簡介
輝發(fa)(fa)河(he)(he)上(shang)游(you)石(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓位(wei)于輝發(fa)(fa)河(he)(he)上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)梅河(he)(he)口市、柳河(he)(he)縣境內。輝發(fa)(fa)河(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)第二松(song)花江流域(yu)中上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要支流之一,其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)要流經吉林省南部(bu)和(he)遼寧省東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)。在輝發(fa)(fa)河(he)(he)上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)兩條主(zhu)(zhu)要支流——一統河(he)(he)、三統河(he)(he)流域(yu)分(fen)布眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)(de)石(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓葬(zang),現行(xing)政歸屬分(fen)屬于通化地區(qu)的(de)(de)梅河(he)(he)口市和(he)柳河(he)(he)縣。據1983年(nian)以來文(wen)物普(pu)查結果,目前,這(zhe)一區(qu)域(yu)共集(ji)中發(fa)(fa)現石(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓80余座。這(zhe)些(xie)墓葬(zang)大(da)多(duo)分(fen)布于哈達嶺(ling)山脈,海拔500—600米高(gao)的(de)(de)山崗(gang)頂(ding)部(bu)或山脊上(shang),其(qi)(qi)范圍東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)新開嶺(ling)堿水北(bei)溝(gou),西至雞冠砬子。輝發(fa)(fa)河(he)(he)上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)石(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓葬(zang)群是(shi)(shi)我國乃至東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)地區(qu)此(ci)類墓葬(zang)分(fen)布最為密集(ji)的(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)之一。同時,也是(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)地區(qu)石(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓分(fen)布的(de)(de)最北(bei)界(jie)線(xian),對研究東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)地區(qu)這(zhe)一具有(you)廣(guang)泛分(fen)布的(de)(de)墓葬(zang)具有(you)極為重要的(de)(de)意義,也是(shi)(shi)反映(ying)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)民族(zu)關系與(yu)文(wen)化相融最佳例(li)證之一。
特點
在吉林省的(de)(de)(de)(de)輝發(fa)河上游地區,目前已發(fa)現石(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)80余座。這(zhe)些(xie)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬大多(duo)分布(bu)于哈達嶺山脈(mo)海拔500至600米的(de)(de)(de)(de)山崗頂部(bu)或山脊(ji)上。構(gou)筑石(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)材多(duo)為砂礫巖(yan)、泥質員巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan),并(bing)被(bei)加工成較規整的(de)(de)(de)(de)長方(fang)(fang)形或方(fang)(fang)形石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬多(duo)呈長方(fang)(fang)形,以(yi)石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)半埋半裸(luo)立砌(qi),圍(wei)成墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)四壙(kuang)。兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)多(duo)是一塊長石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban),有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)為兩(liang)(liang)塊石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)相接(jie),個別的(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)層壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)。上面(mian)(mian)用(yong)大石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)封頂,四周(zhou)露出寬大的(de)(de)(de)(de)棚檐,下面(mian)(mian)鋪有(you)(you)(you)底(di)(di)石(shi)(shi)。為了使石(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)更(geng)(geng)堅(jian)固,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下部(bu)或一端(duan)鑿有(you)(you)(you)對(dui)稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹槽(cao),以(yi)便嵌入底(di)(di)石(shi)(shi)或端(duan)石(shi)(shi),個別石(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)周(zhou)圍(wei)砌(qi)有(you)(you)(you)護坡石(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門前兩(liang)(liang)邊還(huan)立有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)成為通道,整座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬形體結(jie)構(gou)顯得更(geng)(geng)加嚴謹、穩(wen)定(ding)。石(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小有(you)(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異,一般砌(qi)石(shi)(shi)高于地面(mian)(mian)1至1.3米,最高可(ke)達2米左右。部(bu)分石(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)發(fa)現有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)骨,有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)經(jing)火焚燒(shao)。隨葬物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)陶罐、陶紡輪等(deng)陶器。
這(zhe)些石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)大多在(zai)梅河口市和柳河縣(xian)境內,其中大部分在(zai)柳河縣(xian)。除一(yi)部分單獨聳立在(zai)山頂(ding)外,其余(yu)多數集中分布在(zai)山脊(ji)上(shang),有(you)些墓(mu)地往(wang)往(wang)是石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)與大蓋石(shi)墓(mu)和少(shao)量(liang)石(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)共存(cun)。在(zai)石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)的附(fu)近發現有(you)青銅(tong)時期遺(yi)址,出土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物與石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)出土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)物較為接(jie)近,說明石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)年代大體屬于春(chun)秋戰國時期。
結構
在吉林(lin)省的(de)(de)(de)輝發(fa)河上游地區,目前已(yi)發(fa)現石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)80余座。這些(xie)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬大(da)多(duo)分(fen)布于(yu)哈達嶺山脈(mo)海拔500至(zhi)600米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)山崗頂部或山脊上。構(gou)筑石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)材多(duo)為(wei)砂礫巖(yan)(yan)、泥質(zhi)員巖(yan)(yan)、片麻巖(yan)(yan),并(bing)被(bei)加工成(cheng)較規整的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)或方(fang)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬多(duo)呈(cheng)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),以(yi)石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)半埋半裸立砌,圍(wei)成(cheng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室四壙(kuang)。兩(liang)側壁石(shi)(shi)多(duo)是一(yi)塊長(chang)石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban),有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)兩(liang)塊石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)相接,個(ge)別的(de)(de)(de)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)層壁石(shi)(shi)。上面用大(da)石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)封頂,四周露(lu)出寬大(da)的(de)(de)(de)棚(peng)檐,下(xia)面鋪(pu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)底石(shi)(shi)。為(wei)了使石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)更堅固,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)側壁石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)部或一(yi)端鑿有(you)(you)(you)(you)對(dui)稱的(de)(de)(de)凹槽,以(yi)便(bian)嵌入(ru)底石(shi)(shi)或端石(shi)(shi),個(ge)別石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)周圍(wei)砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)護坡石(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門前兩(liang)邊還(huan)立有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)成(cheng)為(wei)通道,整座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬形(xing)體結構(gou)顯(xian)得更加嚴(yan)謹、穩定(ding)。石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)差異,一(yi)般砌石(shi)(shi)高于(yu)地面1至(zhi)1.3米(mi)(mi),最高可(ke)達2米(mi)(mi)左右。部分(fen)石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)內發(fa)現有(you)(you)(you)(you)人骨,有(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)經火(huo)焚燒(shao)。隨葬物有(you)(you)(you)(you)陶罐、陶紡(fang)輪等陶器(qi)。
這(zhe)些石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)大(da)多在(zai)梅河(he)口市和柳(liu)河(he)縣境內,其(qi)中(zhong)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)在(zai)柳(liu)河(he)縣。除一部(bu)分(fen)單獨(du)聳立(li)在(zai)山頂外,其(qi)余多數集中(zhong)分(fen)布在(zai)山脊上,有(you)(you)些墓(mu)地往(wang)往(wang)是石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)與(yu)大(da)蓋石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)和少量石(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)共存。在(zai)石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)的附近(jin)發(fa)現有(you)(you)青銅時期(qi)遺(yi)址(zhi),出土遺(yi)物(wu)與(yu)石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)出土遺(yi)物(wu)較為接近(jin),說明石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)年代(dai)大(da)體屬于春秋戰國時期(qi)。