高(gao)句(ju)麗墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬。1966年(nian)實測時有(you)(you)古(gu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬11 300座,大(da)多為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)東北古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)高(gao)句(ju)麗民(min)族于公元3~7世紀留下(xia)的(de)(de)遺存。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)現(xian)劃分(fen)7個墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),自東而(er)西為(wei)長川墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、下(xia)解(jie)放墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、禹山墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、山城下(xia)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬寶汀墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、七星山墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、麻(ma)線墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬大(da)體可分(fen)為(wei)石(shi)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)土(tu)(tu)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)兩(liang)大(da)類。相對(dui)而(er)言,石(shi)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)較早,是高(gao)句(ju)麗人(ren)固(gu)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)埋(mai)葬方(fang)式;土(tu)(tu)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)稍晚,既有(you)(you)高(gao)句(ju)麗人(ren)接(jie)受漢文化(hua)影(ying)響后(hou)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de),也有(you)(you)在高(gao)句(ju)麗居住的(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)民(min)族的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬。石(shi)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)可分(fen)為(wei)積(ji)石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、方(fang)壇(tan)(tan)積(ji)石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、階壇(tan)(tan)積(ji)石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)階壇(tan)(tan)石(shi)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu);土(tu)(tu)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)可分(fen)為(wei)封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)石(shi)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、方(fang)壇(tan)(tan)封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)石(shi)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)洞(dong)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬分(fen)布(bu)密集,排列成(cheng)行,其(qi)中(zhong)不乏營造宏(hong)大(da)的(de)(de)王(wang)陵。重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)將軍墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、太王(wang)陵、千秋(qiu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)中(zhong)還(huan)發現(xian)30余座內容豐(feng)富、色彩絢麗的(de)(de)壁(bi)畫墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)舞俑墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、三室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、冉(ran)牟墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、長川1號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、五盔墳(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)4、5號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等。高(gao)句(ju)麗采石(shi)場是高(gao)句(ju)麗大(da)型建筑石(shi)材的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)來源地。洞(dong)溝古(gu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)分(fen)布(bu)廣大(da),內涵豐(feng)富,堪稱高(gao)句(ju)麗歷史文化(hua)遺產的(de)(de)寶庫(ku),對(dui)于研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)華民(min)族發展史,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)東北疆(jiang)域史和(he)東北亞文明史具有(you)(you)極為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)價(jia)值。中(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)以來,已發掘(jue)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬l000余座,出(chu)土(tu)(tu)文物(wu)數千件,其(qi)中(zhong)許多重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬曾(ceng)經維修,還(huan)為(wei)著名的(de)(de)好太王(wang)碑(bei)新(xin)修建了碑(bei)亭。1961年(nian),被國(guo)(guo)務院公布(bu)為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。
集(ji)安洞溝古(gu)(gu)墓群(qun)位于吉林集(ji)安縣境內(nei),因有(you)老嶺山(shan)脈自東(dong)北向西(xi)南貫穿全境,且河流(liu)縱(zong)橫,景色宜(yi)人,素有(you)東(dong)北"小江(jiang)南"之(zhi)稱。同時,這(zhe)里也是吉林省重點保護的名勝古(gu)(gu)跡。洞溝古(gu)(gu)墓群(qun)分(fen)布在群(qun)山(shan)環繞的洞溝平原區(qu),這(zhe)里有(you)高句麗國建國700多(duo)(duo)年間遺留下來的墓葬達1萬余座,僅現存較為完好的就(jiu)有(you)7160座之(zhi)多(duo)(duo)。這(zhe)些古(gu)(gu)墓群(qun)分(fen)布的范圍極廣,綿延幾(ji)十里,加之(zhi)墓類繁(fan)多(duo)(duo),內(nei)涵博大精深(shen),不愧是中國少(shao)數民族地區(qu)古(gu)(gu)墓群(qun)之(zhi)冠。
