臥龍(long)地(di)(di)區(qu)位于龍(long)門山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)南(nan)段(duan),邛崍(lai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)東(dong)南(nan)坡,為(wei)(wei)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)(di)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)川(chuan)(chuan)西(xi)(xi)高原的(de)過渡地(di)(di)帶,其地(di)(di)貌形(xing)態以(yi)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)深谷為(wei)(wei)主。區(qu)內(nei)最高峰(feng)四(si)姑(gu)娘(niang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是邛崍(lai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)主峰(feng),海拔高度(du)(du)(du)6250米(mi)。以(yi)四(si)姑(gu)娘(niang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)-巴朗山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)界,以(yi)東(dong)為(wei)(wei)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)(di)邊緣山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di),以(yi)西(xi)(xi)進入川(chuan)(chuan)西(xi)(xi)高原。臥龍(long)地(di)(di)區(qu)大地(di)(di)構造上屬于龍(long)門山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)褶(zhe)(zhe)斷帶的(de)中(zhong)南(nan)段(duan),由一(yi)系列(lie)北(bei)(bei)東(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)平行的(de)褶(zhe)(zhe)曲(qu)和斷裂組成。構造帶總體方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)40-50度(du)(du)(du)東(dong)。褶(zhe)(zhe)曲(qu)均為(wei)(wei)緊密的(de)倒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)腹背(bei)斜(xie)、腹向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie),自(zi)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)有:總棚子倒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)復(fu)(fu)背(bei)斜(xie)、三道卡子倒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)復(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)、牛頭山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)倒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)復(fu)(fu)背(bei)斜(xie)、銅槽倒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)復(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie),這些褶(zhe)(zhe)曲(qu)軸面(mian)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)30-60度(du)(du)(du)東(dong),軸面(mian)傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)不同地(di)(di)段(duan)變化很大,忽而傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei),忽而傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南(nan),呈一(yi)彎曲(qu)的(de)扭曲(qu)面(mian),傾(qing)(qing)角40-60度(du)(du)(du)不等。腹背(bei)斜(xie)和腹向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)的(de)兩翼均被次一(yi)級(ji)同向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)小(xiao)背(bei)斜(xie)和小(xiao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)復(fu)(fu)雜化。
保護對象
植物
物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing):臥龍自然保護區曾與四(si)川省南充師范(fan)學院生物(wu)(wu)系合作考察、收集(ji)植物(wu)(wu)標本(ben)達5000多(duo)(duo)號、20000多(duo)(duo)份,還鑒(jian)定出植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)數(shu)近4000種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);發現新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10個,記錄在(zai)案的(de)高等植物(wu)(wu)有(you)217科(ke)、814屬、1989種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中,苔蘚植物(wu)(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)四(si)川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)8.29%,蕨類(lei)植物(wu)(wu)191種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)全國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)數(shu)的(de)8.3%,四(si)川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)20.0%,被(bei)子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)1604種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)(zhan)全國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)約6.6%,四(si)川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)18.98%。
珍(zhen)稀瀕危植(zhi)物:臥龍自然保護(hu)區內有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點保護(hu)的(de)珍(zhen)稀瀕危植(zhi)物245種,其(qi)中屬(shu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)保護(hu)有(you)(you)(you)珙(gong)桐(tong)(Davidia involucrata Baillon)水杉(shan)(shan)(Metasequ oia glyptostroboides Cheng),二(er)級(ji)保護(hu)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)伯樂樹(Bretschneidera sinensis)連香樹(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)光葉珙(gong)桐(tong)(Davidiainvolucrata var. vilmoriniana)香果樹(Emmenopterys henryi)杜(du)仲(Eucommia ulmoides)銀杏(Ginkgo biloba)胡桃(tao)(Juglans sp.)四川(chuan)紅杉(shan)(shan)(Larix mas tersiana)水青(qing)樹(Tetracentron sinense),三級(ji)保護(hu)的(de)有(you)(you)(you):黃(huang)蓍(Astrgal us menbranaceus)黃(huang)連(Coptis chinensis)金線槭(Dipteronia sinensis)八角(jiao)蓮(Dysosm a versipellis)領春木(mu)(Euptelea pleiospermum)天(tian)麻(Gastrodia elata)厚(hou)樸(Magnolia officinalis)扇蕨(Meocheiropteris palmatopedata)黃(huang)薜(bi)(Phelloclendron amurense)垂枝云杉(shan)(shan)(Picea brachytyla)筇竹(Qiongzhuea tumidinoda)大葉柳(Salix magnifica)延(yan)齡草(cao)(Trillium tschonoskii)。
(3)資源植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu):臥龍(long)(long)自然保護(hu)區森林茂密,木材(cai)(cai)蓄積量近兩(liang)千萬立方米,有藥用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)870種(zhong)(zhong),是四川(chuan)藥材(cai)(cai)的(de)重要(yao)產(chan)區,天麻、貝母、水母雪(xue)蓮、黃芪等名貴藥材(cai)(cai)產(chan)量豐(feng)富(fu)。有油脂類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)80種(zhong)(zhong),淀粉(fen)及糖類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong),纖維類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)60種(zhong)(zhong),單寧類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong),芳香類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)28種(zhong)(zhong),此外,臥龍(long)(long)還(huan)出產(chan)大量的(de)可食(shi)菌類(lei)、蕨(jue)苔(tai),構成山珍野(ye)味的(de)一部分。
動物
