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1985年2—4月進行搶救性(xing)發(fa)掘，1986年3—4月進行第二次(ci)發(fa)掘。兩(liang)次(ci)發(fa)掘共揭露(lu)面積550平(ping)方(fang)米，清理出(chu)新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代早期(qi)墓葬62座，岳(yue)石(shi)(shi)文(wen)化和西周時期(qi)灰坑(keng)各1個，漢代墓葬10座。文(wen)化層(ceng)厚約1米，地層(ceng)堆積清晰。新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代早期(qi)文(wen)化石(shi)(shi)棺墓61座，全部(bu)采用(yong)大伊(yi)山上自然石(shi)(shi)板鑲砌而成。共出(chu)土陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)文(wen)物(wu)170余件。石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)均(jun)磨制(zhi)，少數(shu)留有(you)打制(zhi)痕跡，器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)斧、錛、鏟、鑿、杵、研磨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)；骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)針、錐；玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)璜、塊、耳(er)墜等(deng)(deng)(deng)；陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)夾砂紅褐陶、泥質(zhi)紅陶為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，均(jun)為(wei)(wei)手(shou)制(zhi)。常見(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)釜、鼎、缽(bo)(bo)、盆(pen)、壺、瓶、支座、銼(cuo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。紋飾主(zhu)要有(you)附加堆紋、窄堆紋、乳丁紋、刻劃(hua)(hua)紋。墓葬中(zhong)隨葬陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)釜、缽(bo)(bo)、罐(guan)或鼎、缽(bo)(bo)、盆(pen)為(wei)(wei)基本組(zu)合，鼎釜多(duo)帶腰(yao)沿，缽(bo)(bo)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)底，部(bu)分為(wei)(wei)蓋在死者頭部(bu)的(de)“紅頂缽(bo)(bo)”，其中(zhong)6件底部(bu)有(you)刻劃(hua)(hua)符號。

相關資料

大伊山石棺墓晚于(yu)(yu)北辛文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，早于(yu)(yu)大汶口(kou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)；由(you)于(yu)(yu)它處(chu)于(yu)(yu)南北文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交匯區，因(yin)而既具有黃河下游新(xin)石器文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特征，又具有長江下游新(xin)石器文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)特點，同時還(huan)具有獨特的(de)自身文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)因(yin)素(su)，屬青(qing)蓮(lian)崗(gang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)類型。1995年4月公布為江蘇省(sheng)第四批文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位，1996年11月公布為第四批全國重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位。

石棺墓

石(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)(mu)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)采用大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上自然石(shi)(shi)板鑲(xiang)砌而(er)成。其(qi)中(zhong)出土(tu)陶(tao)(tao)器、石(shi)(shi)器、骨器、玉器等(deng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)170余件。大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)大(da)發現(xian)引(yin)人注(zhu)目，一(yi)是(shi)在61座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)葬中(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)27座(zuo)發現(xian)用主要(yao)食器的(de)陶(tao)(tao)缽(bo)(bo)覆蓋在死者頭部(bu)，缽(bo)(bo)底部(bu)敲打出一(yi)個小(xiao)洞。二是(shi)六件陶(tao)(tao)缽(bo)(bo)的(de)底部(bu)發現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)刻劃符號。有(you)(you)(you)(you)專家說(shuo)，這(zhe)些刻劃符號是(shi)中(zhong)國發現(xian)最早的(de)文(wen)(wen)字萌芽。原國家文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)局副局長、國家文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)局文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)專家組組長黃景略，原故宮博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館院長、著名考(kao)古學(xue)家張忠培，山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)考(kao)古研(yan)究所研(yan)究員鄭笑(xiao)梅等(deng)考(kao)察后認為，大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)(mu)晚于北辛文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，早于大(da)汶口(kou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，距(ju)今6500年(nian)，是(shi)中(zhong)國最早的(de)石(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)(mu)；由(you)于它處于南北文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交匯(hui)區(qu)，因而(er)既具有(you)(you)(you)(you)黃河下游新(xin)(xin)石(shi)(shi)器文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特(te)征(zheng)，又具有(you)(you)(you)(you)長江下游新(xin)(xin)石(shi)(shi)器文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特(te)點，同時還具有(you)(you)(you)(you)獨特(te)的(de)自身文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)因素，屬青蓮(lian)崗文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)類型，1996年(nian)11月，大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)(mu)公(gong)布為第(di)四批(pi)全(quan)(quan)國重點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)保護單位。

位于(yu)連云港市灌(guan)云縣伊(yi)山(shan)鄉(xiang)任莊(zhuang)村大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)山(shan)東麓，遺址東西長70米(mi)、南北(bei)寬50米(mi)，總面積約3000多(duo)平方米(mi)，距(ju)今6500年(nian)(nian)，是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)迄今發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)最早(zao)(zao)的石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓。經1985年(nian)(nian)、1986年(nian)(nian)兩次發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘，清(qing)理(li)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時代早(zao)(zao)期(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓61座(zuo)。岳石(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)和西周時期(qi)灰坑各一處、漢代墓葬(zang)10座(zuo)。石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓全部(bu)采(cai)用大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)山(shan)上自然石(shi)(shi)板鑲砌而(er)成。其0土(tu)陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)、玉器(qi)(qi)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)170余(yu)件(jian)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓中(zhong)還(huan)有(you)兩大(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)引人注(zhu)目，一是在61座(zuo)墓葬(zang)中(zhong)，有(you)27座(zuo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)用主要食器(qi)(qi)的陶(tao)缽覆蓋在死者頭部(bu)，缽底(di)部(bu)敲打出一個(ge)小洞(dong)。二是六件(jian)陶(tao)缽的底(di)部(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)刻劃(hua)符號。有(you)專家(jia)說，這些(xie)刻劃(hua)符號是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)最早(zao)(zao)的文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字萌芽(ya)。原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)局副局長、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)局文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)專家(jia)組組長黃(huang)景略，原(yuan)故宮博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館院長、著(zhu)名考(kao)(kao)古學(xue)家(jia)張(zhang)忠(zhong)培，山(shan)東省文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)考(kao)(kao)古研究所研究員鄭笑(xiao)梅等考(kao)(kao)察后認為，大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓晚于(yu)北(bei)辛文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，早(zao)(zao)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)汶口文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)，距(ju)今6500年(nian)(nian)，是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)最早(zao)(zao)的石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓；由于(yu)它(ta)處于(yu)南北(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交匯區，因(yin)而(er)既具(ju)(ju)有(you)黃(huang)河下(xia)游新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特征，又具(ju)(ju)有(you)長江下(xia)游新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特點，同時還(huan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)獨特的自身文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)因(yin)素，屬(shu)青蓮崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)類型，1996年(nian)(nian)11月，大(da)(da)(da)(da)伊(yi)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓公布為第四批(pi)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位。