you)(you)殿宇房舍(she)一(yi)酉二十(shi)(shi)間(jian),遠望樓,閣、殿、臺(tai)塔、舍(she),錯落有(you)(you)致,蒼松(song)有(you)(you)態,甚是(shi)(shi)宏偉壯觀。重(zhong)泰寺的主要建筑(zhu)沿南(nan)北(bei)(bei)一(yi)條縱(zong)軸線上(shang)扮(ban)布,東(dong)西(xi)橫軸線對稱排列。中軸線上(shang)共計入座建筑(zhu),從(cong)南(nan)至北(bei)(bei)依次(ci)為戲樓、山門彌勒殿、千佛(fo)殿、觀音殿、水陸殿、釋(shi)迎殿、三教(jiao)樓。戲樓,座南(nan)朝北(bei)(bei),面(mian)對山門,單(dan)槍卷翻希瓦頂丁面(mian)寬三間(jian),進深二間(jian),六架梁。戲樓正南(nan)培(pei)壁(bi)上(shang)繪一(yi)疾(ji)走(zou)的旗成,高二米有(you)(you)余,長(chang)四(si)米多,氣勢磅時,東(dong)西(xi)山墻保存多處清代戲曲題壁(bi),是(shi)(shi)研究梨園(yuan)舞臺(tai)的珍貴資(zi)料(liao)。昔日(ri)農歷重(zhong)月十(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)廟會期,極為熱鬧,好多戲班,來此演(yan)戲。清朝光(guang)緒年(nian)間(jian),歸化城(cheng)(即今呼(hu)和浩特)的著(zhu)名演(yan)員買賣黑曾登臺(tai)表演(yan)。
山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)座北(bei)朝南(nan),座落在高干米的(de)磚砌(qi)臺基(ji)上,單泊硬山(shan)(shan)市(shi)百頂,面(mian)寬蘭間(jian),進深二(er)閱,山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)拉.下(xia),有(you)石(shi)獅(shi)一(yi)(yi)對,臉皆微(wei)向(xiang)里(li)側,神(shen)態慈祥呻顯威嚴。現(xian)石(shi)獅(shi)已被(bei)移人(ren)縣城釋迎(ying)寺。兩壁門(men)(men)(men)神(shen)秦叔(shu)新彩繪(hui),還新砌(qi)了(le)一(yi)(yi)榴脊 ,中(zhong)寶、尉、遲恭和(he)茶(cha)舉(ju)托(tuo)迦,羅枯(ku)者重新彩繪(hui),還新砌(qi)了(le)一(yi)(yi)溜花磚,中(zhong)吻(wen)塔(ta)兩側,八(ba)仙(xian),其(qi)(qi)人(ren)才長小影,也能辨其(qi)(qi)為何仙(xian)。脊邊吻(wen)亦沉(chen)穩勝舊。人(ren)山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men),院(yuan)北(bei)正中(zhong)頭層(ceng)彌勒殿(dian)殿(dian)前也有(you)雙獅(shi)一(yi)(yi)對現(xian)已移山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)外(wai),造型與原(yuan)石(shi)獅(shi)大同小異。院(yuan)內(nei)無別物東側有(you)蒼松(song)一(yi)(yi)株。彌勒殿(dian)面(mian)闊三間(jian),進深二(er)間(jian),殿(dian)內(nei)壁畫(hua)十八(ba)羅漢斗彌勒極為生動悅目(mu)。掖門(men)(men)(men)兩廁為鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓,西為鼓樓,其(qi)(qi)頂用十字形大脊交叉組(zu)成,加上搪口(kou)角(jiao)的(de)新套(tao)獸(shou)(shou),套(tao)獸(shou)(shou)下(xia)的(de)新鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)風鈴(現(xian)已丟(diu)失),小巧玲嚨,當年(nian)雙樓下(xia)設樓梯砌(qi)小炕,為值更僧(seng)所居。重泰寺的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲雖不及唐(tang)代張繼《楓橋夜泊》詩申(shen)肺(fei)提到(dao)的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲聞名,但其(qi)(qi)悠(you)遠的(de)音響,也是名揚(yang)蔚蘿山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)。