洞溝古(gu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)可(ke)分為石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)與土墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)兩(liang)類。石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)有積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、方(fang)壇(tan)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、方(fang)壇(tan)階(jie)梯(ti)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、方(fang)壇(tan)階(jie)梯(ti)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。其中(zhong),積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)現今保存(cun)下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有1700余(yu)座(zuo),約占整(zheng)個(ge)古(gu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四分之一(yi)。在整(zheng)個(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)中(zhong)為雄偉壯觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便是(shi)(shi)公元4世(shi)紀中(zhong)葉高(gao)句麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)以(yi)及顯(xian)臣之墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),它(ta)們均(jun)是(shi)(shi)方(fang)壇(tan)階(jie)梯(ti)積(ji)(ji)(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),現存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有400座(zuo)。它(ta)邊長85米,現高(gao)15米,占地約10畝(mu),石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)雖已坍塌,但仍(reng)可(ke)見許多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字磚殘段,如(ru)(ru)"千秋萬歲永固"等,此墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為高(gao)句麗(li)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)。此外(wai)(wai),將軍(jun)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)古(gu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)中(zhong)保存(cun)為完好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)壇(tan)階(jie)梯(ti)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),亦是(shi)(shi)構筑(zhu)嚴謹(jin)精良,被(bei)世(shi)人譽為"東(dong)方(fang)金字塔"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)代高(gao)句麗(li)石(shi)(shi)(shi)造建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典范。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底面積(ji)(ji)(ji)有960平方(fang)米,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)高(gao)12米半,由1100多(duo)塊巨型(xing)花崗巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)條堆(dui)壘砌(qi)筑(zhu)而(er)成(cheng)。其中(zhong),僅(jin)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)護墳石(shi)(shi)(shi)就有15噸重,經專家測定(ding),這(zhe)些石(shi)(shi)(shi)材均(jun)采自于40里(li)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)嶺山綠水(shui)橋(qiao)。如(ru)(ru)此繁重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料運輸在古(gu)代是(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)何完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),至今仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)個(ge)謎團。
公元5世紀后,建筑(zhu)龐大,耗財傷(shang)民的(de)(de)石筑(zhu)墓(mu)室逐漸被構筑(zhu)精巧的(de)(de)土墓(mu)所替代。高句(ju)麗(li)民族素(su)有(you)(you)厚葬的(de)(de)習俗,因此(ci)這些(xie)古(gu)墓(mu)群中(zhong)均藏有(you)(you)大量的(de)(de)古(gu)代文物。現已(yi)挖掘出(chu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)葬藏文物就有(you)(you)數千件。此(ci)外,除了(le)洞溝古(gu)墓(mu)群外,高句(ju)麗(li)國骸(hai)遺留下來許多(duo)的(de)(de)文化遺跡,較(jiao)為有(you)(you)名的(de)(de)如:關馬(ma)山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)、丸(wan)都山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)、霸王朝山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)等,俱是(shi)研究歷(li)史文化的(de)(de)寶庫。
1961年國(guo)務院公布(bu)洞(dong)溝古墓群(qun)為全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保護單位。
據1966年統(tong)計,古墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)總數為(wei) 11300座,今存7160座。按照構筑(zhu)用材和(he)形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同,大(da)體可分作石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)土(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)兩(liang)類。