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牡丹江邊墻
0 票數:0 #人文景觀建筑#
牡丹江邊墻,始建時間推測為唐朝,位于黑龍江省牡丹江市與海林縣東北部的交界處之間。東西兩端隨山體呈東西走向,中間跨溝越谷,為東南、西北走向,基本位置在東徑130°,北緯45°之間。2006年5月25日,牡丹江邊墻被中華人民共和國國務院公布為第六批全國重點文物保護單位。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 黑龍(long)江省(sheng)牡丹江市寧(ning)安市
  • 文物保護單位: 國家級第(di)六批(pi)(唐至金(jin))
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歷史沿革

高(gao)王(wang)大祚榮(rong)建立震(zhen)國至正式(shi)受唐朝(chao)冊封期間(698-713年(nian)),修筑鏡泊(bo)湖段邊墻(qiang)。

武(wu)王大武(wu)藝“北擊黑水”期間(726-732年(nian)),修(xiu)筑牡丹江段邊墻和江東段邊墻。

民國十三年(nian)(1924年(nian)),《寧(ning)安縣志》卷三·古跡·古城(cheng)(cheng)條(tiao)記載:“登此(ci)古城(cheng)(cheng)(城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)砬(la)子山城(cheng)(cheng))瞻望(wang)湖之南岸(an)(實(shi)為東岸(an)),有邊(bian)墻(qiang)一(yi)道,高(gao)約(yue)5尺(chi)余,直(zhi)達延(yan)吉(ji),不詳其里數,蓋遼金(jin)防戍之具重邊(bian)堡,如江省洮兒(er)河迤北(bei)現存之泰州堡即其例也。”

1964年(nian)春,黑龍江省博物館工作人員調查鏡泊湖段邊墻(qiang)。

1979年7月(yue),牡丹(dan)江市文物管(guan)理站發現牡丹(dan)江段(duan)邊墻。

1982年夏,黑龍江省(sheng)文物考古工作(zuo)隊(dui)復查了鏡泊湖段邊墻。

1984年4月,牡(mu)丹江市(shi)文物管理站完成了牡(mu)丹江段邊(bian)墻的全(quan)程調查。

1992年,牡(mu)丹江(jiang)市文物(wu)管(guan)理站(zhan)、寧安市文物(wu)管(guan)理所發(fa)現江(jiang)東段邊墻。

2007年,牡(mu)丹江市成立(li)長(chang)城資源(yuan)調查領(ling)導(dao)小組(zu),領(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)下設辦公室(shi),地點設在牡(mu)丹江市文物管理站。

2008-2010年,牡丹江(jiang)市(shi)文物管理站(zhan)完成(cheng)對牡丹江(jiang)市(shi)境內多段(duan)邊墻的田野調查(cha)。

注:牡(mu)丹江(jiang)邊墻修筑的(de)年(nian)代,推(tui)測其修筑年(nian)代“應與文王徙都上(shang)京的(de)時(shi)間大(da)致相當,至遲不晚于文王徙東京(琿春八連城(cheng)城(cheng)址(zhi))之后”。

遺址特點

結構

牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)邊(bian)(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang)位(wei)于(yu)黑龍江(jiang)省牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)市(shi)與海林縣東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部的交界處之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。東(dong)西兩(liang)端隨山體(ti)呈(cheng)東(dong)西走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang),中(zhong)間(jian)跨溝越谷(gu),為東(dong)南(nan)(nan)、西北(bei)(bei)走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang),基(ji)本位(wei)置在東(dong)徑130°,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)45°之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)邊(bian)(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang),由(you)三(san)段不連續的邊(bian)(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang)構(gou)成(cheng),分布(bu)于(yu)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)市(shi)愛民區(qu)和(he)寧(ning)安市(shi)境內的山地(di)中(zhong)。自北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)(nan)依(yi)次為牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)段邊(bian)(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)38.629千(qian)米(mi)、江(jiang)東(dong)段邊(bian)(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)22.394千(qian)米(mi)、鏡(jing)泊(bo)湖段邊(bian)(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)4.996千(qian)米(mi),三(san)段墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)整體(ti)皆呈(cheng)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)-西北(bei)(bei)走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang),全長(chang)66.019千(qian)米(mi)。牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)邊(bian)(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang)依(yi)據防御方向(xiang)(xiang)外觀構(gou)筑墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)的材質(zhi)確定墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)外觀,分土墻(qiang)(qiang)、石墻(qiang)(qiang)、山險墻(qiang)(qiang)、山險四(si)類墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)。