清(qing)朝直臣(chen)、刑(xing)部(bu)尚書魏象樞(蔚州人)大約在(zai)公元?年與(yu)廣東名人凌十齋、善(shan)草書的江桂窿等人游(you)覽(lan)了這所名剎i曾寫下了二首題為(wei)(wei)《游(you)重泰寺(si)千(qian)同(tong)看五(wu)百鐵羅漢)的七律詩,詩申末尾寫到'歸路茫(mang)茫(mang)春雨(yu)后(hou),鐘(zhong)聲十里人斜晾(liang)。可見其鐘(zhong)聲悠(you)遠。據民間(jian)傳(chuan)說明伏(fu)有二武僧,在(zai)此寺(si)燒香(xiang)撞鐘(zhong)后(hou),又至前(qian)、后(hou)太(tai)佛寺(si)燒香(xiang),返回時音仍(reng)不絕。重泰寺(si)與(yu)后(hou)太(tai)佛寺(si)山(shan)躇(chu)二十里,鐘(zhong)聲猶聞,似有夸張之(zhi)意,但可證(zheng)明鐘(zhong)的曹(cao)[5] ?質名不虛傳(chuan)。二層(ceng)殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)千(qian)佛殿(dian)(dian),此殿(dian)(dian)面闊三間(jian),進深(shen)二間(jian)。院(yuan)東為(wei)(wei)二郎廟,三間(jian),進深(shen)廣間(jian)。院(yuan)西為(wei)(wei)關(guan)帝“期(qi)蘭郎廟”此廟除塑關(guan)羽(yu)像外,統(tong)為(wei)(wei)懸塑;懸山(shan)上盡塑三國故事,如南壁(bi)“虎牢關(guan)三英戰呂布”,北壁(bi)“蕾口川水(shui)淹七軍”,極為(wei)(wei)生動傳(chuan)神。千(qian)佛殿(dian)(dian)東側小(xiao)院(yuan)為(wei)(wei)碑(bei)林(lin),東西廊(lang)(lang)原有康熙、雍正(zheng)、乾隆、嘉慶、道(dao)光、同(tong)治年間(jian)立碑(bei)十三通,現(xian)僅存碑(bei)座及壁(bi)渴一(yi)(yi)塊,此院(yuan)二短廊(lang)(lang),一(yi)(yi)長廊(lang)(lang).,布局緊湊(cou)。
三層為(wei)觀(guan)音殿(dian),面闊(kuo)進深為(wei)一(yi)間;殿(dian)內站(zhan)觀(guan)昔高之米(mi)多,衣著簡疏,肌理細
膩(ni),慈(ci)眉善眼(yan),在纏枝寶(bao)相(xiang)花和蓮瓣佛座(zuo)的映(ying)襯下(xia),姿態(tai)端莊。此殿(dian)置于佛殿(dian)與水陸殿(dian)中(zhong)。殿(dian)東側為羅(luo)漢殿(dian),面闊五(wu)間(jian),進深一間(jian),過去殿(dian)內四壁懸(xuan)山上、下(xia)、左、右共五(wu)百(bai)尊;金光灼灼,形(xing)置銅(tong)色鐵佛;琳瑯滿目,形(xing)象逼(bi)真,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生,真可謂鬼斧神工五(wu)百(bai)羅(luo)漢因隊(dui)伍龐大,耗資甚巨(ju),所以帶(dai)羅(luo)漢殿(dian)的廟,多為大名剎。
現在全國保存(cun)最為(wei)(wei)完整的(de)(de)五酉羅漢(han)堂一(yi)是(shi)北京西(xi)仙的(de)(de)碧云(yun)寺(si)(si),二(er)是(shi)杭州(zhou)的(de)(de)靈隱寺(si)(si)。據說昔日一(yi)個賣氈帽的(de)(de),留(liu)宿重泰寺(si)(si),由于數不甚數,即(ji)每干個羅漢(han)戴氈帽一(yi)頂,可最終仍無準數極見一(yi)堂濟(ji)濟(ji)之狀。五百羅漢(han)在士龍(long)年大煉鋼(gang)鐵中化(hua)為(wei)(wei)爐渣,殘留(liu)下一(yi)、三(san)尊已(yi)不知所向。西(xi)側閻正(zheng)殿也(ye)是(shi)懸塑,造象工藝與關帝廟十樣(yang)精細(xi)。此殿南瞻下現存(cun)安(an)徽桐城楊裕于道光二(er)十九(jiu)年九(jiu)月(yue)攘(rang)碑一(yi)通(tong),是(shi)研究該寺(si)(si)康熙(xi)前(qian)后(hou)歷史(shi)的(de)(de)重要依據.
