簡介
輝(hui)(hui)發河(he)上(shang)游(you)石棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)位(wei)于(yu)輝(hui)(hui)發河(he)上(shang)游(you)的梅(mei)河(he)口(kou)市、柳(liu)河(he)縣境內。輝(hui)(hui)發河(he)是第二松花(hua)江流域(yu)(yu)中上(shang)游(you)的主要支流之一(yi),其主要流經吉林省南部(bu)和(he)遼寧省東(dong)部(bu)。在輝(hui)(hui)發河(he)上(shang)游(you)的兩條主要支流——一(yi)統(tong)河(he)、三(san)統(tong)河(he)流域(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)眾多(duo)的石棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang),現行(xing)政(zheng)歸屬分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)屬于(yu)通化地(di)區(qu)的梅(mei)河(he)口(kou)市和(he)柳(liu)河(he)縣。據1983年以來文物普(pu)查結(jie)果,目前,這(zhe)一(yi)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)共集中發現石棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)80余(yu)座(zuo)。這(zhe)些墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)大多(duo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)于(yu)哈(ha)達(da)嶺山脈,海拔500—600米高(gao)的山崗頂部(bu)或山脊上(shang),其范圍東(dong)起新開嶺堿水北(bei)(bei)溝(gou),西至雞(ji)冠砬子。輝(hui)(hui)發河(he)上(shang)游(you)的石棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)群是我國乃(nai)至東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞地(di)區(qu)此類墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)最(zui)為(wei)密集的區(qu)域(yu)(yu)之一(yi)。同時(shi),也是東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞地(di)區(qu)石棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的最(zui)北(bei)(bei)界線,對研究東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞地(di)區(qu)這(zhe)一(yi)具有廣泛分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)具有極(ji)為(wei)重(zhong)要的意(yi)義,也是反映東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞民族關系與文化相融最(zui)佳例證之一(yi)。
特點
在吉林省的(de)(de)(de)(de)輝發河上游地(di)區(qu),目前已(yi)發現(xian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)80余座(zuo)。這些(xie)(xie)墓(mu)葬大(da)(da)多(duo)分(fen)布(bu)于哈(ha)達嶺山(shan)脈海拔(ba)500至600米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)崗頂部(bu)(bu)或(huo)山(shan)脊上。構筑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材多(duo)為砂礫巖(yan)(yan)、泥質員(yuan)巖(yan)(yan)、片(pian)麻巖(yan)(yan),并被加(jia)工成(cheng)較規整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長方(fang)形或(huo)方(fang)形石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)。墓(mu)葬多(duo)呈長方(fang)形,以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)半埋半裸(luo)立(li)砌,圍成(cheng)墓(mu)室四壙。兩(liang)(liang)側壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)塊長石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban),有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)為兩(liang)(liang)塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)相接,個別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)還有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。上面(mian)(mian)用(yong)大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)封頂,四周(zhou)露(lu)出寬大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)棚檐,下面(mian)(mian)鋪有(you)(you)(you)底石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。為了使(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)更(geng)堅固,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)側壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下部(bu)(bu)或(huo)一(yi)(yi)端鑿(zao)有(you)(you)(you)對稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹(ao)槽,以(yi)便(bian)嵌入底石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)端石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),個別(bie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)周(zhou)圍砌有(you)(you)(you)護坡(po)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)門前兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)還立(li)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)成(cheng)為通(tong)道,整(zheng)座(zuo)墓(mu)葬形體結構顯得更(geng)加(jia)嚴(yan)謹(jin)、穩定。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)差異,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)砌石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)于地(di)面(mian)(mian)1至1.3米(mi)(mi),最高(gao)可達2米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右。部(bu)(bu)分(fen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)內發現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)人骨,有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)經火(huo)焚燒。隨葬物有(you)(you)(you)陶(tao)罐、陶(tao)紡輪(lun)等陶(tao)器。
這(zhe)些石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓大多(duo)在(zai)梅河口(kou)市和柳河縣境(jing)內,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)大部分在(zai)柳河縣。除一(yi)部分單獨(du)聳立(li)在(zai)山頂外,其(qi)(qi)余多(duo)數集(ji)中(zhong)分布在(zai)山脊(ji)上,有些墓地往(wang)往(wang)是石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓與大蓋(gai)石(shi)(shi)墓和少量石(shi)(shi)棺墓共存。在(zai)石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓的附近發現有青銅(tong)時(shi)期遺址,出土遺物與石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓出土遺物較為接近,說明石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓年代(dai)大體屬于(yu)春秋戰(zhan)國時(shi)期。
結構
在吉(ji)林省的(de)輝發(fa)(fa)河上(shang)游地(di)區(qu),目前已發(fa)(fa)現石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)80余座。這些墓(mu)葬大多(duo)(duo)分布于哈達嶺(ling)山脈海拔500至(zhi)600米(mi)的(de)山崗頂部(bu)或山脊上(shang)。構筑石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材多(duo)(duo)為砂礫(li)巖(yan)、泥質員巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan),并被加(jia)工成(cheng)較規(gui)整(zheng)的(de)長方(fang)形(xing)或方(fang)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)。墓(mu)葬多(duo)(duo)呈長方(fang)形(xing),以石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)半(ban)埋(mai)半(ban)裸立砌,圍(wei)成(cheng)墓(mu)室四壙(kuang)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)是(shi)一(yi)塊長石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)為兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)相接(jie),個別(bie)的(de)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。上(shang)面用大石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)封頂,四周露出寬(kuan)大的(de)棚(peng)檐,下面鋪有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)底石(shi)(shi)(shi)。為了使石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)更堅固,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)下部(bu)或一(yi)端鑿有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對稱的(de)凹槽,以便嵌入底石(shi)(shi)(shi)或端石(shi)(shi)(shi),個別(bie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)周圍(wei)砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)護坡石(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)門(men)前兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊還(huan)立有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)成(cheng)為通道,整(zheng)座墓(mu)葬形(xing)體結構顯得更加(jia)嚴謹、穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)的(de)大小有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)差異(yi),一(yi)般砌石(shi)(shi)(shi)高于地(di)面1至(zhi)1.3米(mi),最(zui)高可達2米(mi)左右(you)。部(bu)分石(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)內發(fa)(fa)現有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人骨,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些經火焚燒(shao)。隨(sui)葬物有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陶(tao)(tao)罐(guan)、陶(tao)(tao)紡輪等陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)。
這些石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)大多在(zai)梅河口(kou)市和柳河縣(xian)境內,其中(zhong)大部分(fen)在(zai)柳河縣(xian)。除一部分(fen)單獨聳立在(zai)山頂外(wai),其余(yu)多數(shu)集中(zhong)分(fen)布在(zai)山脊(ji)上,有(you)些墓(mu)地往往是石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)與(yu)大蓋石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)和少量石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)共(gong)存。在(zai)石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)的附近發(fa)現有(you)青銅(tong)時期遺址(zhi),出(chu)土遺物(wu)與(yu)石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)出(chu)土遺物(wu)較為接近,說(shuo)明石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)年代大體(ti)屬于春秋(qiu)戰國時期。