蘊藏文物
1985年2—4月(yue)(yue)進行搶救性發掘(jue)(jue),1986年3—4月(yue)(yue)進行第二次(ci)發掘(jue)(jue)。兩(liang)次(ci)發掘(jue)(jue)共揭露面積(ji)550平方米(mi),清(qing)理出新石器(qi)(qi)(qi)時代(dai)早期(qi)墓葬(zang)62座,岳石文(wen)(wen)化(hua)和(he)西周時期(qi)灰(hui)坑各1個,漢代(dai)墓葬(zang)10座。文(wen)(wen)化(hua)層厚約1米(mi),地層堆積(ji)清(qing)晰。新石器(qi)(qi)(qi)時代(dai)早期(qi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)石棺墓61座,全部采用大伊山上自然(ran)石板鑲(xiang)砌(qi)而成。共出土陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、石器(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)、玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等文(wen)(wen)物170余件。石器(qi)(qi)(qi)均磨制,少(shao)數(shu)留有(you)打制痕跡(ji),器(qi)(qi)(qi)形有(you)斧、錛(ben)、鏟、鑿(zao)、杵、研磨器(qi)(qi)(qi)等;骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)針(zhen)、錐;玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)璜、塊、耳墜等;陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)以夾砂紅褐陶(tao)(tao)、泥質紅陶(tao)(tao)為(wei)主,均為(wei)手(shou)制。常見器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)釜(fu)、鼎、缽、盆、壺、瓶(ping)、支座、銼(cuo)等。紋飾主要有(you)附加(jia)堆紋、窄堆紋、乳(ru)丁(ding)紋、刻劃(hua)紋。墓葬(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)隨葬(zang)陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)以釜(fu)、缽、罐(guan)或鼎、缽、盆為(wei)基本組合(he),鼎釜(fu)多帶腰沿,缽多為(wei)平底,部分為(wei)蓋在(zai)死者(zhe)頭部的(de)“紅頂缽”,其中(zhong)(zhong)6件底部有(you)刻劃(hua)符號。
相關資料
大伊(yi)山石(shi)棺墓晚于(yu)北辛文(wen)化,早于(yu)大汶口文(wen)化;由于(yu)它(ta)處于(yu)南北文(wen)化交匯(hui)區,因而既具(ju)有黃河下(xia)游新石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)化特(te)征(zheng),又具(ju)有長江下(xia)游新石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)化的特(te)點,同(tong)時還(huan)具(ju)有獨(du)特(te)的自身文(wen)化因素,屬青蓮崗(gang)文(wen)化類型(xing)。1995年4月公布為(wei)江蘇省第四批文(wen)物保護單位(wei),1996年11月公布為(wei)第四批全國重點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。
石棺墓
石(shi)(shi)棺墓全(quan)部(bu)采用大伊山(shan)上自然石(shi)(shi)板鑲砌而(er)成。其中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)土陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)、玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)170余件。大伊山(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺墓中(zhong)(zhong)還有(you)兩大發(fa)現引人注(zhu)目(mu),一(yi)是(shi)(shi)在61座墓葬中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)27座發(fa)現用主要(yao)食(shi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)陶(tao)缽(bo)覆(fu)蓋在死者(zhe)頭部(bu),缽(bo)底部(bu)敲打出(chu)一(yi)個小洞。二是(shi)(shi)六件陶(tao)缽(bo)的(de)(de)底部(bu)發(fa)現有(you)刻劃(hua)符(fu)號(hao)。有(you)專(zhuan)家說,這些刻劃(hua)符(fu)號(hao)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)發(fa)現最早的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字萌芽。原國(guo)家文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局副局長、國(guo)家文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)專(zhuan)家組組長黃景略(lve),原故(gu)宮博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)院長、著名考古學(xue)家張忠(zhong)培(pei),山(shan)東省文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)考古研究所研究員鄭笑梅等考察(cha)后認(ren)為,大伊山(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺墓晚(wan)于(yu)北辛文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua),早于(yu)大汶口(kou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua),距今6500年(nian),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)最早的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)棺墓;由于(yu)它處于(yu)南北文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)交匯區,因(yin)而(er)既具(ju)有(you)黃河下游(you)新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)特(te)征,又具(ju)有(you)長江下游(you)新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)特(te)點(dian),同時還具(ju)有(you)獨特(te)的(de)(de)自身文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)因(yin)素(su),屬(shu)青蓮崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)類型,1996年(nian)11月,大伊山(shan)石(shi)(shi)棺墓公布為第四批全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位。
位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)連云港市灌云縣伊(yi)(yi)(yi)山鄉(xiang)任莊村大伊(yi)(yi)(yi)山東麓,遺址東西長(chang)70米、南(nan)北(bei)寬50米,總面(mian)積約3000多平(ping)方米,距(ju)今6500年(nian)(nian),是中國迄(qi)今發現最(zui)早(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)石(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。經1985年(nian)(nian)、1986年(nian)(nian)兩次發掘,清理新石(shi)器(qi)時代早(zao)(zao)期(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化石(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)61座(zuo)。岳石(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化和西周時期(qi)灰坑各(ge)一處、漢代墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬10座(zuo)。石(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)全(quan)部采用(yong)大伊(yi)(yi)(yi)山上自(zi)然石(shi)板鑲砌而(er)成。其(qi)0土陶(tao)器(qi)、石(shi)器(qi)、骨器(qi)、玉器(qi)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)170余件。大伊(yi)(yi)(yi)山石(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)中還有(you)兩大發現引人注目,一是在61座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬中,有(you)27座(zuo)發現用(yong)主(zhu)要食器(qi)的(de)(de)陶(tao)缽(bo)覆蓋在死者頭部,缽(bo)底部敲打出(chu)一個小洞(dong)。二是六件陶(tao)缽(bo)的(de)(de)底部發現有(you)刻劃符號。有(you)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)說,這些刻劃符號是中國發現最(zui)早(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字萌芽(ya)。原國家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)副局(ju)長(chang)、國家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)組組長(chang)黃景略,原故宮(gong)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館院長(chang)、著名考古學家(jia)張忠培,山東省文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古研究所研究員(yuan)鄭(zheng)笑梅等考察后認(ren)為,大伊(yi)(yi)(yi)山石(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)晚(wan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)北(bei)辛(xin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化,早(zao)(zao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)大汶口文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化,距(ju)今6500年(nian)(nian),是中國最(zui)早(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)石(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu);由于(yu)(yu)(yu)它(ta)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)北(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化交匯區(qu),因而(er)既具有(you)黃河下(xia)游新石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化特(te)征,又具有(you)長(chang)江下(xia)游新石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化特(te)點(dian),同(tong)時還具有(you)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)自(zi)身(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化因素,屬青(qing)蓮崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化類型,1996年(nian)(nian)11月(yue),大伊(yi)(yi)(yi)山石(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)公布為第四批全(quan)國重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)。