父(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址位于(yu)寶豐縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東20公里(li)李莊鄉古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村、馬莊村、楊(yang)莊村。父(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)商周時為應國(guo)地(di),春(chun)秋(qiu)歸楚(chu)(chu)為“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)父(fu)(fu)邑”,是(shi)楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)北(bei)方之邊陲重鎮(zhen),楚(chu)(chu)太子建曾(ceng)鎮(zhen)守于(yu)此。秦(qin)朝時為父(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣。觀音妙善在父(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)出(chu)生,后在香山寺修(xiu)成正果。東漢(han)軍事家(jia)“大樹將軍”馮異生于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內,并(bing)葬于(yu)父(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東南之龍山腳下(xia)。父(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址是(shi)商至(zhi)南北(bei)朝時期的古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址,歷經商、西周、春(chun)秋(qiu)戰(zhan)國(guo)、秦(qin)、漢(han)、晉、南北(bei)朝,距今已有3000多年。
據史料(liao)記載,父城商周時為(wei)應國地(di),盤庚(geng)七(qi)年(nian)(nian),應侯(hou)赴(fu)殷都(dou)朝(chao)見殷王。周武王封(feng)子于(yu)應,為(wei)侯(hou)國。春秋歸楚為(wei)“城父邑(yi)”。《春秋左(zuo)氏傳》載:昭公十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)夏五月(yue),費無極(ji)言于(yu)楚子曰“晉之(zhi)伯也,邇于(yu)諸(zhu)夏;而(er)楚避(bi)陋(lou),故(gu)弗能與爭。若大城城父,而(er)置太子焉,以通北方(fang),王收南方(fang),是得天下也。王悅,從之(zhi)。故(gu)太子建居于(yu)城父”。戰國周赧王四十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(公元前272年(nian)(nian)),置南陽郡,轄父城。秦朝(chao)時,這里(li)設為(wei)父城縣(xian),屬潁川郡。南北朝(chao)太和十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(公元493年(nian)(nian)),廢(fei)父城縣(xian),命名龍山縣(xian)。
父(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)位于(yu)李莊鄉空曠的麥田中,遺址(zhi)高出平(ping)地2米(mi)(mi)多,北(bei)部(bu)側面(mian)垂直(zhi)平(ping)整(zheng),像(xiang)是(shi)一塊豆腐的切面(mian)。登(deng)上內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)臺,上面(mian)同樣是(shi)平(ping)整(zheng)的麥田。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)臺,位于(yu)整(zheng)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的西(xi)北(bei)部(bu),呈長方(fang)形(xing),面(mian)積約40萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)面(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣痕跡仍隱約可見,東西(xi)長1750米(mi)(mi),南北(bei)寬1250米(mi)(mi),全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周長6公里(li),面(mian)積約220萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。
城(cheng)址內發現有春秋(qiu)繩(sheng)紋(wen)陶片及漢代板瓦等(deng)。遺(yi)址內馬莊、古城(cheng)等(deng)村曾先后(hou)出(chu)(chu)土春秋(qiu)及戰國時(shi)期青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)壺(hu)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鑒等(deng)。附近(jin)的南牛(niu)莊、小謝莊曾發現春秋(qiu)戰國墓葬區(qu),出(chu)(chu)土有銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼎、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)劍、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鈴、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)戈等(deng)。
父城遺址的附屬文物有:楚長城、運(yun)糧河(he)、馮異墓、白雀(que)寺、三(san)姑墓。
離開(kai)內(nei)(nei)城遺址向(xiang)東走約2公里(li),這就是父城的運(yun)(yun)糧河(he),名字一(yi)直沿用(yong)至今。運(yun)(yun)糧河(he),位于父城遺址東北。據傳(chuan),古代楚莊(zhuang)王曾動用(yong)民工開(kai)挖一(yi)條(tiao)南(nan)源(yuan)白雀寺、北連(lian)汝河(he)的人工運(yun)(yun)河(he),用(yong)以(yi)航(hang)運(yun)(yun)糧草,故名運(yun)(yun)糧河(he)。運(yun)(yun)糧河(he)主河(he)道由南(nan)向(xiang)北穿過(guo)外(wai)城,由內(nei)(nei)城東門引入內(nei)(nei)城后設碼(ma)頭;另一(yi)支(zhi)河(he)道從(cong)外(wai)城由北往南(nan)引入內(nei)(nei)城至南(nan)城墻(qiang),將內(nei)(nei)外(wai)城自(zi)然連(lian)接(jie),形成水路(lu)通道。
