唐(tang)代中(zhong)葉,蘇密(mi)城(cheng)為唐(tang)地方(fang)政權(quan)渤海國五京(jing)十五府之長嶺府治所、渤海通往中(zhong)原王朝營州道上(shang)的重鎮。
民國二(er)十五(wu)年(nian)(1936年(nian)),日(ri)本人鳥(niao)山喜(xi)一、藤田亮(liang)策、巖間茂次郎(lang)等(deng)人對(dui)蘇(su)密城進(jin)行了非法盜(dao)掘。
2013年,吉林省文(wen)物考(kao)古研究所對蘇密城進行了主(zhu)動性考(kao)古發掘(jue)。
2014年6月-11月,吉林省文物考古研究(jiu)所對(dui)蘇(su)密城再(zai)次(ci)進行了考古發掘。
蘇密城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)由蘇密城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)組成,內(nei)外(wai)兩城(cheng)(cheng)重壕,城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)四周依山傍水,為輝發河沖(chong)擊(ji)盆地。
內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),坐落在外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中央(yang),成“回”字形,基本為(wei)正(zheng)方形,四角高出城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),呈四角樓(lou)遺跡(ji),東西(xi)兩門,位于(yu)東墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)中段內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四周(zhou)(zhou),有較明顯的護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕遺跡(ji),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)土筑(zhu)夯(hang)實,夯(hang)層厚10-15厘米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)高2.6米(mi)(mi),頂寬0.6米(mi)(mi),基寬7米(mi)(mi)左右,東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)337米(mi)(mi),南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)334米(mi)(mi),西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)369米(mi)(mi),北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)341米(mi)(mi),周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)(chang)1381米(mi)(mi);
外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),大致(zhi)為(wei)(wei)長方(fang)形(xing),東(dong)(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長697米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長535米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長747米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長611米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周長2590米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)殘高3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)-4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂寬0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)-1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),底寬13米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),四(si)角有(you)角樓,存東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)和(he)西(xi)南(nan)角樓遺跡,高出(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)約1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)角樓向東(dong)(dong)(dong)突出(chu)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)三(san)面(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)保存較好,外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四(si)門皆位于各墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)中段(duan),并筑有(you)方(fang)形(xing)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門和(he)北(bei)(bei)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門已(yi)遭破(po)壞,西(xi)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)南(nan)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保存較好,突出(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),開口(kou)向左(zuo)。 內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)門南(nan)部城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基可以看到河卵石(shi),可以看到一層(ceng)層(ceng)夯層(ceng)窩(wo)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基是先敷石(shi)塊和(he)河卵石(shi),然后每隔10-20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)一個壘垛夯層(ceng)直(zhi)至(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頂。西(xi)面(mian)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕寬13米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)。
2014年,吉(ji)林省文(wen)物考古研究(jiu)所在(zai)蘇密(mi)城外城南部(bu)發掘(jue)25個灰坑(keng)遺(yi)跡和1處(chu)渤海國時(shi)期建(jian)筑(zhu),以(yi)黃黏土(tu)和黑黃花土(tu)夯筑(zhu),臺(tai)基南北約(yue)(yue)35米(mi)(mi),東西寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)28米(mi)(mi),整個夯土(tu)臺(tai)基規模約(yue)(yue)為邊長35米(mi)(mi)的正(zheng)方(fang)形,磉(sang)(sang)堆直(zhi)徑1-1.5米(mi)(mi),同排磉(sang)(sang)堆中(zhong)心(xin)間(jian)距(ju)約(yue)(yue)3.3米(mi)(mi),排間(jian)距(ju)近4.5米(mi)(mi),存磉(sang)(sang)堆8個,磉(sang)(sang)堆北側有長約(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)夯土(tu)臺(tai)基,臺(tai)基東側出(chu)土(tu)大(da)量渤海國時(shi)期建(jian)筑(zhu)灰陶(tao)瓦(wa)、瓦(wa)當、獸頭、鴟(chi)尾等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)構件,10余塊(kuai)礎石(shi),300余件陶(tao)塑佛像殘(can)塊(kuai)。
蘇密城(cheng)不但是研(yan)(yan)究渤(bo)海(hai)文明、渤(bo)海(hai)城(cheng)市發展軌跡的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)線索和實證,同時也是渤(bo)海(hai)國(guo)與唐(tang)朝在(zai)政治、經濟、文化等(deng)諸方(fang)面相互交(jiao)流的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)歷史見證。尤其對渤(bo)海(hai)國(guo)的(de)(de)城(cheng)市發展史、建筑(zhu)史等(deng)領域(yu)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究,具有(you)特殊的(de)(de)學術(shu)研(yan)(yan)究價值(zhi)。蘇密城(cheng)是渤(bo)海(hai)國(guo)與唐(tang)王朝之間陸路(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)樞紐,被稱為渤(bo)海(hai)去(qu)唐(tang)、唐(tang)往渤(bo)海(hai)的(de)(de)陸上東(dong)方(fang)絲綢之路(lu),具有(you)很高的(de)(de)歷史、文化、科學研(yan)(yan)究價值(zhi)。
1961年4月(yue)13日,蘇密城(cheng)被吉(ji)林省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府公(gong)布為省(sheng)級重點文物保護(hu)單位。
2006年5月(yue)25日,蘇(su)密城被中華人民共和國國務院公布(bu)為第六(liu)批全(quan)國重(zhong)點文物保護單位。
2007年6月,吉(ji)林省(sheng)人民(min)政(zheng)府設(she)立保護(hu)范圍:為蘇密城城址本(ben)體以外城墻基以外10米;建設(she)控制(zhi)地帶:為保護(hu)范圍以外100米。
唐(tang)玄宗開(kai)元元年(713年),粟末首級大祚榮受(shou)唐(tang)冊封(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)左驍衛大將軍、忽汗州(zhou)都督(du)、渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)郡(jun)王(wang),后人專稱其為(wei)(wei)(wei)渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai),“渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)國(guo)”名稱由此而來。其子孫因襲(xi)唐(tang)朝典制,傳至十一世(shi)大仁秀(xiu)、十二世(shi)大彝尊(zun)(835年)在(zai)轄境(jing)(jing)內完(wan)成五(wu)京十五(wu)府(fu)六十二州(zhou)一百余縣的(de)(de)建置,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)遼東盛國(guo)。輝(hui)發河故(gu)道南岸的(de)(de)蘇(su)密甸子(粟末的(de)(de)音轉)系(xi)沖積盆地(di),平坦開(kai)闊,近(jin)山傍水,“為(wei)(wei)(wei)水陸之(zhi)要沖”,境(jing)(jing)東有綿亙四十余里的(de)(de)張(zhang)廣才嶺為(wei)(wei)(wei)屏障(zhang),渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)國(guo)在(zai)此設長(chang)嶺府(fu)治,領瑕、河二州(zhou),建有具(ju)備府(fu)治規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)蘇(su)密城(即那丹(dan)佛勒(le)城),是(shi)當時營州(zhou)道上的(de)(de)重鎮。樺甸即渤(bo)(bo)海(hai)(hai)王(wang)朝長(chang)嶺府(fu)屬地(di)。