羅(luo)田巖石刻是于江西省(sheng)于都(dou)縣縣城貢江南岸(an)楂(zha)林村羅(luo)田巖景(jing)區(qu)內一(yi)處,重(zhong)要的人文景(jing)點,據文獻記(ji)載,在羅(luo)田巖四(si)周(zhou)約2平(ping)方公里的懸崖峭壁上(shang)分(fen)布(bu)著唐宋以來(lai)歷代名人題刻100多品(pin)。但因(yin)年代久遠,不少(shao)石刻風化、剝(bo)落(luo),加上(shang)“文革”期間又(you)人為破壞,現(xian)能(neng)辨(bian)認、保護較好的只有57品(pin)。
羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)巖石刻(ke)(ke)主要分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)寺東(dong)懸崖(ya)和觀善巖懸崖(ya)上(shang)。寺東(dong)懸崖(ya)上(shang)能分(fen)辨(bian)的(de)(de)有15品,宋(song)代石刻(ke)(ke)多,目(mu)(mu)前發現早的(de)(de)石刻(ke)(ke)宋(song)皇祜(hu)三年(nian)(1051年(nian))石刻(ke)(ke),就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里懸崖(ya)上(shang)。懸崖(ya)上(shang)端醒(xing)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)石刻(ke)(ke),宋(song)代民(min)統英雄(xiong)岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)“天(tian)子(zi)萬年(nian)”題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)。南宋(song)紹興(xing)三年(nian)(1133年(nian))岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)奉(feng)命“征剿(jiao)”農民(min)起義軍(jun)(jun)到(dao)了(le)于(yu)都(dou)(dou),他首(shou)(shou)先到(dao)離縣城(cheng)五里的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)巖來(lai)拜訪(fang)住(zhu)持黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)禪師(shi)(shi),預卜這(zhe)次(ci)出征的(de)(de)兇吉,黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)禪師(shi)(shi)毫不(bu)(bu)隱瞞(man)地告訴(su)(su)他:“岳家(jia)(jia)軍(jun)(jun)這(zhe)次(ci)出兵(bing)必敗(bai)”,岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)聽(ting)了(le),心里很(hen)不(bu)(bu)高興(xing),心想(xiang)岳家(jia)(jia)軍(jun)(jun)所向(xiang)披靡,人稱常勝軍(jun)(jun),這(zhe)次(ci)出兵(bing)怎么(me)會(hui)失敗(bai)。后(hou)來(lai)正如(ru)黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)禪師(shi)(shi)所說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),雖然岳家(jia)(jia)軍(jun)(jun)驍勇無比,但還是戰(zhan)不(bu)(bu)獲勝,岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)心中暗想(xiang),黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)禪師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)話(hua)果然靈驗啊!戰(zhan)后(hou),岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)又到(dao)羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)巖去拜訪(fang)黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)禪師(shi)(shi)。黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)禪師(shi)(shi)早就(jiu)料到(dao)岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)會(hui)來(lai),就(jiu)告訴(su)(su)寺內(nei)的(de)(de)僧(seng)徒說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“如(ru)果岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)將軍(jun)(jun)來(lai)了(le),你(ni)們就(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)為(wei)師(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)”。說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)完脫下身中袈裟披在(zai)(zai)座椅上(shang),走了(le)。岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)再次(ci)來(lai)到(dao)羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)巖,遠遠地象(xiang)看見一只老虎蹲在(zai)(zai)廟內(nei),來(lai)到(dao)廟內(nei),向(xiang)僧(seng)徒們詢問(wen)黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)禪師(shi)(shi),大家(jia)(jia)都(dou)(dou)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia),也不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)什么(me)時候才(cai)能回(hui)來(lai)。岳飛(fei)(fei)(fei)聽(ting)囝(jian),悵然萬分(fen),于(yu)是,提筆寫(xie)了(le)一首(shou)(shou)七絕詩《羅(luo)(luo)田(tian)巖訪(fang)黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)禪跡留題(ti)》,并揮筆題(ti)寫(xie)了(le)“天(tian)子(zi)萬年(nian)“這(zhe)四個雄(xiong)渾(hun)蒼勁的(de)(de)大字(zi)。在(zai)(zai)崖(ya)壁左(zuo)側上(shang)部(bu)的(de)(de)“白(bai)云深處”,為(wei)元代書(shu)法家(jia)(jia)王懋德(de)刻(ke)(ke)。
