臥龍(long)(long)地區位于龍(long)(long)門山(shan)中(zhong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)段,邛(qiong)崍山(shan)的東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)坡,為(wei)(wei)四(si)川盆地向(xiang)(xiang)川西(xi)(xi)高(gao)原的過渡地帶,其地貌形態(tai)以(yi)高(gao)山(shan)深谷為(wei)(wei)主。區內最高(gao)峰(feng)四(si)姑娘(niang)山(shan)是(shi)邛(qiong)崍山(shan)的主峰(feng),海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)度6250米。以(yi)四(si)姑娘(niang)山(shan)-巴朗山(shan)為(wei)(wei)界,以(yi)東(dong)為(wei)(wei)四(si)川盆地邊(bian)緣山(shan)地,以(yi)西(xi)(xi)進入川西(xi)(xi)高(gao)原。臥龍(long)(long)地區大地構(gou)造上屬于龍(long)(long)門山(shan)褶(zhe)斷帶的中(zhong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)段,由一(yi)系(xi)列北(bei)(bei)(bei)東(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)平行的褶(zhe)曲和(he)斷裂組成。構(gou)造帶總體方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)40-50度東(dong)。褶(zhe)曲均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)緊密的倒(dao)(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)腹(fu)(fu)背(bei)斜、腹(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)斜,自西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)有:總棚子(zi)倒(dao)(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)復(fu)背(bei)斜、三道卡子(zi)倒(dao)(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)復(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)斜、牛(niu)頭山(shan)倒(dao)(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)復(fu)背(bei)斜、銅槽倒(dao)(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)復(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)斜,這些褶(zhe)曲軸面(mian)走向(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)30-60度東(dong),軸面(mian)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)在不(bu)同地段變化(hua)很大,忽而(er)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei),忽而(er)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan),呈一(yi)彎曲的扭曲面(mian),傾(qing)角40-60度不(bu)等。腹(fu)(fu)背(bei)斜和(he)腹(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)斜的兩(liang)翼均(jun)(jun)被次一(yi)級同向(xiang)(xiang)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)的小背(bei)斜和(he)小向(xiang)(xiang)斜復(fu)雜化(hua)。
保護對象
植物
物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)性(xing):臥龍(long)自然保護區曾與(yu)四川(chuan)省南充師范學(xue)院生物(wu)(wu)(wu)系合(he)作考察、收集(ji)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)標本達5000多號(hao)、20000多份,還鑒定出植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)數(shu)近(jin)4000種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);發現新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10個(ge),記錄在(zai)案的(de)(de)高等植物(wu)(wu)(wu)有217科、814屬(shu)、1989種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中,苔(tai)蘚植物(wu)(wu)(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)四川(chuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)8.29%,蕨(jue)類(lei)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)191種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)全國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)數(shu)的(de)(de)8.3%,四川(chuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)20.0%,被(bei)子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)1604種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占(zhan)全國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)約6.6%,四川(chuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)18.98%。
珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕危植物:臥龍自然保護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)有(you)國家重點保護(hu)(hu)的珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕危植物245種,其中屬(shu)國家一級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)有(you)珙桐(Davidia involucrata Baillon)水(shui)杉(Metasequ oia glyptostroboides Cheng),二級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)的有(you)伯(bo)樂樹(Bretschneidera sinensis)連(lian)(lian)香(xiang)(xiang)樹(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)光葉珙桐(Davidiainvolucrata var. vilmoriniana)香(xiang)(xiang)果樹(Emmenopterys henryi)杜仲(zhong)(Eucommia ulmoides)銀杏(xing)(Ginkgo biloba)胡桃(Juglans sp.)四川紅杉(Larix mas tersiana)水(shui)青樹(Tetracentron sinense),三(san)級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)的有(you):黃(huang)蓍(Astrgal us menbranaceus)黃(huang)連(lian)(lian)(Coptis chinensis)金(jin)線(xian)槭(qi)(Dipteronia sinensis)八角(jiao)蓮(Dysosm a versipellis)領春木(Euptelea pleiospermum)天麻(Gastrodia elata)厚樸(pu)(Magnolia officinalis)扇蕨(Meocheiropteris palmatopedata)黃(huang)薜(Phelloclendron amurense)垂枝云杉(Picea brachytyla)筇竹(Qiongzhuea tumidinoda)大葉柳(Salix magnifica)延齡草(Trillium tschonoskii)。
(3)資源植(zhi)(zhi)物:臥(wo)龍自(zi)然保護區(qu)森林茂密,木材蓄(xu)積量近(jin)兩千萬立(li)方米,有(you)藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物870種(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)四川藥材的(de)重(zhong)要產(chan)區(qu),天麻(ma)、貝母(mu)、水(shui)母(mu)雪蓮、黃芪等名貴藥材產(chan)量豐富。有(you)油脂類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物80種(zhong)(zhong),淀粉及糖(tang)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物42種(zhong)(zhong),纖維類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物60種(zhong)(zhong),單(dan)寧類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物42種(zhong)(zhong),芳香(xiang)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物28種(zhong)(zhong),此外,臥(wo)龍還(huan)出產(chan)大量的(de)可食菌類(lei)(lei)、蕨苔,構成山珍野(ye)味(wei)的(de)一部分。
動物
