芒果视频下载

簡介

崖墓(mu)是(shi)漢代(dai)乃至魏晉南(nan)北朝時期四(si)川(chuan)地(di)區最富(fu)地(di)方特色且普遍流行的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)葬式(shi)，鑿山為穴，謂之崖墓(mu)，俗(su)稱(cheng)“蠻(man)子洞”，幾乎遍及(ji)全川(chuan)各地(di)。據悉，此(ci)前的(de)考古(gu)發(fa)掘中(zhong)，均發(fa)現崖墓(mu)中(zhong)刻有各種(zhong)(zhong)題材畫像，或(huo)有不(bu)少彩繪，但從未發(fa)現過(guo)壁畫。此(ci)次，中(zhong)江(jiang)塔梁子崖墓(mu)群3號壁畫墓(mu)的(de)發(fa)現堪稱(cheng)崖墓(mu)考古(gu)的(de)重(zhong)大(da)發(fa)現，因(yin)為其中(zhong)首次發(fa)現了墨書榜題，其墓(mu)葬形(xing)制非(fei)常(chang)奇特，文化內涵(han)極為豐(feng)富(fu)，是(shi)長(chang)江(jiang)流域及(ji)其以(yi)南(nan)地(di)區發(fa)現的(de)最早的(de)壁畫墓(mu)。

考古

塔梁(liang)子(zi)崖(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)(qun)位于(yu)(yu)中江縣民主鄉8村7社玉江東(dong)岸山梁(liang)。 塔梁(liang)子(zi)崖(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)(qun)今年初，民主鄉發現(xian)數(shu)(shu)座崖(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)被盜(dao)，迅速(su)上報當(dang)地有(you)(you)關部門，由此(ci)揭(jie)開(kai)了(le)這群(qun)(qun)神(shen)秘(mi)崖(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)面紗。考古工作于(yu)(yu)9月25日正(zheng)(zheng)式啟動，先后發掘(jue)出6座崖(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，除3號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)目前正(zheng)(zheng)進行(xing)緊(jin)張(zhang)的(de)(de)清理(li)、拍攝(she)、臨摹等搶救(jiu)性保護處理(li)外(wai)(wai)，其他墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)已經清理(li)完(wan)畢并(bing)進入初步整理(li)階(jie)段。記者在(zai)現(xian)場看到，這6座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)均依(yi)山而(er)鑿，由墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門、主室(shi)(shi)(shi)、通道、側(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、耳室(shi)(shi)(shi)、棺床以及各種用途的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內附(fu)屬物等組成(cheng)。由于(yu)(yu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)(qun)距今近兩千年，加之多次被盜(dao)，看上去隨時都有(you)(you)壓塌的(de)(de)危(wei)險。因此(ci)，此(ci)次開(kai)鑿方式都采用在(zai)緩坡向山腹(fu)縱深開(kai)一明槽作為墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道，至(zhi)巖石(shi)深處再鑿出墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門和墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。除3號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai)(wai)，其它5座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道長(chang)約5—9米，有(you)(you)雙室(shi)(shi)(shi)、三(san)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、四室(shi)(shi)(shi)幾種形式。由于(yu)(yu)漢代崇尚(shang)厚葬，有(you)(you)“事(shi)死如事(shi)生”的(de)(de)習(xi)俗，仿照地面建(jian)筑的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)結構和裝修，反(fan)映(ying)了(le)東(dong)漢時期地主莊園(yuan)經濟。走進6號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，較為豐富的(de)(de)石(shi)刻畫像迅速(su)映(ying)入眼(yan)簾，鶴鳥交(jiao)配圖、鶴含魚(yu)、兵器(qi)架等栩栩如生，讓現(xian)場目擊者不禁叫好。據有(you)(you)關專(zhuan)家介紹(shao)，6號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)共(gong)有(you)(you)4個墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，由于(yu)(yu)數(shu)(shu)次被盜(dao)，出土文物較少，僅剩下(xia)東(dong)漢五(wu)銖、陶器(qi)殘片等。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)存在(zai)嚴重滲水現(xian)象，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內已結成(cheng)了(le)白(bai)色的(de)(de)石(shi)鐘乳，給墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內文物保護帶來了(le)相當(dang)大(da)的(de)(de)困難。