特點

牡丹江邊(bian)墻(qiang),三段(duan)(duan)(duan)邊(bian)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修筑(zhu)方(fang)式均(jun)為就地取材,在(zai)充分體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)順山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢、依地形、地貌特點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)形、外(wai)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)“舌”狀(zhuang)、外(wai)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)尖(jian)角狀(zhuang)、內凹(ao)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征頗具特點(dian)。整(zheng)段(duan)(duan)(duan)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)向外(wai)側凸(tu)(tu)(tu)出,具有防(fang)御功能(neng)。外(wai)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)形墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弧(hu)(hu)頂和外(wai)凸(tu)(tu)(tu)“舌”狀(zhuang)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弧(hu)(hu)頂外(wai)側、大(da)多數(shu)有取土(tu)平(ping)(ping)臺,平(ping)(ping)臺基本(ben)與弧(hu)(hu)頂形制一致;墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內側山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)高于墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)基本(ben)呈漫圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形或橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形,墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)此處沿著山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)外(wai)緣繞過,站在(zai)這些(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)上,墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)側山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢一覽無余,可(ke)起到崗樓或敵臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。內凹(ao)形墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)多數(shu)內壁砌石(shi),和有內壁砌石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)墻(qiang)段(duan)(duan)(duan)都(dou)出現(xian)(xian)比較平(ping)(ping)緩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷底或山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡上,這些(xie)地段(duan)(duan)(duan)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內壁砌石(shi)有護墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。鏡泊湖段(duan)(duan)(duan)邊(bian)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)面立面整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)呈橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)向外(wai)側凸(tu)(tu)(tu)出,頂部(bu)均(jun)有大(da)小(xiao)不(bu)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺面。

文物遺存

土墻

牡丹(dan)江邊墻(qiang)(qiang),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)在(zai)自然(ran)基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)就地取(qu)(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)堆(dui)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為黃褐山(shan)(shan)砂土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),部(bu)(bu)分墻(qiang)(qiang)段(duan)保存有(you)(you)取(qu)(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)跡象。墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)窄下(xia)寬(kuan),剖(pou)面呈梯形,斷(duan)面處(chu)未見夯層(ceng)。在(zai)連(lian)接(jie)兩側(ce)山(shan)(shan)峰的(de)(de)“U”形山(shan)(shan)口(kou)處(chu),山(shan)(shan)口(kou)底(di)部(bu)(bu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao),墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)坡向東西(xi)兩側(ce)山(shan)(shan)峰延伸,逐(zhu)漸變矮,直(zhi)(zhi)至消失。局部(bu)(bu)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)側(ce)有(you)(you)砌石(shi),具有(you)(you)阻水作用。根(gen)據墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)特征(zheng)可分為四(si)種(zhong)類型。在(zai)自然(ran)基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)堆(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang),不(bu)見遺跡現(xian)象。在(zai)自然(ran)基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)堆(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)側(ce)用石(shi)塊砌筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)壁,局部(bu)(bu)段(duan)落砌石(shi)時斷(duan)時續。在(zai)自然(ran)基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)堆(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外側(ce)底(di)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)時形成的(de)(de)緊(jin)(jin)臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并且(qie)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行呈“U”形的(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)溝(gou)。在(zai)自然(ran)基礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)堆(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外側(ce)底(di)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)時形成的(de)(de)緊(jin)(jin)臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并且(qie)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行的(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)。根(gen)據修筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)細節的(de)(de)不(bu)同有(you)(you)三(san)種(zhong)情況(kuang)。第一種(zhong)情況(kuang)是取(qu)(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)緊(jin)(jin)臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)并且(qie)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行。第二種(zhong)情況(kuang)是取(qu)(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)形狀與(yu)弧形墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外側(ce)底(di)部(bu)(bu)弧形一致,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)由弧頂逐(zhu)漸貼近(jin)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),最后(hou)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)合。第三(san)種(zhong)情況(kuang)是取(qu)(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)緊(jin)(jin)臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)并且(qie)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行,墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)側(ce)底(di)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)時形成的(de)(de)緊(jin)(jin)臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)溝(gou)。