物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)多樣性:臥龍自然保護區曾與(yu)西(xi)華(hua)師范大學生物(wu)(wu)系珍稀動植物(wu)(wu)研究(jiu)所合作考察,記錄在案的(de)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)2200種(zhong)左(zuo)右,其中昆蟲約1700多種(zhong),脊椎動物(wu)(wu)437種(zhong)。有(you)(you)獸類(lei)(lei)7目(mu)23科109種(zhong)或亞種(zhong),占四(si)川種(zhong)數的(de)50%;鳥類(lei)(lei)13目(mu)43科281種(zhong)3亞種(zhong),占四(si)川種(zhong)數的(de)52%;爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)1目(mu)5科21種(zhong);兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)2目(mu)5科18種(zhong);魚類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)3目(mu)5科11種(zhong)。
珍稀瀕(bin)(bin)危動物:臥龍自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區由于(yu)特(te)殊的自然(ran)環境與(yu)地(di)理位置,保(bao)存(cun)了不少古老子遺(yi)動物,是我國(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)的主(zhu)要分(fen)布區,大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)的數量約(yue)占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)總數的10%,列(lie)為國(guo)(guo)家重點保(bao)護(hu)的珍稀瀕(bin)(bin)危的高等(deng)動物有57種(zhong),其中一級保(bao)護(hu)的有大(da)(da)熊貓(mao)(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)金絲猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)等(deng)13種(zhong)。二級保(bao)護(hu)的有獼猴、藏酋猴等(deng)44種(zhong)。
發展規劃
臥龍(long)(long)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區始建(jian)(jian)于1963年,面積(ji)2萬(wan)公頃,是(shi)中(zhong)國最早(zao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)的綜(zong)合(he)(he)性國家級保(bao)(bao)護區之一。1974年3月面積(ji)擴大到20 萬(wan)公頃。1980年加入聯合(he)(he)國教科(ke)文組(zu)織(zhi)“人與生物圈(quan)”保(bao)(bao)護區網,并(bing)與世界野生生物基金會合(he)(he)作(zuo)建(jian)(jian)立(li)中(zhong)國保(bao)(bao)護大熊貓(mao)研究中(zhong) 心。1983年7月,省政府,原林業(ye)部(bu)聯合(he)(he)作(zuo)出了(le)將(jiang)四川(chuan)(chuan)省汶(wen)川(chuan)(chuan)縣臥龍(long)(long)特別行政區改為四川(chuan)(chuan)省汶(wen)川(chuan)(chuan)臥龍(long)(long)特別行政區的決(jue)定,與臥龍(long)(long)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區管理局合(he)(he)署(shu)辦(ban)公的綜(zong)合(he)(he)管理體制。
國(guo)家和四川省命名臥龍自(zi)然保護區為“科普教育基地(di)”“愛國(guo)主義教育基地(di)”。
多年(nian)來,臥龍自(zi)然保護(hu)區著眼于建設(she)一流的(de)國(guo)家(jia)自(zi)然保護(hu)區目標(biao),堅持保護(hu)和(he)合理利用的(de)方(fang)針,特別是大(da)熊貓(mao)的(de)研究取得了(le)突破性進展,1990年(nian)至(zhi)2001年(nian)已成功地人工繁殖大(da)熊貓(mao)34胎,51仔、成活(huo)42仔,現(xian)已同(tong)山東魯能信誼旅游集團(tuan)簽(qian)訂開發協議,力(li)爭實(shi)現(xian)2005年(nian)前(qian)建成大(da)熊貓(mao)生態旅游勝利的(de)目標(biao)。在2012年(nian)當時,區內經濟(ji)得到有效發展,人民(min)生活(huo)水(shui)平顯著提高。基礎設(she)施建設(she)發生根(gen)本性改善,保護(hu)區的(de)建設(she)和(he)發展向符合中國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)的(de)良性循環方(fang)向發展。
設計理念
臥龍自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)“中(zhong)(zhong)華大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)園”的(de)(de)(de)規劃設(she)計(ji),把生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資源、研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)實踐、拓展建設(she)、長遠發展結(jie)合(he)起來,把就地取(qu)材、因勢利導(dao)(dao)、順應自(zi)然(ran)與生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)建設(she)結(jie)合(he)起來。通過(guo)大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野化(hua)馴養區(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)產仔區(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野外(wai)放(fang)歸過(guo)渡區(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野外(wai)放(fang)歸試驗區(qu)等(deng)互動一(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)功能區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)規劃設(she)計(ji),成功的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)成了“保(bao)護是(shi)前提(ti),研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)為中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),放(fang)歸是(shi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)”的(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)(dao)思想。為提(ti)供更多更優化(hua)更合(he)乎自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)物種(zhong)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)創(chuang)造了更優秀的(de)(de)(de)條件,使臥龍名符其實成為世(shi)界上最(zui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、最(zui)優秀、最(zui)先進(jin)、最(zui)前衛的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護、研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),進(jin)一(yi)步得到黨和(he)國家的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)人(ren)、世(shi)界野生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物基金會領(ling)導(dao)(dao)及有關專家、學者的(de)(de)(de)矚(zhu)目(mu)和(he)關心(xin)。
創造原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)景區,與一(yi)般意義上的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)園和主題公(gong)園有(you)顯著差別(bie),它并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)簡單地(di)將(jiang)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)集中(zhong)(zhong)到一(yi)處(chu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)園或主題公(gong)園進行喂(wei)養;臥(wo)龍是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di),將(jiang)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)放(fang)歸(gui)野外(wai),實行半野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)放(fang)養的(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)科(ke)學試驗,為進一(yi)步將(jiang)人工繁殖的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)完全放(fang)歸(gui)自(zi)然(ran)提供(gong)了探索性(xing)思路,真正實現(xian)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)原(yuan)則。我們力圖通(tong)過對此項目的(de)(de)(de)規劃設計,來凸(tu)現(xian)臥(wo)龍大(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)域特征及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)景觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)性(xing),打造出(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)景區的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個世界(jie)級品牌"熊(xiong)貓(mao)之鄉"。