寺東(dong)崖(ya)壁往(wang)左延(yan)伸為(wei)(wei)(wei)善(shan)(shan)(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),這里不僅(jin)題(ti)刻(ke)分布集中(zhong),而(er)且名(ming)(ming)人題(ti)刻(ke)多(duo)。現(xian)(xian)有(you)題(ti)刻(ke)27品,右(you)側醒(xing)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)第1品,蠅(ying)民族英雄文(wen)天祥在南(nan)宋景(jing)炎二年,(1299年)時率軍在于都(dou)抗擊元兵,大捷(jie)后,登(deng)游(you)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)寫(xie)下了(le)《集句(ju)大書羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石壁》詩(shi),詩(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei):“豈弟君(jun)子(zi),民之父母。靖(jing)共爾位(wei),正直是與。無(wu)貳(er)無(wu)虞,上(shang)帝臨汝。”表達(da)了(le)作(zuo)忠貞不的(de)(de)(de)堅強意志和(he)高尚情操。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)壁中(zhong)部的(de)(de)(de)一首七(qi)(qi)言(yan)絕句(ju)《游(you)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)》題(ti)刻(ke),為(wei)(wei)(wei)北宋哲學家時任虔州通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)敦(dun)頤,于嘉祜八(ba)年(1063年)正月(yue)祿七(qi)(qi),游(you)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)時題(ti)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de),詞(ci)的(de)(de)(de)內容為(wei)(wei)(wei):“聞有(you)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)即去尋(xun),亦躋(ji)云(yun)外松(song)(song)陰,雖(sui)然未是洞中(zhong)境,且異人間名(ming)(ming)利心。”同年周(zhou)敦(dun)頤作(zuo)《愛蓮(lian)說》并于五月(yue)十五日(ri),由縣(xian)令(ling)沈(shen)希(xi)顏書,五摶篆額,錢拓上(shang)石,惜此石刻(ke)沒有(you)保存下來。周(zhou)敦(dun)頤題(ti)刻(ke)開(kai)創了(le)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)名(ming)(ming)人題(ti)刻(ke)先河,從此,羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)聲譽(yu)遠播,文(wen)官武將,騷人墨客,名(ming)(ming)家學者,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)或攬勝觀景(jing),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)或瞻(zhan)仰(yang)唱(chang)和(he),歷代不衰。在周(zhou)敦(dun)頤題(ti)刻(ke)左側為(wei)(wei)(wei)岳(yue)飛(fei)題(ti)刻(ke)《羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)訪(fang)黃龍舊跡留題(ti)》七(qi)(qi)絕詞(ci):“手持杖訪(fang)黃友(you),舊穴只遺虎子(zi)。深鎖白去無(wu)覓處(chu),半山(shan)松(song)(song)竹撼西風”。右(you)側為(wei)(wei)(wei)北宋書法家呈現(xian)(xian)鴻題(ti)刻(ke)《題(ti)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石刻(ke)》。位(wei)于巖(yan)(yan)(yan)壁上(shang)部的(de)(de)(de)《觀善(shan)(shan)(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)小序》的(de)(de)(de)題(ti)刻(ke):“善(shan)(shan)(shan),吾性也。曰觀善(shan)(shan)(shan),取(qu)傳所謂相觀而(er)善(shan)(shan)(shan)者也”,為(wei)(wei)(wei)明代大理學家五守仁途徑(jing)于都(dou)游(you)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)時題(ti)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)。
此外,羅田巖石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)在寺廟內的(de)石(shi)壁上有(you)12品(pin)(pin);南宋(song)理學家朱熹(xi)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)“居(ju)然仙境”就位于(yu)觀音(yin)殿;寺西有(you)清代于(yu)都縣張湄題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)的(de)“乳泉(quan)”1品(pin)(pin);山西有(you)“別一洞天(tian)”題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)1品(pin)(pin);山北有(you)“雩陽覽”題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)1品(pin)(pin)。
羅田巖石(shi)刻(ke)內容和形式繁(fan)多(duo),有詩詞、匾額、佛龕(kan)像記,姓名等,字體有楷(kai)書(shu)、行書(shu)、草書(shu)、隸書(shu)、篆書(shu)等。其中(zhong)以正楷(kai)和行書(shu)為多(duo),這(zhe)不僅是(shi)研(yan)究我國書(shu)法石(shi)刻(ke)藝(yi)術(shu)的實(shi)物資料,也是(shi)研(yan)究贛(gan)南政(zheng)治、經濟、文化等不可多(duo)得(de)的珍貴資料,是(shi)一份(fen)珍貴的歷史文化遺產。