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1985年2—4月(yue)進(jin)行(xing)搶救性發(fa)掘，1986年3—4月(yue)進(jin)行(xing)第二次發(fa)掘。兩次發(fa)掘共揭露面積550平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，清理出新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代(dai)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)墓(mu)葬(zang)62座，岳石(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)和西周時期(qi)(qi)灰坑(keng)各1個(ge)，漢代(dai)墓(mu)葬(zang)10座。文(wen)化(hua)層厚約(yue)1米(mi)(mi)，地層堆(dui)積清晰。新石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代(dai)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)61座，全部采用(yong)大(da)伊山上自然石(shi)(shi)板鑲砌(qi)而成。共出土(tu)陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、玉器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等文(wen)物170余(yu)件(jian)。石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)均磨制(zhi)，少數(shu)留有(you)(you)打制(zhi)痕(hen)跡，器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形有(you)(you)斧、錛、鏟、鑿、杵(chu)、研(yan)磨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等；骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)針、錐；玉器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)璜、塊、耳墜等；陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以夾(jia)砂(sha)紅(hong)褐(he)陶、泥(ni)質(zhi)紅(hong)陶為(wei)主，均為(wei)手制(zhi)。常見器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)釜、鼎(ding)(ding)、缽(bo)(bo)、盆(pen)、壺、瓶、支座、銼(cuo)等。紋飾主要有(you)(you)附(fu)加堆(dui)紋、窄(zhai)堆(dui)紋、乳丁紋、刻劃(hua)(hua)紋。墓(mu)葬(zang)中隨(sui)葬(zang)陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以釜、缽(bo)(bo)、罐或鼎(ding)(ding)、缽(bo)(bo)、盆(pen)為(wei)基本組合，鼎(ding)(ding)釜多(duo)帶腰(yao)沿，缽(bo)(bo)多(duo)為(wei)平底(di)，部分為(wei)蓋在死者頭部的“紅(hong)頂缽(bo)(bo)”，其(qi)中6件(jian)底(di)部有(you)(you)刻劃(hua)(hua)符號。

相關資料

大(da)伊山石棺(guan)墓晚(wan)于(yu)北(bei)辛文(wen)(wen)化(hua)，早于(yu)大(da)汶口文(wen)(wen)化(hua)；由于(yu)它處于(yu)南北(bei)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)交匯區，因(yin)而既具(ju)有(you)黃河下(xia)游新石器文(wen)(wen)化(hua)特征，又具(ju)有(you)長(chang)江下(xia)游新石器文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的特點，同時還具(ju)有(you)獨特的自(zi)身文(wen)(wen)化(hua)因(yin)素(su)，屬青蓮崗文(wen)(wen)化(hua)類型。1995年4月(yue)(yue)公(gong)布(bu)為江蘇(su)省第四批(pi)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)，1996年11月(yue)(yue)公(gong)布(bu)為第四批(pi)全國重點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。

石棺墓

石(shi)棺墓(mu)全部采用大(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)上自(zi)然石(shi)板鑲砌而(er)成(cheng)。其中(zhong)出土陶器(qi)、石(shi)器(qi)、骨器(qi)、玉器(qi)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)170余(yu)件(jian)。大(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)棺墓(mu)中(zhong)還有(you)兩大(da)發(fa)現引人注目(mu)，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)在61座墓(mu)葬中(zhong)，有(you)27座發(fa)現用主(zhu)要食(shi)器(qi)的(de)(de)陶缽(bo)覆蓋在死(si)者頭部，缽(bo)底部敲打(da)出一(yi)個小洞。二是(shi)(shi)六(liu)件(jian)陶缽(bo)的(de)(de)底部發(fa)現有(you)刻劃(hua)(hua)符(fu)號。有(you)專家(jia)說，這(zhe)些(xie)刻劃(hua)(hua)符(fu)號是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)發(fa)現最早(zao)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字萌芽。原國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)(ju)副局(ju)(ju)長、國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)(ju)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)專家(jia)組(zu)(zu)組(zu)(zu)長黃景略，原故宮(gong)博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)院長、著名考古(gu)學家(jia)張忠培，山(shan)(shan)東省文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古(gu)研究所研究員鄭笑梅等考察后認(ren)為，大(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)棺墓(mu)晚于(yu)北辛文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)，早(zao)于(yu)大(da)汶口文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)，距今6500年(nian)，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)最早(zao)的(de)(de)石(shi)棺墓(mu)；由于(yu)它處(chu)于(yu)南北文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)交(jiao)匯(hui)區(qu)，因而(er)既具(ju)有(you)黃河下游(you)新石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)特(te)征(zheng)，又(you)具(ju)有(you)長江下游(you)新石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)特(te)點(dian)，同時還具(ju)有(you)獨特(te)的(de)(de)自(zi)身文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)因素，屬青(qing)蓮崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)類型，1996年(nian)11月，大(da)伊(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)棺墓(mu)公布(bu)為第(di)四批全國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位(wei)。

位于(yu)(yu)連云港市(shi)灌云縣伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉任(ren)莊(zhuang)村大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓(lu)，遺(yi)址東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)70米(mi)、南北(bei)(bei)寬50米(mi)，總面積約3000多平方米(mi)，距(ju)(ju)今6500年，是中國迄今發現(xian)最早的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)。經1985年、1986年兩次(ci)發掘，清(qing)理新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時代早期(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)61座。岳石(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)西(xi)周時期(qi)灰坑各一處、漢代墓(mu)(mu)葬10座。石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)全(quan)部采用大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)自然石(shi)(shi)(shi)板鑲砌(qi)而成。其0土陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)170余件(jian)。大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)中還有兩大(da)發現(xian)引人注(zhu)目，一是在61座墓(mu)(mu)葬中，有27座發現(xian)用主要食器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)陶(tao)缽(bo)(bo)覆(fu)蓋在死者頭部，缽(bo)(bo)底(di)(di)部敲打(da)出一個小洞。二(er)是六(liu)件(jian)陶(tao)缽(bo)(bo)的(de)底(di)(di)部發現(xian)有刻(ke)劃符號(hao)。有專(zhuan)家說，這些刻(ke)劃符號(hao)是中國發現(xian)最早的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字萌芽(ya)。原國家文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)副局(ju)長(chang)(chang)、國家文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)專(zhuan)家組組長(chang)(chang)黃(huang)景略，原故宮博物(wu)館院長(chang)(chang)、著名考(kao)(kao)古學家張忠培，山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)考(kao)(kao)古研(yan)究所(suo)研(yan)究員鄭笑梅(mei)等(deng)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)后認為，大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)晚(wan)于(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)辛文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，早于(yu)(yu)大(da)汶口(kou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，距(ju)(ju)今6500年，是中國最早的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)；由于(yu)(yu)它(ta)處于(yu)(yu)南北(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交匯區(qu)，因而既具(ju)有黃(huang)河下游新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)特(te)征，又具(ju)有長(chang)(chang)江下游新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)特(te)點，同時還具(ju)有獨(du)特(te)的(de)自身(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)因素(su)，屬青蓮(lian)崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)類型，1996年11月，大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺(guan)墓(mu)(mu)公布為第四批全(quan)國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位。