楚(chu)長城(cheng)(cheng),位于父(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址東南。屬春秋戰國時期長城(cheng)(cheng),南北走(zou)向,從小(xiao)擂鼓山向北經(jing)賀溝(gou)、尚王村,由閃莊村進入郟縣境內,長約8.5公(gong)里。記(ji)者觀看(kan)了其中一段保存較好的楚(chu)長城(cheng)(cheng),墻體(ti)沿地(di)表砌(qi)筑,其外側用紅石壘砌(qi),中間以碎石填(tian)充。
父城內(nei)城遺址(zhi)正南方(fang),有一條田(tian)間水泥路,白雀(que)寺就在路南。不寬的(de)道路兩旁擺滿(man)了商販攤(tan)位,走近(jin)一看,大多(duo)是賣(mai)香(xiang)火(huo)的(de)。寺內(nei)香(xiang)客熙(xi)熙(xi)攘(rang)攘(rang),看樣子這里的(de)香(xiang)火(huo)不錯。
白雀(que)寺因古寺中有異槐(huai),每遇豐年白雀(que)筑巢于其上而得名,是觀音(yin)妙善出家(jia)修行(xing)的地(di)方。
白(bai)雀(que)寺向東(dong)不(bu)遠(yuan)就(jiu)是三(san)姑(gu)(gu)墓(mu),位于運(yun)糧河畔。三(san)姑(gu)(gu)墓(mu)共有三(san)座,據傳(chuan)分別為(wei)莊王大女(nv)妙(miao)顏、次女(nv)妙(miao)音、小(xiao)女(nv)妙(miao)善之墓(mu)。另傳(chuan)當年妙(miao)善涅(nie)后(hou),此地(di)冒出三(san)座墓(mu),一座為(wei)真(zhen),兩座為(wei)假。
父城(cheng)遺(yi)址,2013年5月,被國(guo)務院核定公布為第七批全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)。
相傳(chuan)古代父(fu)城莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)有三(san)(san)個女(nv)兒,三(san)(san)女(nv)兒叫妙善(shan),因其出(chu)生于(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)室,故稱“皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)”,又(you)因其排行第三(san)(san),故又(you)被稱為“三(san)(san)皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)”。三(san)(san)皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)初(chu)生之時(shi)(shi),五彩祥云環列王(wang)(wang)(wang)宮上空。她幼年時(shi)(shi)不(bu)慕(mu)榮(rong)華(hua),偏喜修仙訪道(dao)。莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)沒(mei)有太子,只有妙善(shan)三(san)(san)個姐妹(mei),想讓三(san)(san)皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)招個駙馬,以繼承(cheng)大業(ye)。但三(san)(san)皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)決心出(chu)家修道(dao),不(bu)愿意成婚。莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)大怒,命三(san)(san)皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)在白(bai)雀(que)寺(si)苦勞悔(hui)改。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)叫白(bai)雀(que)寺(si),叫金光(guang)寺(si),是莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的寺(si)院(yuan)。三(san)(san)皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)一邊打水澆(jiao)花一邊修行,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)寺(si)內有一棵柏樹,三(san)(san)皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)到來后引來了(le)眾(zhong)多白(bai)頭鳥(niao),于(yu)是后人就將該寺(si)叫作(zuo)白(bai)雀(que)寺(si)。莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)見三(san)(san)皇(huang)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)沒(mei)有悔(hui)改之意,整天和僧(seng)尼們一起念經誦佛(fo),便下(xia)令火焚白(bai)雀(que)寺(si),燒死(si)了(le)500名僧(seng)尼。
三皇姑大(da)難(nan)不死(si)去了香(xiang)山(shan)(shan)繼(ji)續修行。后(hou)來(lai),莊(zhuang)王(wang)得了一種怪病(bing)叫(jiao)人(ren)面(mian)瘡,天下無人(ren)能醫,有高人(ren)指點說(shuo)香(xiang)山(shan)(shan)有仙人(ren),用其手眼(yan)做藥引,可(ke)以治好。莊(zhuang)王(wang)派人(ren)前(qian)(qian)往香(xiang)山(shan)(shan)求仙人(ren)施(shi)舍手眼(yan),三皇姑得知父親(qin)生病(bing),斷然獻出(chu)了自(zi)己(ji)的(de)手眼(yan)。病(bing)愈后(hou),莊(zhuang)王(wang)帶(dai)領(ling)家眷、宮人(ren)前(qian)(qian)往香(xiang)山(shan)(shan)拜謝仙人(ren)時,發現仙人(ren)竟是自(zi)己(ji)的(de)親(qin)生女(nv)兒。三皇姑的(de)大(da)孝之心感動天地,終于(yu)在香(xiang)山(shan)(shan)修成正果,成為世人(ren)皆知的(de)大(da)慈大(da)悲救苦救難(nan)觀(guan)世音菩薩。