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)年代較(jiao)早,包括有(you):①純以石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)堆積,僅在(zai)(zai)上(shang)部作有(you)小壙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),約出(chu)現(xian)于高句麗(li)建(jian)國(guo)之(zhi)前(qian),沿用時(shi)間(jian)較(jiao)長(chang);②在(zai)(zai)積石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)四(si)周以大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)或石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)條壘砌方壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)積石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),這種墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是緊接(jie)著積石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),沿襲(xi)時(shi)間(jian)也相(xiang)當(dang)長(chang);③把方壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)積石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筑(zhu)成2~5級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)積石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),約出(chu)現(xian)于3~4世紀(ji)(ji);④在(zai)(zai)階(jie)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)積石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)基礎上(shang),改石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壙為(wei)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)積石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),這種墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一般相(xiang)當(dang)宏偉,四(si)周有(you)倚(yi)護加固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)護墳(fen)(fen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),修砌工整(zheng),施工精細,但(dan)數量并不(bu)(bu)多(duo),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墳(fen)(fen)壟上(shang)還(huan)發現(xian)有(you)瓦礫、瓦當(dang)和(he)銘文磚,應(ying)屬 4世紀(ji)(ji)中葉(xie)至(zhi)(zhi) 5世紀(ji)(ji)初王公貴胄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陵寢,其中馳名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)故國(guo)壤王陵“千秋墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”、“太王陵”和(he)長(chang)壽(shou)王陵“將(jiang)軍墳(fen)(fen)”等;⑤有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)室規模不(bu)(bu)大(da),四(si)周不(bu)(bu)可能砌出(chu)階(jie)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)形狀,亦無護墳(fen)(fen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)封(feng)(feng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)洞室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。近(jin)年來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)成果表明,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬多(duo)在(zai)(zai)山麓,是高句麗(li)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)演(yan)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)契(qi)機,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)進(jin)過程大(da)抵反映著高句麗(li)人(ren)為(wei)防(fang)止古墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材滑坡(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)懈努力過程和(he)建(jian)筑(zhu)學(xue)知識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)積累過程。土(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)年代較(jiao)晚(wan),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室以石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材砌筑(zhu),外封(feng)(feng)黃土(tu)(tu),大(da)致出(chu)現(xian)于 4世紀(ji)(ji),至(zhi)(zhi) 5世紀(ji)(ji)以后成為(wei)高句麗(li)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主流(liu)。土(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)有(you)封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)洞室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)兩(liang)種。封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo)有(you)截尖方錐形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐隆封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)和(he)筑(zhu)有(you)藻井的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寬敞墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室,個別封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)基部還(huan)有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)或階(jie)壇(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan);封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)洞室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)構筑(zhu)簡單,設有(you)藻井,年代稍晚(wan),可晚(wan)至(zhi)(zhi)渤海(hai)時(shi)期(qi)。
相差懸殊,太王陵(ling)、千秋墓(mu)(mu)、臨江墓(mu)(mu)、西大墓(mu)(mu)等石墓(mu)(mu)周(zhou)(zhou)長均(jun)在 200米以(yi)上(shang);土墓(mu)(mu)一般稍(shao)小(xiao),但個別如(ru)五盔墳2號墓(mu)(mu),周(zhou)(zhou)長也可達200米。不(bu)同(tong)形制,不(bu)同(tong)規模的墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang),分別反映著不(bu)同(tong)時期、不(bu)同(tong)階層的墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)特點。
