舂(chong)陵侯城遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于永州市寧遠縣柏家坪鎮的柏家村和柏家井村。遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)四周地勢平坦(tan),城南1000米有舂(chong)陵河自(zi)西向東(dong)流經,遠處有延綿的低矮山(shan)嶺(ling)。
漢武帝元朔五年(nian)(公元前(qian)(qian)124年(nian)),劉買為(wei)舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)侯,立侯城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于此,漢初元四(si)年(nian)(公元前(qian)(qian)45年(nian)),舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)侯遷徙他(ta)處,此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)縣縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。1958年(nian),當地(di)的(de)考古(gu)工作者對舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)侯城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)進行了測(ce)量,其(qi)后(hou)經過多(duo)次(ci)調查。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)殘存夯土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,東西(xi)長170米,南(nan)北(bei)寬135米,殘高2~6米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻夯土(tu)層次(ci)分(fen)明(ming),東、西(xi)、北(bei)墻有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門遺址(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)角有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雉,四(si)周(zhou)有護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東2千(qian)米有舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)侯墓(mu)(mu),封土(tu)堆無存,有清(qing)刻漢舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)侯墓(mu)(mu)殘碑一方(fang),墓(mu)(mu)四(si)周(zhou)有圍墻,四(si)周(zhou)地(di)勢平坦。
舂陵(ling)侯城(cheng)始建于秦(qin)(qin)漢(han),歷(li)經秦(qin)(qin)漢(han)兩(liang)個時(shi)期。長沙(sha)馬王堆三(san)號(hao)漢(han)墓出土(tu)的帛書(shu)地圖有(you)舂陵(ling)城(cheng)標(biao)記。遺址輪廓(kuo)清晰,保(bao)存(cun)相對完(wan)整(zheng),對研(yan)究秦(qin)(qin)漢(han)時(shi)期城(cheng)市(shi)布(bu)局,自然和人文生存(cun)環境提供了重要實物資料,具有(you)較高的歷(li)史、藝術和科學價值。
西漢武帝元朔五(wu)年(前124年),以零陵(ling)(ling)郡泠道縣的舂陵(ling)(ling)鄉(在(zai)今(jin)湖(hu)南省(sheng)寧遠縣柏家坪鎮(zhen))封長沙王子劉(liu)買為舂陵(ling)(ling)侯。
漢元(yuan)帝(di)初元(yuan)四(si)年(前45年)遷徙劉仁到蔡陽(yang)(yang)白(bai)水鄉(xiang)為舂(chong)陵侯(hou)。舂(chong)陵侯(hou)國治所在(zai)今(jin)湖北棗(zao)陽(yang)(yang)吳(wu)店(dian)鎮舂(chong)陵村。
漢元(yuan)帝初(chu)元(yuan)四(si)年(nian)(前45年(nian))舂陵侯國與零(ling)陵郡的(de)泠(ling)道(dao)縣合并。
清宗績辰《舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)碑(bei)記》引《漢書(shu)》載:“長沙(sha)王發第十三子(zi)買,封于(yu)舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)鄉(xiang)(xiang),屬長沙(sha)郡,后屬零陵(ling)(ling)郡之泠道。買卒(zu),子(zi)戴侯熊渠(qu)嗣,熊渠(qu)卒(zu)、子(zi)仁嗣。元帝時,仁乞封避瘴(zhang)毒,治遷南(nan)陽。”劉仁遷至南(nan)陽白水(shui)鄉(xiang)(xiang),重建舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)城(cheng)池,仍為舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯,而東漢光(guang)武帝劉秀乃劉買五(wu)世(shi)孫,起(qi)生(sheng)命(ming)于(yu)此,名曰舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)軍。
又據《水經(jing)注》載:“縣本泠道舂陵(ling)鄉,蓋(gai)因舂溪為名矣。“