石墻

牡丹江邊墻(qiang),石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)利用(yong)自(zi)(zi)然山(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為基(ji)(ji)礎,在其上(shang)直(zhi)接用(yong)大小不一(yi)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然毛石(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)較規整石(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)。局部(bu)在山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)豁口(kou)(kou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)低(di)洼(wa)處(chu)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji),在墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji)上(shang)再砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。基(ji)(ji)礎:根據修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)礎的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)材質分(fen)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型。在山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)石(shi)(shi)砬子豁口(kou)(kou)和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)低(di)洼(wa)處(chu),先用(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)礎,將豁口(kou)(kou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)低(di)洼(wa)處(chu)補平(ping),后(hou)(hou)在其上(shang)壘(lei)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)。在狹長(chang)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu),先用(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊壘(lei)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji),將山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)補平(ping),后(hou)(hou)在墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)外(wai)(wai)側(ce)部(bu)分(fen)向(xiang)上(shang)壘(lei)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)。墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)側(ce)與墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji)平(ping)齊(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)略(lve)(lve)縮(suo)回一(yi)點,可(ke)通行或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)站人瞭(liao)望和(he)(he)射擊。在緩慢上(shang)升的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)北坡(po)自(zi)(zi)然地面直(zhi)接取土(tu)(tu)堆(dui)筑(zhu)(zhu)土(tu)(tu)基(ji)(ji),在土(tu)(tu)基(ji)(ji)上(shang)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。特征:大部(bu)分(fen)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)毛石(shi)(shi)干插砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu),局部(bu)土(tu)(tu)石(shi)(shi)混筑(zhu)(zhu)。按結構特征分(fen)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型。使用(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊干插砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu),墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)不夾(jia)土(tu)(tu),分(fen)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)式(shi),第(di)(di)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)兩側(ce)墻(qiang)壁(bi)豎直(zhi),無收(shou)分(fen);第(di)(di)二種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)兩側(ce)墻(qiang)壁(bi)略(lve)(lve)有(you)收(shou)分(fen),約為4°。用(yong)較大自(zi)(zi)然石(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti),兩側(ce)墻(qiang)壁(bi)略(lve)(lve)有(you)收(shou)分(fen),約為4°,采(cai)用(yong)山(shan)(shan)砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)墊層。土(tu)(tu)石(shi)(shi)混筑(zhu)(zhu)。護坡(po)式(shi)石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang),采(cai)用(yong)較規則的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然石(shi)(shi)塊在山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)外(wai)(wai)側(ce)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu),僅能看到石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)及外(wai)(wai)壁(bi),石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)中(zhong)不夾(jia)泥土(tu)(tu)。特殊結構墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti):石(shi)(shi)臺(tai):第(di)(di)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)側(ce)人工用(yong)自(zi)(zi)然石(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)平(ping)臺(tai)。第(di)(di)二種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是與墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)平(ping)齊(qi)。第(di)(di)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)臺(tai)低(di)于(yu)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。“L”形(xing)墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti):墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)兩處(chu)凹槽,開(kai)口(kou)(kou)朝(chao)向(xiang)內(nei)側(ce)。瞭(liao)望孔(kong):內(nei)口(kou)(kou)大,外(wai)(wai)口(kou)(kou)小,內(nei)口(kou)(kou)寬。

山險墻

牡(mu)丹江(jiang)邊(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)險墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)利用(yong)自然山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎,山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)頂部(bu)人為(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)或在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)削(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。根(gen)據(ju)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)結構形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩種(zhong)類型(xing)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)頂部(bu)人工略(lve)(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)順(shun)(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊高(gao)出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)頂部(bu)人工略(lve)(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)壁(bi)削(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。順(shun)(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊頂部(bu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡和山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊拐角(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)。根(gen)據(ju)削(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)方(fang)(fang)法可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式。第(di)一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式:墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡、山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊拐角(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)削(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),底(di)(di)部(bu)鏟(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基本一(yi)致,弧(hu)(hu)頂處寬(kuan),兩側(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)窄,平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)由(you)弧(hu)(hu)頂逐漸貼近墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),最后與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重合。第(di)二種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式:在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡削(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)段落呈(cheng)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)人工略(lve)(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)底(di)(di)部(bu)鏟(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基本一(yi)致,弧(hu)(hu)頂處寬(kuan),兩側(ce)(ce)略(lve)(lve)(lve)窄,內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊高(gao)出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。第(di)三種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式:在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡削(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),頂部(bu)人工略(lve)(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)(ce)底(di)(di)部(bu)無平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai),與(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡略(lve)(lve)(lve)有(you)角(jiao)度。4.功能(neng)(neng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti):為(wei)(wei)(wei)增強防御功能(neng)(neng),依地勢(shi)(shi)在(zai)局部(bu)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)類似馬(ma)面的(de)功能(neng)(neng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),主要有(you)四種(zhong)類型(xing)。圓(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti):墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順(shun)(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),遇渾圓(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)坡筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),將山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)包裹起(qi)來形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)圓(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。舌(she)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti):墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順(shun)(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)坡修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)舌(she)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。尖角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順(shun)(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)緣修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)尖角(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊一(yi)般(ban)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。內(nei)(nei)凹形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順(shun)(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)凹向內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)的(de)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。

