蘊藏文物
1985年(nian)(nian)2—4月進(jin)行(xing)搶救性發掘,1986年(nian)(nian)3—4月進(jin)行(xing)第二(er)次發掘。兩(liang)次發掘共揭露面積550平(ping)方米(mi),清(qing)理(li)出(chu)新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)代(dai)早(zao)期墓葬62座,岳石(shi)(shi)文(wen)化和西周時(shi)期灰坑各1個(ge),漢代(dai)墓葬10座。文(wen)化層厚(hou)約1米(mi),地層堆積清(qing)晰。新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)代(dai)早(zao)期文(wen)化石(shi)(shi)棺墓61座,全部(bu)采(cai)用大伊山(shan)上自然石(shi)(shi)板鑲(xiang)砌而成。共出(chu)土陶器(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)、玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)等文(wen)物170余件。石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)均(jun)(jun)磨(mo)制(zhi),少數留有(you)(you)(you)打制(zhi)痕跡,器(qi)(qi)形有(you)(you)(you)斧、錛、鏟(chan)、鑿、杵、研磨(mo)器(qi)(qi)等;骨器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)針(zhen)、錐;玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)璜、塊、耳墜等;陶器(qi)(qi)以夾砂紅褐陶、泥質紅陶為(wei)主,均(jun)(jun)為(wei)手制(zhi)。常見(jian)器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)釜(fu)(fu)、鼎(ding)、缽(bo)(bo)、盆(pen)、壺、瓶、支座、銼等。紋飾主要有(you)(you)(you)附加堆紋、窄堆紋、乳丁紋、刻(ke)(ke)劃(hua)紋。墓葬中(zhong)隨葬陶器(qi)(qi)以釜(fu)(fu)、缽(bo)(bo)、罐或鼎(ding)、缽(bo)(bo)、盆(pen)為(wei)基本組合,鼎(ding)釜(fu)(fu)多帶腰沿(yan),缽(bo)(bo)多為(wei)平(ping)底(di)(di),部(bu)分為(wei)蓋在死者(zhe)頭部(bu)的(de)“紅頂缽(bo)(bo)”,其中(zhong)6件底(di)(di)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)刻(ke)(ke)劃(hua)符號。
相關資料
大伊山石棺墓晚于(yu)北(bei)辛文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),早于(yu)大汶(wen)口文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua);由于(yu)它處于(yu)南北(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)匯區,因(yin)而既具(ju)有黃河下游(you)新(xin)石器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特征,又具(ju)有長(chang)江下游(you)新(xin)石器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)特點(dian),同時還具(ju)有獨特的(de)自身(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)因(yin)素(su),屬青蓮崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)類型。1995年4月公布為(wei)(wei)江蘇省第四(si)批文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),1996年11月公布為(wei)(wei)第四(si)批全(quan)國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。
石棺墓
石棺(guan)墓(mu)全部(bu)采用大(da)伊山上自(zi)然石板鑲砌而成(cheng)。其中(zhong)(zhong)出土陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)、石器(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)、玉器(qi)(qi)等(deng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)170余件。大(da)伊山石棺(guan)墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)有(you)兩大(da)發現引人注目,一(yi)是(shi)在61座(zuo)墓(mu)葬中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)27座(zuo)發現用主要食器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)缽(bo)覆蓋在死(si)者頭部(bu),缽(bo)底部(bu)敲(qiao)打出一(yi)個小洞。二是(shi)六件陶(tao)(tao)缽(bo)的(de)(de)(de)底部(bu)發現有(you)刻劃(hua)符號(hao)。有(you)專家說(shuo),這些刻劃(hua)符號(hao)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國發現最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字萌(meng)芽。原國家文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局副局長(chang)、國家文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)專家組組長(chang)黃景略(lve),原故宮(gong)博物(wu)(wu)館院長(chang)、著(zhu)名考(kao)(kao)古學家張忠(zhong)培,山東(dong)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考(kao)(kao)古研究所研究員鄭笑梅等(deng)考(kao)(kao)察后認為,大(da)伊山石棺(guan)墓(mu)晚于北辛文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),早于大(da)汶口(kou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),距今6500年,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)石棺(guan)墓(mu);由于它處(chu)于南北文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交匯區,因而既(ji)具有(you)黃河下游新石器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特征,又具有(you)長(chang)江(jiang)下游新石器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特點(dian),同時還(huan)具有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)身(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)因素,屬青蓮崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)類型(xing),1996年11月,大(da)伊山石棺(guan)墓(mu)公布為第(di)四(si)批全國重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位。
位(wei)于(yu)(yu)連云港(gang)市灌(guan)云縣伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)鄉任莊村大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)東(dong)麓,遺址東(dong)西長(chang)70米(mi)、南北寬50米(mi),總面積約(yue)3000多平方米(mi),距今(jin)6500年(nian),是(shi)中(zhong)國迄今(jin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)早的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓。經(jing)1985年(nian)、1986年(nian)兩(liang)次發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue),清理新石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時代早期文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓61座。岳石(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)西周(zhou)時期灰坑各一處(chu)(chu)、漢(han)代墓葬(zang)10座。石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓全(quan)部(bu)采用大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)上(shang)自然石(shi)(shi)(shi)板鑲砌而成(cheng)。其0土陶器(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)、骨(gu)器(qi)、玉器(qi)等文(wen)(wen)物170余(yu)件。大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓中(zhong)還有(you)兩(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)引人注目,一是(shi)在(zai)61座墓葬(zang)中(zhong),有(you)27座發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)用主要食器(qi)的(de)(de)陶缽(bo)覆蓋在(zai)死者頭部(bu),缽(bo)底(di)部(bu)敲打出(chu)一個小(xiao)洞。二(er)是(shi)六件陶缽(bo)的(de)(de)底(di)部(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)刻(ke)劃符號。有(you)專家說,這些刻(ke)劃符號是(shi)中(zhong)國發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)早的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)萌芽(ya)。原國家文(wen)(wen)物局(ju)(ju)副局(ju)(ju)長(chang)、國家文(wen)(wen)物局(ju)(ju)文(wen)(wen)物專家組組長(chang)黃(huang)(huang)景略,原故宮博物館院(yuan)長(chang)、著名考(kao)(kao)古(gu)學家張忠培,山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物考(kao)(kao)古(gu)研究所研究員(yuan)鄭笑梅等考(kao)(kao)察(cha)后認為,大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓晚于(yu)(yu)北辛文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),早于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)汶(wen)口文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),距今(jin)6500年(nian),是(shi)中(zhong)國最(zui)(zui)(zui)早的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓;由(you)于(yu)(yu)它處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)南北文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交匯區,因(yin)而既具(ju)有(you)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)下(xia)游(you)新石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特(te)征,又具(ju)有(you)長(chang)江下(xia)游(you)新石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特(te)點(dian),同時還具(ju)有(you)獨特(te)的(de)(de)自身文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)因(yin)素,屬青蓮崗文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)類型,1996年(nian)11月(yue),大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓公(gong)布為第(di)四批全(quan)國重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物保護單位(wei)。