該寺四個配(pei)殿二(er)郎(lang)廟、關帝廟、羅漢(han)殿、閻三(san)殿皆為懸山造像,此乃該寺的(de)一大(da)特色(se)。
四(si)層(ceng)殿(dian)為(wei)水(shui)陸(lu)殿(dian),它面(mian)(mian)漓三(san)間(jian)(jian),進深二(er)間(jian)(jian),此(ci)殿(dian)壁(bi)畫保存(cun)完整,殿(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)側(ce)有(you)(you)藏經(jing)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),為(wei)明二(er)暗(an)「式樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣。清代已塑(su)像其中(zhong),藏經(jing)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)就名(ming)不(bu)副實了,此(ci)殿(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)各設(she)丁磚(zhuan)砌小掖(ye)門(men),通(tong)間(jian)(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)釋迎殿(dian)。釋遮(zhe)殿(dian),面(mian)(mian)闊三(san)間(jian)(jian),進深三(san)間(jian)(jian),內(nei)里方形(xing),為(wei)重泰寺(si)(si)(si)最大殿(dian)堂,甚是寵偉、莊(zhuang)嚴。該殿(dian)單(dan)擅歇山(shan)(shan)頂五架梁,前(qian)抱卷(juan)棚廈四(si)架梁,通(tong)高也米,廈前(qian)臺(tai)階(jie)(jie)上(shang)三(san)層(ceng)縷(lv)空磚(zhuan)雕(diao),龍(long)、鳳等(deng)(deng),細膩傳(chuan)神。椽頭(tou)均泥彩塑(su),鋪首(shou)環。該寺(si)(si)(si)墻(qiang)壁(bi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)出(chu)前(qian)收,前(qian)壁(bi)硬墻(qiang)直接屋面(mian)(mian),后(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)硬墻(qiang)上(shang),皆以斗洪上(shang)托(tuo)屋面(mian)(mian),為(wei)不(bu)使壁(bi)柱遭蟲矗(chu),外墻(qiang)基隨柱數(shu)皆有(you)(you)¨大"字形(xing)鳳眼,且"大"字五個出(chu)頭(tou),皆巧(qiao)妙造形(xing),可看出(chu)中(zhong)國(guo)古代勞動(dong)人民的(de)(de)高度智慧。釋迦殿(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)三(san)教樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),又名(ming)太子樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)南(nan)原(yuan)置木(mu)梯,到光緒年(nian)間(jian)(jian)改建(jian)成二(er)十(shi)二(er)級磚(zhuan)砌臺(tai)階(jie)(jie)。臺(tai)階(jie)(jie)下(xia)(xia)巧(qiao)設(she)一(yi)(yi)人高孔道,連東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)憎(zeng)舍,從西(xi)(xi)舍獨門(men)人,穿階(jie)(jie)下(xia)(xia)孔道即至(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)舍。臺(tai)上(shang)磚(zhuan)欄(lan)圍樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)檐(yan)配高利寺(si)(si)(si)七十(shi)一(yi)(yi)羅老木(mu)工劉居的(de)(de)透雕(diao)飛龍(long)極為(wei)精細。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)脊、邊脊張嘴獸、合(he)(he)嘴獸,脊梢吻(wen)都重新砌過。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)內(nei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)壁(bi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)佛(fo)祖釋逝牟尼(ni)、孔子居左,老子居右,手(shou)中(zhong)均持圭牌侍者(zhe)端盤分(fen)列其間(jian)(jian)。懦、釋、道由早(zao)期的(de)(de)水(shui)火不(bu)相容,發(fa)展(zhan)到三(san)教合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi),兼(jian)(jian)容兼(jian)(jian)蓄(xu):最后(hou)(hou)(hou)竟薈萃一(yi)(yi)堂,也是明清宗(zong)教發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)必(bi)然結果(guo)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)墻(qiang)上(shang)繪白象投(tou)胎、樹下(xia)(xia)誕生,九龍(long)灑(sa)水(shui)、出(chu)游(you)四(si)門(men)、逾城苦修"等(deng)(deng)佛(fo)教故(gu)事(shi),值年(nian)久(jiu)畫面(mian)(mian)顏色氧化多(duo)已還(huan)鉛。登(deng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)依欄(lan)北(bei)(bei)望(wang),囊凹連綿起伏,南(nan)望(wang)全寺(si)(si)(si)景觀盡收眼底。;三(san)教樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)屋九間(jian)(jian),還(huan)有(you)(you)釋逝殿(dian)兩(liang)側(ce)配房(fang),昔皆住憎(zeng)眾(zhong)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)角院(yuan)(yuan),為(wei)方丈,道長撣室(shi)。香(xiang)火最盛時,該專有(you)(you)萬(wan)丈、道長各一(yi)(yi)人,分(fen)僧(seng)道兩(liang)門(men)。有(you)(you)徒(tu)眾(zhong)六十(shi)多(duo)人。東(dong)(dong)(dong)角院(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)有(you)(you)庫房(fang)、餐窒,寺(si)(si)(si)內(nei)二(er)郎廟前(qian)有(you)(you)碾房(fang),西(xi)(xi)角院(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)井(jing),供方丈、住持、僧(seng)眾(zhong)、游(you)方憎(zeng)、施主游(you)人吃用。寺(si)(si)(si)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)塔(ta)林(lin),今僅(jin)存(cun)明嘉靖時靈骨塔(ta)一(yi)(yi)座,隔壑(he)西(xi)(xi)去也有(you)(you)塔(ta)林(lin),今無存(cun)。該寺(si)(si)(si)全部泥塑(su)在(zai)"文革”中(zhong)毀于(yu)一(yi)(yi)旦。