物(wu)種(zhong)多樣性:臥(wo)龍(long)自然保護(hu)區曾與西華師(shi)范大學生物(wu)系珍稀動(dong)植物(wu)研究(jiu)所(suo)合作(zuo)考察,記錄在(zai)案的(de)動(dong)物(wu)有2200種(zhong)左(zuo)右,其中昆蟲約1700多種(zhong),脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)437種(zhong)。有獸(shou)類(lei)7目23科109種(zhong)或亞種(zhong),占四川種(zhong)數(shu)的(de)50%;鳥類(lei)13目43科281種(zhong)3亞種(zhong),占四川種(zhong)數(shu)的(de)52%;爬行類(lei)1目5科21種(zhong);兩棲類(lei)有2目5科18種(zhong);魚類(lei)有3目5科11種(zhong)。
珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕危(wei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu):臥(wo)龍(long)自然(ran)保護(hu)區由(you)于特殊的(de)自然(ran)環境與地(di)理位置,保存了不少古老子遺動(dong)(dong)物(wu),是我國(guo)大熊貓(mao)的(de)主要分布(bu)區,大熊貓(mao)的(de)數量約(yue)占全國(guo)總數的(de)10%,列(lie)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保護(hu)的(de)珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕危(wei)的(de)高等動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有57種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中一級保護(hu)的(de)有大熊貓(mao)(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)金絲(si)猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)等13種(zhong)(zhong)。二(er)級保護(hu)的(de)有獼(mi)猴、藏酋(qiu)猴等44種(zhong)(zhong)。
發展規劃
臥龍(long)(long)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)始建(jian)(jian)于1963年(nian),面積2萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),是(shi)中國最(zui)早建(jian)(jian)立的綜(zong)合(he)性國家級保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)之一。1974年(nian)3月面積擴大到20 萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。1980年(nian)加入聯合(he)國教科文組織“人與(yu)生物圈”保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)網,并與(yu)世界(jie)野生生物基(ji)金會合(he)作(zuo)建(jian)(jian)立中國保護(hu)(hu)大熊貓(mao)研究中 心。1983年(nian)7月,省(sheng)政府,原林(lin)業部聯合(he)作(zuo)出了將四(si)川省(sheng)汶川縣臥龍(long)(long)特別行政區(qu)(qu)改為四(si)川省(sheng)汶川臥龍(long)(long)特別行政區(qu)(qu)的決定,與(yu)臥龍(long)(long)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局合(he)署辦公(gong)的綜(zong)合(he)管(guan)理體制。
國(guo)家和四川省命名臥龍自然保護區(qu)為“科普教育(yu)基地”“愛國(guo)主義教育(yu)基地”。
多年(nian)來,臥龍自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)著眼于建設一流(liu)的國(guo)家自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)目標(biao),堅(jian)持保護和合理利(li)用的方(fang)針,特(te)別是大(da)(da)熊貓的研究取得了突破性進展(zhan)(zhan),1990年(nian)至2001年(nian)已成功(gong)地人工繁殖大(da)(da)熊貓34胎,51仔、成活42仔,現已同山東魯能信誼旅(lv)游(you)集團簽(qian)訂(ding)開發(fa)協議,力(li)爭實現2005年(nian)前建成大(da)(da)熊貓生態旅(lv)游(you)勝利(li)的目標(biao)。在(zai)2012年(nian)當時,區(qu)(qu)內經濟得到有效發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),人民生活水平(ping)顯著提高。基礎(chu)設施建設發(fa)生根本性改善,保護區(qu)(qu)的建設和發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)向(xiang)符合中國(guo)國(guo)情的良性循環(huan)方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
設計理念
臥(wo)龍(long)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)“中華大(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)園(yuan)”的(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji),把(ba)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資源、研究(jiu)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)、拓(tuo)展建設(she)、長遠發展結合(he)(he)起來(lai),把(ba)就地取材、因勢(shi)利導、順應自(zi)然(ran)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建設(she)結合(he)(he)起來(lai)。通過(guo)大(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)化馴養區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)產仔區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)外(wai)放(fang)歸(gui)過(guo)渡區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)外(wai)放(fang)歸(gui)試驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)等互動(dong)一體的(de)(de)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji),成功的(de)(de)完成了(le)“保(bao)(bao)護是前提(ti),研究(jiu)為中心(xin)(xin),放(fang)歸(gui)是目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)”的(de)(de)指導思想。為提(ti)供更多更優化更合(he)(he)乎(hu)自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)物(wu)種研究(jiu)大(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)創造了(le)更優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)條件,使臥(wo)龍(long)名(ming)符其(qi)實(shi)(shi)成為世(shi)界(jie)上最生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、最優秀(xiu)、最先進、最前衛的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護、研究(jiu)大(da)熊貓(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)中心(xin)(xin),進一步得到黨(dang)和國家的(de)(de)領導人、世(shi)界(jie)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)基金會領導及有關(guan)專家、學者的(de)(de)矚(zhu)目(mu)(mu)和關(guan)心(xin)(xin)。
創造原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)環境(jing)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)熊貓(mao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)景(jing)區,與一(yi)般意義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物園(yuan)和主題公園(yuan)有(you)顯著差別,它并不(bu)是簡單(dan)地(di)(di)將不(bu)同生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環境(jing)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)動物集中到一(yi)處野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物園(yuan)或主題公園(yuan)進行(xing)喂養;臥(wo)龍(long)是大(da)熊貓(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di),將大(da)熊貓(mao)放歸(gui)野外(wai),實(shi)行(xing)半(ban)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)放養的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)科學試(shi)驗,為進一(yi)步將人(ren)工(gong)繁殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)熊貓(mao)完全放歸(gui)自然(ran)(ran)提供(gong)了探索性思路,真正實(shi)現自然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)原則(ze)。我們力圖通過對(dui)此項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)設計,來(lai)凸現臥(wo)龍(long)大(da)熊貓(mao)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域特(te)征及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)景(jing)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)性,打造出中國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)景(jing)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個世界級品牌"熊貓(mao)之鄉(xiang)"。