已(yi)發現(xian)的壁畫(hua)古墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)近(jin)20座,其(qi)中重要(yao)的有角觝墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、舞(wu)踴墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、馬槽墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、麻線(xian)溝 1號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、三(san)室墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、萬寶汀1368號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、禹山下(xia)41號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、山城下(xia) 332號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、環紋墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、四神墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、五(wu)盔墳(fen)4號(hao)和 5號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng) 洞溝古墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群
,多屬封(feng)土石(shi)室墓(mu)(mu)。階壇石(shi)室墓(mu)(mu)僅在(zai)禹山下(xia)1041號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)壁(bi)畫(hua),在(zai)折天(tian)(tian)井墓(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)室中(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)過壁(bi)畫(hua)殘跡(ji)。4~5世紀(ji)的(de)前期壁(bi)畫(hua)均(jun)繪(hui)(hui)于(yu)墓(mu)(mu)室的(de)石(shi)灰(hui)壁(bi)上(shang),主要描繪(hui)(hui)高句(ju)麗社會(hui)風(feng)俗和貴族生活,有飲宴、狩獵、出行、戰爭、歌舞、角觝(di)、百戲等(deng)場景(jing)。藻井上(shang)或(huo)繪(hui)(hui)伎(ji)樂(le)天(tian)(tian)人和星象,或(huo)繪(hui)(hui)云草、蓮花等(deng)圖案,風(feng)格(ge)淳樸。6世紀(ji)以(yi)后的(de)壁(bi)畫(hua)則以(yi)青(qing)龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武(wu)四(si)神為主題,以(yi)凝重流暢的(de)線條、濃艷絢麗的(de)色彩(cai)直接繪(hui)(hui)于(yu)修琢平整的(de)石(shi)壁(bi)上(shang),藻井部分則繪(hui)(hui)神話人物、伎(ji)樂(le)天(tian)(tian)人和日月(yue)星象,個別壁(bi)畫(hua)還用鎏金(jin)銅飾和綠(lv)松石(shi)點(dian)綴,表現(xian)了(le)富麗豪(hao)華、金(jin)碧輝映的(de)藝(yi)術(shu)追求(qiu)。
墓群(qun)中(zhong)的冉牟(mou)(mou)墓保(bao)存有(you)一篇墨書題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji),正文(wen)79行(xing)(xing),每(mei)行(xing)(xing)10字(zi),縱橫間以界格,另有(you)題(ti)(ti)首2行(xing)(xing),全文(wen)約800多字(zi),惜已嚴重(zhong)漫(man)漶,可辨識者約 350余字(zi)。題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)從左(zuo)至(zhi)(zhi)右豎行(xing)(xing)隸書,有(you)魏(wei)晉(jin)南北朝寫經書法風格,工整(zheng)流暢。根據題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)可知墓主(zhu)人冉牟(mou)(mou),先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)追(zhui)隨高句麗(li)始祖(zu)鄒(zou)牟(mou)(mou),官至(zhi)(zhi)大兄。題(ti)(ti)記(ji)(ji)是受(shou)冉牟(mou)(mou)先(xian)(xian)世(shi)官恩的奴客(ke)牟(mou)(mou)頭婁為主(zhu)人撰寫的,記(ji)(ji)述了高句麗(li)建國神話牟(mou)(mou)頭婁受(shou)派遣去(qu)北夫余供職(zhi)等事,涉(she)及(ji)高句麗(li)職(zhi)官制度、人身隸屬關(guan)系、社(she)會階層等級等情形,具有(you)重(zhong)要研究價(jia)值。
盡管(guan)幾乎所有(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)墓(mu)都曾遭盜掘(jue)(jue),多年來(lai)(lai)的(de)清理發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)工作仍然為(wei)了解高句(ju)麗(li)葬(zang)俗(su)積(ji)累了豐富的(de)資(zi)料。高句(ju)麗(li)前期的(de)積(ji)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)、方壇(tan)(tan)積(ji)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)和(he)階(jie)壇(tan)(tan)積(ji)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)的(de)石(shi)(shi)壙,經常發(fa)現(xian)燒(shao)熔的(de)石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)和(he)燒(shao)骨,說明在(zai)這個(ge)階(jie)段火葬(zang)相當盛行;這些墓(mu)葬(zang)往往自山(shan)坡至山(shan)麓排列有(you)(you)序,有(you)(you)的(de)墓(mu)葬(zang)后壁即利用上(shang)坡先(xian)期墓(mu)葬(zang)的(de)前壁,一(yi)座連一(yi)座成(cheng)串地進行埋(mai)葬(zang),這種現(xian)象反映了高句(ju)麗(li)前期的(de)族葬(zang)制度;另(ling)外,大型(xing)階(jie)壇(tan)(tan)石(shi)(shi)室(shi)墓(mu)和(he)封(feng)土石(shi)(shi)室(shi)墓(mu)北側,往往有(you)(you)4~5座東西(xi)排列規模稍小(xiao)的(de)陪墳,似乎意味著高句(ju)麗(li)王族有(you)(you)陪葬(zang)的(de)風習。多年來(lai)(lai),洞溝墓(mu)群(qun)中發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)、征集(ji)采集(ji)的(de)文物(wu)達數千件,包括有(you)(you)金、銀(yin)、銅、鐵、鉛、鎏金、陶、釉(you)陶、瓷、玉、石(shi)(shi)、漆、木、絲、麻等各種質料制成(cheng)的(de)生產工具(ju)(ju)、生活用具(ju)(ju)、武器(qi)、馬具(ju)(ju)和(he)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)品等,為(wei)研究高句(ju)麗(li)考古(gu)(gu)提供了大量(liang)實物(wu)資(zi)料。
洞(dong)溝古墓(mu)群在東北亞歷史上占有重(zhong)要地位。中華人民共和(he)國(guo)建(jian)立后,受到政府(fu)高(gao)度重(zhong)視,1958年成立了專門文物(wu)保(bao)護機構(gou)。1965年對墓(mu)群進(jin)行全面(mian)著錄和(he)測繪(hui),樹(shu)立標(biao)志,在重(zhong)點(dian)墓(mu)葬(zang)周圍(wei)加修圍(wei)墻或(huo)圍(wei)欄,并對壁畫作(zuo)了化(hua)學封護。
公元5世紀后,建筑(zhu)龐大,耗財傷民的(de)石筑(zhu)墓室逐(zhu)漸被構筑(zhu)精巧的(de)土墓所替代。高句麗民族素有(you)厚葬(zang)的(de)習俗,因此(ci)這(zhe)些古(gu)墓群中均藏有(you)大量(liang)的(de)古(gu)代文(wen)物。現已(yi)挖掘(jue)出的(de)有(you)價值的(de)葬(zang)藏文(wen)物就有(you)數千件。此(ci)外,除(chu)了洞(dong)溝古(gu)墓群外,高句麗國骸遺(yi)留(liu)下來許多的(de)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)跡(ji),較(jiao)為有(you)名(ming)的(de)如:關馬(ma)山城、丸都山城、霸王朝山城等,俱是研究歷史文(wen)化(hua)的(de)寶庫。