單體建筑

牡丹江邊墻,在(zai)鏡泊湖段邊墻外(wai)側(ce)修筑(zhu)(zhu)有38座典(dian)型馬(ma)面,是以自然原(yuan)生地面為基礎,在(zai)墻體外(wai)側(ce)順(shun)山勢人工堆土(tu)修筑(zhu)(zhu)。馬(ma)面平面略呈長方(fang)形,底部(bu)寬(kuan)大,至(zhi)頂端逐漸內收(shou)呈圓弧形,并依附墻體向(xiang)外(wai)突出。馬(ma)面頂部(bu)臺(tai)面覆壓在(zai)墻體之上,略呈橢(tuo)圓形,高于墻體。

研究價值

牡丹江(jiang)邊墻(qiang)對(dui)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)渤海國的(de)(de)穩定、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和開疆擴(kuo)土起(qi)到了(le)至(zhi)關(guan)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)作用。三段邊墻(qiang)的(de)(de)存在對(dui)研究(jiu)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)東(dong)(dong)北地方(fang)政權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)軍事防御構成、特(te)點、形制(zhi)、工事、體系(xi)等方(fang)面,提供了(le)寶貴(gui)的(de)(de)實(shi)物(wu)資(zi)料(liao);也為研究(jiu)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)東(dong)(dong)北少數(shu)民族(zu)地方(fang)政權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)戰爭、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、民族(zu)融(rong)合、政權(quan)(quan)演變(bian)乃至(zhi)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)東(dong)(dong)北少數(shu)民族(zu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)變(bian)化的(de)(de)歷史,提供了(le)珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)實(shi)物(wu)資(zi)料(liao)。牡丹江(jiang)邊墻(qiang)的(de)(de)存在和發(fa)(fa)(fa)現,為研究(jiu)中國唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)東(dong)(dong)北邊疆少數(shu)民族(zu)考古工作提供了(le)不(bu)可多得的(de)(de)實(shi)物(wu)證據。

保護措施

1981年,城墻砬子山(shan)城被公布為(wei)黑龍江省文物(wu)保護單位。

2005年,重唇河山(shan)城(cheng)被公(gong)布為黑龍江省(sheng)文物保護單位(wei)。

2006年5月25日(ri),“牡丹江邊(bian)墻”被中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和國(guo)國(guo)務院公布(bu)為第六批(pi)全(quan)國(guo)重點(dian)文物保護單位。

歷史文化

691年(nian)-692年(nian),駐守營(ying)州(zhou)的(de)唐軍在(zai)唐將李(li)多祚(zuo)的(de)帶領(ling)下(xia)(xia)擊(ji)敗黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)鞨部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟(meng)(meng),迫使(shi)(shi)黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)鞨勢力回到(dao)三江平原故地。但隨后的(de)營(ying)州(zhou)之亂,鎮(zhen)守此地的(de)唐將李(li)多祚(zuo)被調回鎮(zhen)壓(ya)營(ying)州(zhou),使(shi)(shi)此地唐軍極為(wei)空虛,黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)鞨部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟(meng)(meng)重新南(nan)下(xia)(xia)進行(xing)擴張(zhang),到(dao)大祚(zuo)榮建立震國(guo)時(shi),黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)鞨部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟(meng)(meng)勢力即(ji)使(shi)(shi)沒有(you)擴張(zhang)到(dao)牡丹(dan)江中下(xia)(xia)游地區,這一(yi)地帶有(you)可(ke)能就是此時(shi)震國(guo)北國(guo)界和黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)鞨部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟(meng)(meng)勢力范圍之間(jian)的(de)緩沖地帶。大祚(zuo)榮為(wei)解決黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)鞨部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟(meng)(meng)南(nan)下(xia)(xia)擴張(zhang)帶來的(de)壓(ya)力與威(wei)脅,首選(xuan)就是在(zai)其北部(bu)(bu)(bu)國(guo)界線上修筑(zhu)防御工事,鏡泊湖段(duan)邊墻應在(zai)此時(shi)修筑(zhu)。正因為(wei)北方(fang)國(guo)境線上有(you)軍事防御線,致使(shi)(shi)初期震國(guo)渡(du)過了危機,大祚(zuo)榮可(ke)以潛下(xia)(xia)心來發展國(guo)力,短(duan)(duan)短(duan)(duan)幾(ji)年(nian)使(shi)(shi)自己“編戶(hu)十(shi)余萬(wan),勝兵數萬(wan)人”。

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