文物

如果說6號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開掘讓(rang)(rang)人(ren)眼(yan)前(qian)一亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，走(zou)進6個(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)就更讓(rang)(rang)人(ren)嘆為(wei)(wei)(wei)觀止了(le)。這是(shi)一個(ge)5室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道長(chang)約13米(mi)(mi)，共5重(zhong)(zhong)，約20米(mi)(mi)長(chang)，1．4—8米(mi)(mi)寬。記者(zhe)在現(xian)(xian)(xian)場看到，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)內(nei)(nei)造像(xiang)(xiang)題(ti)(ti)材形式多(duo)(duo)樣，內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)豐(feng)富(fu)，石刻、彩(cai)繪、壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)雕(diao)琢精美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石床(chuang)等讓(rang)(rang)許多(duo)(duo)專家(jia)感慨萬千(qian)。雖然事(shi)(shi)(shi)隔千(qian)年，但每一個(ge)石刻、每一幅壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖像(xiang)(xiang)都(dou)清晰可(ke)見(jian)(jian)。胡(hu)人(ren)舞(wu)蹈圖、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主宴飲圖等壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)等被川大教授(shou)宋治民認為(wei)(wei)(wei)極富(fu)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)特色(se)。他告訴(su)記者(zhe)，這些(xie)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)先(xian)在石壁(bi)(bi)上鑿框作畫(hua)(hua)(hua)，內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居家(jia)圖，具有(you)極強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)貫性。記者(zhe)則發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，這些(xie)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)顏色(se)鮮艷，紅、黃、黑、白、綠等多(duo)(duo)種色(se)調一應俱全。而在3號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墨書榜(bang)題(ti)(ti)則讓(rang)(rang)大家(jia)倍感吃驚。150余字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墨書榜(bang)題(ti)(ti)介紹(shao)了(le)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主人(ren)身份、家(jia)世等，更含有(you)平羌(qiang)有(you)功等內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)研究(jiu)(jiu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主身份、官職(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)政(zheng)治經(jing)濟狀(zhuang)況(kuang)提供了(le)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)寶貴(gui)價值。  塔(ta)梁(liang)子(zi)崖(ya)(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群無論是(shi)色(se)彩(cai)斑斕(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)，還(huan)(huan)是(shi)珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墨書榜(bang)題(ti)(ti)，塔(ta)梁(liang)子(zi)崖(ya)(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)無疑是(shi)四川考古(gu)(gu)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一大喜事(shi)(shi)(shi)。東漢(han)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)以(yi)前(qian)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)（一般為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)），主要(yao)(yao)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)于河(he)南、河(he)北、內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)、遼寧等中(zhong)原及(ji)(ji)(ji)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)區(qu)，南方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)區(qu)以(yi)前(qian)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)最(zui)早(zao)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)魏晉時(shi)期，塔(ta)梁(liang)子(zi)3號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)則是(shi)長(chang)江流域及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)以(yi)南地(di)區(qu)目前(qian)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)代(dai)最(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。在3號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)還(huan)(huan)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)不少(shao)有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)題(ti)(ti)材，如胡(hu)人(ren)舞(wu)蹈圖，是(shi)四川發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)最(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胡(hu)人(ren)樂(le)舞(wu)資料，在中(zhong)國漢(han)代(dai)考古(gu)(gu)資料中(zhong)也極為(wei)(wei)(wei)罕(han)見(jian)(jian)。塔(ta)梁(liang)子(zi)3號(hao)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，填補了(le)崖(ya)(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)考古(gu)(gu)和南方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)區(qu)漢(han)代(dai)美術(shu)考古(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一項空(kong)白，是(shi)中(zhong)國漢(han)代(dai)考古(gu)(gu)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)之一，為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢(han)代(dai)政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟、軍事(shi)(shi)(shi)、民族、文化、美術(shu)等方(fang)(fang)(fang)面研究(jiu)(jiu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)史研究(jiu)(jiu)提供了(le)彌足珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料。

離開考古現場，在(zai)大家(jia)贊嘆聲(sheng)中，一個更為(wei)嚴肅的話題(ti)被提(ti)了出(chu)來，怎么才能讓(rang)這些精美的壁(bi)畫(hua)長(chang)久(jiu)保(bao)存？川大教(jiao)授林(lin)向告(gao)訴記者，目前我國的彩(cai)色壁(bi)畫(hua)保(bao)存還無(wu)成熟(shu)經驗，現在(zai)能做的就(jiu)是盡快取齊資料，然后(hou)迅(xun)速(su)密封墓室，待新(xin)方(fang)(fang)法研(yan)究出(chu)來后(hou)再打開。對此，省文物局(ju)副局(ju)長(chang)高大倫表示，有(you)關方(fang)(fang)面(mian)會盡快對墓群(qun)采取拍(pai)照、臨摹(mo)等搶救性措施，盡全力保(bao)存好目前的這一四川瑰寶。